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Mid-Term 2017
Mid-Term 2017
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Cells, genetics, cell processes
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1
What contribution of Charles Darwin had a major impact on classification?
seven levels of classification
his theory of evolution
taxonomy
binomial nomenclature
2
Carbon dioxide enters plants through the
chloroplasts
stomata
chlorophyll
pigments
3
How does magnification occur in an electron microscope?
An electron beam creates an image
Light is reflected by the electron beam
Light is changed into electrons
An electron beam makes the object become larger
4
What is 1 way scientists get information about the evolutionary history of species?
by observing what organisms eat
by observing where organisms live
by comparing organisms' body structures
by studying how organisms move
5
Which is the most abundant chemical found in living cells?
carbohydrates
lipids
water
proteins
6
During what stage of the cell cycle does replication occur?
prophase
mitosis
interphase
cytokinesis
7
The experiments of Redi & Pasteur helped to demonstrate that
organisms can be placed in groups
the chemicals of life could have arisen on early Earth
species gradually change over time
living things do not arise from nonliving material
8
What is copied during replication?
the cell's organelles
the cell's DNA
chromosomes
2 daughter cells
9
Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?
Only plants are composed of cells
Cells are not the basic units of structure and function
Cells can be produced from nonliving matter
All cells are produced from other cells
10
Which is the broadest classification level?
domain
family
phylum
species
11
An organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait is...
heterozygous
homozygous
phenotype
tall
12
Sugar molecules can combine to form large molecules called
enzymes
liquids
starches
proteins
13
Which term refers to the movement of materials thru a cell membrane using a cell's energy
passive transport
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
14
Unlike the cell wall, a cell membrane
produces energy
is made of chromatin
is found in all cells
protects the nucleus
15
What proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in F1?
half
three fourths
one fourth
none
16
Which group of organisms includes only multicellular heterotrophs?
bacteria
animals
protists
plants
17
Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?
hybrids
generations
traits
offspring
18
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
ribosome
chloroplast
nucleus
mitochondrion
19
The stage of respiration that releases the most energy in glucose occurs in the...
mitochondria
cytoplasm
nucleus
chloroplast
20
The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called...
mitosis
replication
interphase
the cell cycle
21
When is lactic acid fermentation most likely to occur?
a long walk
playing video games
sleeping
a very fast run
22
Walter Sutton discovered that sex cells of grasshoppers have...
12 times the # of chromosomes found in the body cells
2X the # of chromosomes found in body cells
the same # of chromosomes found in body cells
half the # of chromosomes found in body cells
23
Factors that control traits are called...
purebreds
parents
recessives
genes
24
What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetic experiments?
He cross pollinated both plants and animals
He cross-pollinated plants
He studied only tall and short pea plants
He studied only asexual plants
25
An organisms genotype is its...
feather color
physical appearance
genetic make-up
stem height
26
Spontaneous generation is a mistaken idea because living things
do not reproduce
exhibit binomial nomenclature
maintain homeostasis
are produced only by living things
27
Scientists call an organism that a has 2 different alleles for a trait a
purebred
factor
dominant
hybrid
28
What forms the chromatids during mitosis?
2 new DNA molecules
2 new nuclei
2 new chromosomes
2 new cells
29
What are chromatids?
identical strands of chromosomes
identical daughter cells
double rods of centromeres
pigments that absorb the energy in sunlight
30
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration refers to...
diffusion
active transport
collision
concentration
31
The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover
skin
cells
plants
animals
32
How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
it creates clean water
it eliminates harmful sugars
It creates food that they can eat
it adds carbon dioxide to the air
33
What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a cross between 2 hybrid pea plants?
four in four
three in four
two in four
one in four
34
An organism's physical appearance is its...
allele
genotype
dominance
phenotype
35
Enzymes are important because they...
contain water
contain genetic material
speed up a chemical reaction
help maintain the cell's shape
36
Which domain(s) include(s) only prokaryotes?
bacteria & archaea
eukarya only
bacteria only
archaea only
37
What is the function of a cell membrane?
to control which substances enter & leave the cell
to form a hard outer covering for the cell
to support the cell
to perform different functions in each cell
38
An organism that makes its own food is called a(n)
autotroph
eukaryote
prokaryote
heterotroph
39
A substance that cannot be broken down is a(n)...
carbohydrate
particle
compound
element
40
What does the term resolution refer to?
