Which of the following characteristics are associated with the structure and location of squatter settlements?

Undesirable land in periphery in LDC; made of metal scrap, tents, cardboard

Which is NOT a goal of the New Urbanism movement?

Decrease the amount of open public space

Which is NOT considered a criticism of New Urbanism?

Investing in these areas may not attract residents, losing developers money

Which correctly describes the difference between mixed-use development and traditional zoning practices?

Mixed-use - different land uses in same space; Trad. - strict separation

All of the following are correct about the Concentric Zone model EXCEPT

The beltway on the outside ring to allows high income people to commute

What is the main benefit of brownfield redevelopment?

Increases property value and economic gain due to reuse of valuable land

Identify the accurate push (out of rural) and pull factors (into city) associated with a city.

Push: rural to urban migration; Pull: Job opportunities

Why do countries like the United States and Canada not have primate cities?

Federal Governments - allow for even spread of services and infrastructure

How can sustainable design initiatives / smart growth policies fix the negative environmental impacts of edge cities?

Increase sidewalks and pub. transportation to decrease air pollution

All of the following are benefits to communities as a result of gentrification EXCEPT

Increase in affordable housing options

All of the following are causes of suburbanization in developed countries EXCEPT

Decreased cost of public transportation

Which of the following is the correct definition for blockbusting?

Realtors persuade white homeowners to sell by saying POC are moving in

How is the spatial organization of commercial land use different between the original CBD and that of an edge city?

CBD - mixed land use; Edge cities - specialized land for offices and retail

What are some potential negative effects of gentrification?

Loss of affordable housing and income segregation

In a less developed country, how much access to services do citizens outside the primate city have?

A low amount due to poor infrastructure and no medium cities existing

According to the Sector Model, which of the following is correct?

The low-income housing is next to industry because they provide labor

Which of the following is the correct definition and impact of redlining? (select one of each!)

Definition: Refusal by banks to loan money in certain areas, Impact: Widening wealth gap between ethnic groups

Which of the following is the main consequence of primate cities on their country’s economic development?

Uneven development, some parts of the country are underdeveloped

Which of the following is NOT a similarity North American city models share?

Newest housing is closest to the CBD

Which of the following contribute to urban-to-rural migration (push out of cities to rural areas)?

Low cost of rural land and increase in remote / telecommuting work options

What is a negative impact of inclusionary zoning?

May raise the price of market-value homes

Which of the following three models explain the distribution of activities within urban cities in LDCs?

