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Midterm 01 Review
Midterm 01 Review
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Review for GLY 1150 Exam 2
Flashcards
70 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
70
Answers
1
If magma undergoes fractional crystallization during cooling, the 1st mineral that crystallizes
will be more felsic than the magma
will be more mafic than the magma
will be identical in chemical composition to the magma
2
Which of the following landmasses would likely have explosive volcanic activity.
Land Mass B & C
Land Mass A & B
Land Mass A & C
Land Mass C
3
How are metamorphic rocks different from igneous rocks?
Metamorphic rocks form near the surface.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by solid -state changes.
Types of metamorphic rocks change with location.
Metamorphic rocks are formed by liquid-state changes.
4
Where to you usually find these types of volcanoes?
Transform Boundaries and C-C Convergent Boundaries
Divergent Plate Boundaries (Oceanic) and Hot Spots (Oceanic)
Hot Spots (Continental) and Subduction
Convergent Plate Boundaries with subduction (O-C & O-O)
5
The North American craton consists of a
mountain range on the East Coast.
shield and platform.
mountain range on both coasts
shield only (i.e. Canadian Shield)
6
Choose the statement that best describes foliation.
arrangement of mineral grains that are the same size/shape
the texture typical of all metamorphic rocks
alignment of grains parallel to direction of pressure
alignment of grains perpendicular to direction of pressure
7
The mantle is composed entirely of ….
ultramafic rock
felsic rock
intermediate rock
mafic rock
8
Which of the following primary volcanic hazards, on average, is considered the most deadly?
Pyroclastic Flow
Lava Flows
Lahars
Ash Fall
9
What type of fault is in the picture?
Reverse
Notmy
Normal
Strike-Slip
10
Large thrust or reverse faults, large EQ, and mountains but no volcanism. Ex. The Himalayas
Transform Boundaries
Continental - Continental Convergent Boundaries
Continental - Oceanic Convergent Boundaries
Continental Hot Spot
11
You are reading proposals requesting $ to find the oldest rocks on Earth. Which would you fund?
Prop 4: Search volcanoes near coast of US. Ex. St. Helens
Prop 3: Explore the deepest oceanic trench (Marianas Trench)
Prop 1: Search ocean floor beneath the ice caps in Arctic.
Prop 2: Search the middle of the Austrailian Continent.
12
What type of magma/lava is usually related to the volcano pictured here?
Variable Types
Felsic
Indermediate
Mafic
13
A statement that describes repeated experimental observations of some aspect of the universe...
is a scientific theory
is a scientific hypothesis
is a scientific law
14
What type of volcano is pictured here?
Caldera
Cinder
Shield
Composite (Strato)
15
Refer to the hypothetical plate map and determine how many individual plates are exhibited
5
4
6
3
16
Which of the following geographic provinces is the newest addition to the North America & NC?
Blue Ridge (Appalachian)
Valley & Ridge
Coastal Plain
Piedmont
17
Where to you usually find these types of volcanoes?
Divergent Plate Boundaries (Oceanic or Continental)
Hot Spots (Oceanic or Continental)
All of these locations
O-O and O-C Convergent Plate Boundaries
18
An EQ registered a M 7 and another registered a M 9, what is the difference in ground motion?
20
1024
100
10
19
What else can affect the number of deaths or amount of damage caused by an earthquake?
education & poverty level of the populace
construction of the buildings & other infrastructure
all of these could impact lives
magnitude, distance from, & depth of the earthquake
20
An atom’s mass number is 8 and it has 3 protons. What element is this atom?
Boron
Lithium
Sodium
Oxygen
21
Put in order the following steps that describe how a sedimentary rock forms
Weathering, erosion, deposition, transport, lithification
Erosion, weathering, lithification, erosion, deposition
Erosion, weathering, lithification, transport, deposition
Weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, lithification
22
What type of fault is in the picture?
Notmy
Reverse
Strike-Slip
Normal
23
The various geologic environments of the rock cycle are ultimately generated by
gravity.
plate tectonics.
influences from the hydrologic cycle.
heat from the Sun.
24
The heat that drives the tectonic cycle is derived from
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Friction of the plates
Radio active decay
25
Sedimentary transformations occur while a rock is in the _______ state
ductile/plastic
liquid/molten
solid/ridgid
26
What type of volcano is pictured here?
Caldera
Cinder
Composite
Shield
27
How does the elastic-rebound theory explain the occurrence of earthquakes?
Bending rocks fail, stress energy is released through EQ's
Bending rocks fail, tension energy is released through EQ's.
Colliding rocks cause kinetic energy to release through EQ's
Bending motion of rocks causes the crust to vibrate as EQ's
28
Which of the following primary volcanic hazards, on average, is considered the least deadly?
Ash Fall
Lava Flows
Lahars
Pyroclastic Flow
29
Igneous transformations occur while a rock is in the _______ state
liquid/molten
solid/ridgid
ductile/plastic
30
What is the
main
driver for melting at divergent boundaries and hot spots?
increase in temperature
increase of pressure
dewatering of subducting plate
decrease in pressure
31
The map shows the surface features at a subduction zone. Where was the diamond in the past?
P
R
Q
S
32
Which of the compressional stress orientations produced the foliation shown in the photo?
B
D
C
A
33
Which of the following provinces is the newest addition to North America and subsequently NC?
Piedmont
Blue Ridge Mountains
Valley and Ridge Province
Coastal Plain
34
The chain of volcanoes along the west coast of South America (Andes Mountains) exists because
an oceanic plate is subducting under South America
a continental plate is colliding with South America
an oceanic plate is rifting apart from edge of South America
an oceanic plate is sliding past the edge of South America
35
An EQ registered a M 7 and another registered a M 9, what is the difference in energy released?