how large an image can be
how well structures close together can be distinguished
how many lenses a microscope uses
how much light is needed to see an object
41
Taxonomic keys can be used to help determine the...
behavior of organisms
needs of organisms
identity of organisms
size of organisms
42
One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is...
how they move
where they live
their ability to make food
their ability to reproduce
43
Which term refers to the movement of materials thru a cell membrane without using cell's energy
active transport
concentration
passive transport
collision
44
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute
1/2 the number of chromosomes in body cells
1/4 the # of chromosomes in body cells
the normal # of chromosomes in body cells
twice the # of chromosomes in body cells
45
Cells in many celled organisms
all look the same
are often quite different from each other
are the same size
all have the same structure
46
A plant grows toward the light. The plant's action is an example of
development
a response
reproduction
a stimulus
47
What is probability?
the # of times a coin lands straight up
a # that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
the way the results of one event affect the next event
the actual result from a series of events
48
The more classification levels that 2 organisms share,
the more distantly related they are
the closer together on Earth they live
the easier it is to tell them apart
the more characteristics they have in common
49
Which of the following BEST describes the function of mitochondria?
store energy from food
produce nucleic acids that release energy
convert energy from food to energy the cell can use
store energy from sunlight
50
If BB is crossed with bb, what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?
100%
75%
50%
25%
51
What captures energy from sunlight durung photosynthesis?
solar cells
carbohydrates
chlorophyll
stomata
52
Chromosomes are made up of...
male & female sex cells
one pair of alleles
many genes joined together
a phenotype and a genotype
53
What are the products of photosynthesis?
oxygen & sugars
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide & water
oxygen
54
The stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called
metaphase
telophase
interphase
cytokinesis
55
What does a Punnett Square show?
all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
all of Mendel's discoveries about genetic crosses
only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross
only the recessive alleles alleles in a recessive
56
Which organelles release chemicals to break down large food particles?
vacuoles
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
lysosomes
57
Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which
the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei
the cell divides into two new cells
the cell's DNA is replicated
the cell's cytoplasm divides
58
What happens during respiration?
glucose is broken down, releasing energy
oxygen is released into the air
water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy
carbohydrates are released into the blood stream
59
Unlike Hooke, Leeuwenhoek observed cells that...
could only be seen with a compound microscope
came from plants
had no cell walls
were alive
60
An organism's scientific name consists of
its class name and family name
its phylum name and species name
its genus name ans species name
its kingdom name and phylum name
61
What is the function of a cell wall?
to protect and support the cell
to perform different functions in each cell
to prevent oxygen from entering the cell
to prevent water from passing through it
62
A heterozygous organism has...
2 different alleles for a trait
2 identical alleles for a trait
3 different alleles for a trait
only 1 allele for a trait
63
Which classification level is broader than the kingdom level?
family
class
domain
order
64
What does the notation Tt mean to a geneticist?
2 dominant alleles
2 recessive alleles
1 dominant 1 recessive allele
homozygous alleles
65
Which term refers to the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
active transport
osmosis
engulfing
passive transport
66
Specialized cells are found only in ...
multi-celled organisms
bacteria
animals
single-celled organisms
67
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
Hybrid pairs of chromosomes combine to form offspring
Chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids
Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
Codominant genes combine to form new hybrids
68
What happens during meiosis?
Each sex cell copies itself to form 4 new chromosomes
Chrmsome prs separate and are distributed into new sex cells
chromosome prs remain together when new sex cells are formed
2 sex cells combine
69
What is taxonomy?
the scientific study of how living things are classified
the name of Aristotle's classification system
the process used by geologists to classify rocks
the process of observing an organism's behavior
70
How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
They both produce carbon dioxide
They have the same equations
They both produce oxygen
They have opposite equations
71
Which of the following traits is influenced by both inheritance and environmental factors?
the ability to cough
the ability to sing well
dyed hair color
natural hair color
72
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
2 new daughter cells are formed
a new round of mitosis begins
each organelle divides into two parts
a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell.
73
Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?
ribosomes
vacuoles
chloroplasts
mitochondria
74
The different forms of a gene are called...
traits
alleles
masks
factors
75
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?
2 dominant alleles
heterozygous alleles
at least 1 dominant allele
one dominant & one recessive allele
76
Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
protists & plants
fungi & protists
protists & animals
fungi & plants
77
The gradual change in species over time is called...
natural selection
evolution
classification
adaptation