Latin American City Model, Southeast Asian City Model, African City Model

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Questions 31

Answers

1
Which of the following is a benefit of inclusionary zoning?
Reduces economic segregation
All of these
Gives low-income families access to better opportunities (upward mobility)
Increases housing affordability for low-income families
2
Which of the following characteristics are associated with the structure and location of squatter settlements?
Undesirable land in inner city of MDCs; made of tents and cardboard
Inner city of LDCs; made of wood, stone, and metal
Undesirable land in periphery in LDC; made of metal scrap, tents, cardboard
Periphery of MDCs; made of high quality metals and wood
3
Which is NOT a goal of the New Urbanism movement?
Decrease the amount of open public space
Increase TOD, more energy-efficient transport, or more pub. transportation
Increase diversity (ages, income levels, cultures, ethnicities)
Create more sustainable cities and healthier lifestyles for residents
4
Which is NOT considered a criticism of New Urbanism?
High housing costs often price out lower-income residents
New mixed-use developments in suburbs can still perpetuate sprawl
Investing in these areas may not attract residents, losing developers money
De facto segregation or decreased diversity can occur
5
Which correctly describes the difference between mixed-use development and traditional zoning practices?
Mixed-Use zoning permits separate zones based upon economic function
Traditional zoning zones for schools while mixed-use does not
Mixed-use - different land uses in same space; Trad. - strict separation
Traditional zoning practices require multiple land-uses in the same spaces
6
All of the following are correct about the Concentric Zone model EXCEPT
The beltway on the outside ring to allows high income people to commute
This model shows 5 rings
The farthest ring is known as the commuter zone
The more income an family has, the farther away from the CBD they live
7
What is the main benefit of brownfield redevelopment?
Increases property value and economic gain due to reuse of valuable land
Eases the strain on city infrastructure
Reduces population within the city
Increases land for urban sprawl
8
Identify the accurate push (out of rural) and pull factors (into city) associated with a city.
Push: rural to urban migration; Pull: Job opportunities
Push: lack of infrastructure; Pull: high population density
Push: cultural diversity; Pull: lack of affordable housing
Push: racial diversity; Pull: better access to services
9
Converting an inner city neighborhood from a low-income, renter-occupied area to mostly wealthy, owner-occupied area
Urbanization
Urban Renewal
Gentrification
Infill Development
10
Why do countries like the United States and Canada not have primate cities?
Unitary government - controls country & doesn't let primate cities exist
They are previous colonies or colonial powers
Have one large city - dominates country economically and socially
Federal Governments - allow for even spread of services and infrastructure
11
How can sustainable design initiatives / smart growth policies fix the negative environmental impacts of edge cities?
Importing food from the CBD can work to preserve habitats
Infilling residential/retail formats to increase traffic congestion
Decreasing residential density can reduce energy consumption
Increase sidewalks and pub. transportation to decrease air pollution
12
All of the following are benefits to communities as a result of gentrification EXCEPT
Reduction in crime rates
Increase in affordable housing options
Improved quality of life due to better economic opportunities
Improved services due to increased tax base
13
All of the following are causes of suburbanization in developed countries EXCEPT
Economic decline in city centers
Commuter train lies allow people to live outside the city center
Lower costs of home ownership due to availability of land
Decreased cost of public transportation
14
All of the following attract people to metropolitan areas EXCEPT
Job opportunities
Access to services
Housing opportunities
Lower land costs
15
What factor(s) led to the development of the galactic city as an urban landscape?
(A) Decentralization and suburbanization
(B) Improved transportation systems (highways, interstates, & airports)
Both A & C
Both A & B
(C) More expensive and scarce land to develop in the suburban areas
All of the above
16
Why do squatter settlements exist in mega/metacities in LDCs?
All of these are correct
Lack of, or not strict enforcement of, land tenure laws
Lack of Affordable Housing
Mass rural-to-urban migration looking for jobs
17
Which of the following is the correct definition for blockbusting?
Private citizens take over low-income districts and improve them
Banks refuse to lend money in minority/low-income neighborhoods
Gov't takes land from private citizens to build future development projects
Realtors persuade white homeowners to sell by saying POC are moving in
18
How is the spatial organization of commercial land use different between the original CBD and that of an edge city?
CBD - mixed land use; Edge cities - specialized land for offices and retail
CBD - low density; Edge City - high density
Edge cities have more public transportation than original CBDs
Edge cities are more pedestrian-friendly than original CBDs
19
All of the following are impacts of squatter settlements EXCEPT:
lack of affordable/available housing due to increased demand
mass rural-to-urban migration
Increased air pollution from fires for cooking
Health issues - lack of sanitation, waste disposal, food-borne illnesses
20
All of the following are challenges for lower socioeconomic people living in urban areas EXCEPT
Rising Crime Rate - due to lower tax base, less officers in the area
Exurbanization
Lack of Access to Services - doctors, dentists, parks
Food Deserts
21
What are some potential negative effects of gentrification?
Loss of affordable housing and income segregation
Increase in traffic congestion and air pollution
Decrease in property values and economic growth
Lack of taxes for social services
22
In a less developed country, how much access to services do citizens outside the primate city have?
A low amount due to poor infrastructure and no medium cities existing
A low amount due to having only medium cities available
A high amount due to having small, medium, and large cities
A high amount due to advanced infrastructure
23
According to the Sector Model, which of the following is correct?
The high-income housing is next to industry as they own the factories
The low-income housing is next to industry because they provide labor
The model includes three CBDs
The model has fully formed edge cities due to decentralization
24
What is a positive impact of zoning regulations?
Zoned areas can separate noise/air pollution from residential areas
Both answer choices
Zoning regulations allow different areas to meet people’s specific needs
Neither of these answer choices
25
Which of the following is the correct definition and impact of redlining? (select one of each!)
Impact: Integration of racial and ethnic neighborhoods
Definition: Refusal by the government to loan money in certain areas
Definition: Refusal by banks to loan money in certain areas
Impact: Equal facilities and services offered by schools
Definition: Refusal by realtors to loan money in certain areas
Impact: Widening wealth gap between ethnic groups
26
Which of the following is the main consequence of primate cities on their country’s economic development?
Don't allow all regions to be part of the economy
Uneven development, some parts of the country are underdeveloped
Lack infrastructure inside the primate city and prevents global trade
Give too much money to less developed areas, creating more primate cities
27
Which of the following is NOT a similarity North American city models share?
Newest housing is closest to the CBD
Homes/Property Sizes are larger further away from the CBD
Cars are dominant transportation for those who live far away from the CBD
CBD is at or near the center of land
28
Which of the following contribute to urban-to-rural migration (push out of cities to rural areas)?
Extensive public transportation options in rural areas
Gentrification makes urban areas less appealing to wealthy residents
Low cost of rural land and increase in remote / telecommuting work options
Increased access to high-order services in rural areas
29
What is a negative impact of inclusionary zoning?
All of these
Encourages more development which causes increased amounts of urban sprawl
Encourages developers to make too many low-income housing units
May raise the price of market-value homes
30
Which of the following three models explain the distribution of activities within urban cities in LDCs?
Latin American City Model, Galactic City Model, Multiple-Nuclei Model
African City Model, European City Model, Sector Model
Latin American City Model, Galactic City Model, Multiple-Nuclei Model
Latin American City Model, Southeast Asian City Model, African City Model
31
All of the following are environmental challenges that people face in urban areas EXCEPT
Urban Canyons
Urban Heat Island
Environmental Injustice
Urban Deserts

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