10
64
32
1024
36
What is the ultimate source for most of the internal heat within our subsurface?
Nuclear fission within the core
Friction/pressure between the crust, mantle, & core
Nuclear fusion within the core
Radioactive decay of heavy elements
37
What happens to the lithosphere at transform plate boundaries?
Lithosphere moves up and down depending on density.
Lithosphere is created.
Lithosphere is destroyed.
Lithosphere is not destroyed or created, simply conserved.
38
What type of magma/lava is usually related to the volcano pictured here?
Mafic
Intermediate
Variable types
Felsic
39
What type of volcano is pictured here?
Cinder
Caldera
Composite (Strato)
Shield
40
A magma was cooled, buried too deep depths, uplifted & weathered. Path through the rock cycle?
metamorphic → igneous → sedimentary
sedimentary → igneous → metamorphic
igneous → metamorphic → sedimentary
metamorphic → igneous → metamorphic
41
What is the
main
driver for melting at sudbuction zones?
decrease in pressure
dewatering of subducting plate
increase in temperature
increase of pressure
42
The East Coast of the United States is an example of a
continental rift.
passive continental margin.
transform plate boundary.
subduction zone.
43
What is the change in shape produced by stress called?
tension
fracture
strain
compression
44
A cold, wet environment at high elevation, in which freezing and thawing is common
chemical weathering
mechanical weathering
little to no weathering
45
Where to you usually find these types of volcanoes?
Convergent Plate Boundaries with subduction (O-O & O-C)
Divergent Plate Boundaries (Oceanic)
C-C Convergent Plate Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
46
Long-term earthquake predictions
are based on the study of historic recurrence intervals.
are based on the last known earthquake in a region.
involve monitoring fault movement in real-time.
can forecast the month in which an earthquake will occur.
47
Which of the following plate boundaries will have the most friction and the most powerful EQ's?
Divergent
Transform
Hot Spot
Convergent
48
Normal faults, structural domes, & volcanism (mafic-intermediate). Ex. The Great African Rift.
Continental Divergence
Continental Hot Spot
Oceanic Divergence
Continental - Continental Convergence
49
What type of fault is in the picture?
Strike-Slip
Reverse
Notmy
Normal
50
What happens to the lithosphere at transform plate boundaries?
Lithosphere is destroyed
Lithosphere is formed
Lithosphere moves up and down depending on density.
Lithosphere is not destroyed or formed, simply conserved.
51
What type of magma/lava is usually related to the volcano pictured here?
Felsic
Mafic
Intermediate
Variable Types
52
Which of the following tend to make rocks change by plastic rather than by brittle deformation?
slowly applied stress
granitic (felsic) composition
cool surroundings
position fairly close to Earth's surface
53
The crust in the Basin and Range Province of western US is extending; therefore...
fault movement must be strike-slip.
fault movement must be normal.
fault movement must be thrust.
fault movement must be reverse.
54
Which of the following prevented of Wegener's continental drift hypothesis?
identical terrestrial species on both sides of the Atlantic
lack of a good mechanism to explain why the continents moved
the match of the coastlines of Africa and South America
presence of ancient glacial deposits in equatorial regions
55
Where are the oldest rocks within the Atlantic Ocean found?
C
B
A
56
A tested idea that best explains certain scientific observations & is yet to be disproven is a
scientific hypothesis
scientific theory
scientific law
57
The EQ foci pattern E of Australia and just N of New Zealand indicates which tectonic setting?
divergent plate boundary
hot spot activity
transform plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
58
The Modified Mercalli Intensity scale measures
earthquake damage.
the amplitude of P-waves.
the dimensions of the slipped area on a fault.
the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
59
Which of the following portions of the diagram corresponds to Unit 4?
Bed A
Bed C
Bed B
Bed D
60
The diamond and the pentagon are locations on the surface, where will they approximately meet?
P
Q
they will never meet
R
61
Aftershocks are usually
much weaker than the mainshock.
along a different fault system than the mainshock.
much stronger than the mainshock.
about the same as the mainshock.
62
The nebular theory explains.
why larger stars burn out more quickly than med-sized stars
how the universe formed
why the Universe is expanding
how the Solar System formed.
63
Metamorphic transformations occur while a rock is in the _______ state
solid/ridgid
liquid/molten
ductile/plastic
64
Block X is the block on the left. Which of the following choices is correct?
Block X is the hanging wall & it is a normal fault.
Block X is the hanging wall & it is a reverse fault.
Block X is the footwall & it is a normal fault.
Block X is the footwall & it is a reverse fault.
65
If an atom of helium & hydrogen are fused together at the atomic level what element is formed?
Beryllium
Iron
Carbon
Lithium
66
What kind of fold is this?
monocline
syncline
anticline
dome
67
What type of fault does the diagram show?
dip-slip fault, reverse
left-lateral strike-slip fault
right-lateral strike-slip fault
dip-slip fault, normal
68
Metamorphic rocks are classified primarily on
Environment of deposition
Texture---the presence or absence of foliation
Minerology---the presence or absence of quartz
that EQ's happen at predictably spaced time intervals.
69
Small to medium EQ's, no volcanism, and only small or limited mountains. Ex. San Francisco, CA
Continental Hot Spot
Continental - Continental Convergent Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
Continental - Oceanic Convergent Boundaries
70
During the process of seafloor spreading
new seafloor is formed at ridges and destroyed at trenches.
the seafloor is conserved while it spreads apart at ridges
new seafloor is formed at trenches and destroyed at ridges.
the total seafloor volume stays constant.
