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CHI2550: ICT Set 1-2 Flashcards | StudBud
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CHI2550: ICT Set 1-2
CHI2550: ICT Set 1-2
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1
What is BA in BASE?
Basic Atomicity
Basically Unavailable
Basically Available
Basic Availability
2
What is Physical data independence?
Immunity of the external schemas to change
Immunity to change definition and organization of the data
Immunity of the conceptual schema to change
The description of a database
3
What is Logical data independence?
The description of a database
Immunity to change definition and organization of the data
Immunity of the external schemas to change
Same attribute is repeated in two or more records
4
What is Atomicity?
Transactions bring the DB from one valid state to another
Post-condition transformation
Guarantees all operations in the set occur or nothing occurs
Pre-condition transformation
5
What is Consistency?
Prevents partial updates to the database occurring
Guarantees all operations in the set occur or nothing occurs
Transactions results in a state obtained serial execution
Transactions bring the DB from one valid state to another
6
What is Data Consistency?
The state of the system after the execution of an operation
Providing access to all authorized users.
Users are allowed access to the same data simultaneously
Unnecessary replication of data
7
What is a Primary key?
Matches a key within another relation
The number of participating entity types in a relationship
Uniquely identifies a tuple in a relation
How entities are related to one another
8
What is Data Integrity?
Separation of data from the programs that use the data.
Maintaining the accuracy of data over time
The state of the system after the execution of an operation
Users are allowed access to the same data simultaneously
9
What is Data?
Contextualised data
Upper, lowed and mixed case characters
A single item of data
A collection of datum
10
What is an Attribute?
A mathematical term for a two-dimensional table of data.
A row of a relation
A named column of a relation
The number of attributes in a relation
11
What is S in BASE?
Soft-status
Satisfied-security
Soft-state
Static-system
12
What is Availability in CAP Theorem?
All nodes see the same data
Continuous operation in the event of communication loss
Every request receives a response
Participating nodes coordinate before committing
13
What is Data Separation?
Each program defines and manages its own data
Potentially useful data held by other programs
Each program defines its own set of data
Data stored as different values i.e. units of measurement
14
What is a Relation?
A mathematical term for a two-dimensional table of data
A row in a relation
How entities are related to one another
A named column in a relation
15
What are Legal Relations?
Limitation or restrictions on a relation
Undesired side-effects
Same data can be expressed on multiple tuples
Relations that satisfy constraints
16
What is a Degree of a Relationship?
A relationship between instances of a single entity
Simultaneous relationships among three entity types
A mathematical term for a two-dimensional
The number of participating entity types in a relationship
17
What is E in BASE?
Eventually-consistent
Event-consistency
Eventually-concurrent
Event-concurrency
18
What is Data Redundancy?
Separation of data from the programs that use the data
Users are allowed access to the same data simultaneously
No unnecessary replication of data
Necessary replication of data
19
Data models comprise which three components?
Manipulative
Integrity constraints
Structural
Parent-child relationships
20
What is a Parallel Database?
Transparently integrates multiple autonomous DBMS
Sata and the DBMS span multiple nodes
Maximize performance through parallelization
Comprises several distinct databases, each with its own DBMS
21
What is a Data Model?
Ensures the data is accurate
A set of rules by which the database will be constructed
Defines the types of operations that are allowed on the data
Theory describing how a database is structured and used
22
What is a Base Relation?
How entities are related to one another
Logically stored in the database
Physically stored in the database
Conceptually stored in the database
23
What is a Tuple?
A row of a relation
A named column of a relation
A mathematical term for a two-dimensional table of data.
The number of attributes it contains
24
What is Consistency in CAP Theorem?
Participating servers must coordinate before committing
All nodes see the same data
Every request receives a response
Continuous operation in the event of communication loss
25
What is a Foreign key?
The number of participating entity types in a relationship
How entities are related to one another
Matches a key within another relation
Uniquely identifies a tuple in a relation
26
What is a Heterogeneous Database?
Different hardware, OS, DBMS, and data models
Stored on multiple nodes in different physical locations
Stored on multiple nodes in the same physical location
Identical DBMS software and hardware
27
What is Data Inconsistency?
Each program defines its own set of data
Each program defines and manages its own data
Unaware of potentially useful data held by other programs
Data stored as different values i.e. units of measurement
28
What is a Distributed Database?
Maximizes performance through parallelization
Data and the DBMS span multiple nodes
Comprises several distinct databases, each with its own DBMS
Integrates multiple autonomous DBMS
29
What is a Relationship?
A relationship between two entity types
The number of participating entity types in a relationship
How entities are related to one another
A relationship between instances of a single entity
30
What is Data Concurrency?
Separation of data from the programs that use the data
Users are allowed access to the same data simultaneously
Provides access to all authorized users
No unnecessary replication of data
31
What is Isolation?
Ensures one valid state to another
Post-condition, transformation
Transactions results in a state obtained serial execution
Pre-condition, transformation
32
What is a Homogeneous Distrbuted Database?
Stored on multiple nodes in different physical locations
Stored on multiple nodes in the same physical location
Different hardware, OS, DBMS, data models
Identical software and hardware running all DB instances
33
What is a Database?
Persistent, shared, logical collection of related data
Programs that define their own set of data
An organized collection of datum
Apps that allow one end user to store and access data.
34
What is a Federated Database?
Transparently integrates multiple autonomous DBMS
Loosely-coupled nodes that share physical components
Tightly-coupled nodes that share physical components
Loosely-coupled nodes that share no physical components
35
What is Data Duplication?
Potentially useful data held by other programs
Each program defines and manages its own data
Data stored as different values i.e. units of measurement
Same data is stored by different programs or locations
36
What is a DB transaction?
Discrete unit that is dependent on other transactions
Discrete unit that is independent of other transactions
Joint units that are independent of other transactions
Joint units that are dependent of other transactions
37
What is Partition Tolerance in CAP Theorem?
Availability of data in the presence of multiple failures
All nodes see the same data
Every request receives a response
Continuous operation in the event of communication loss
38
What is Data Independence?
Allowing access to the same data simultaneously
Separation of data from the programs that use the data
Unnecessary replication of data
Providing access to all authorized users
39
What is Data Dependency?
Each program defines its own set of data;
Same data is stored in different programs or locations
Each program defines and manages its own data
Data stored as different values i.e. units of measurement
40
What is Durability?
All nodes see the same data.
Every request receives a response
Committed transactions are permanent
Single user has exclusive access to the data until released
41
What is a Database Management System?
Shared, logically coherent collection of related data
An organized collection of data
Consists of loosely-coupled nodes; no physical components
Enables database creation, maintainance, and control
42
What is a Database Schema?
Blueprint of how a database is constructed
Describes different internal views of the database.
Describes different external views of the database.
Describes how data are physical stored in secondary storage.
43
What is Data Sharing?
Provides access to all authorized users
Separation of data from the programs that use the data
Reducing the risk of data inconsistency when values changed
Necessary replication of data
44
What is Datum?
Is a series of data points
Is a collection of data
Is a group of multiple data points
Is a single item of data
