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Xray Circuit
Xray Circuit
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1
Characteristic xray photons result
when an outer shell electron fills the vacancy in an inner shell
when an inner shell electron is knocked out
inner e- is knocked out and an outer shell e fills the spot in the inner
when an outer-shell electron is knocked out
2
The mA selector in the xray circuit is a type of:
rheostat
autotransformer
rectifier
step down transformer
3
the filament circuit (3-5V) regulates the flow of current to xray tube is controlled by
kV
mA
4
Photoelectric interactions
negatively affect radiographic image quality
should be reduced as close to 0 events as possible
all of the above
contribute significantly to patient dose
5
Kilovoltage creates a high _____ in the xray circuit.
Density
all of the above
Exposure
Potential difference
6
mA selector
D
J
K
L
7
The ma selector
Determines the energy of the X-ray beam
Controls the duration of exposure
Controls the number of electrons produced, heat for thermionic emmission
Determines the penetrating power of the X-ray beam
8
The function of the autotransformer is to:
vary the voltage going to the primary coil of the step-down transformer.
vary the voltage going to the primary coil of the rhetostat.
change current from AC to DC.
vary the voltage going to the primary coil of the step-up transformer.
9
What does a step-up transformer step-up?
Potential difference
Resistance
Power
Current
10
A step down transformer is necessary within the xray circuitry to
moved electrons at a high speed to the target
produce photons
increase exposure time
boil off electrons from the filament
11
A step down transformer...
Turns high voltage into low voltage
Turns low current into high current
Turns low voltage into high voltage
Turns high current into low current
12
On the xray circuit, the line voltage compensator is located
between rectifier and xray tube
on the secondary side
in the filament circuit
on the primary side
13
Compton interactions
incident photon ejects outer shell e-
incident photon ejects inner shell e-
Behaves like characteristic production
incident photon interacts with nuclues
14
The number of electrons produced within the cathode filament of the xray tube is controlled by the:
mA
kVp
seconds
15
From the Xray circuit, this represents
autotransformer
filament circuit
rectifier
step up transformer
16
At what point in the xray circuit is the rectification circuit located
Step down transformer and rheostat
Thermionic diode tube and X-ray machines
Semiconductor and valve tube
Step up transformer and X-ray tube
17
A characteristic xray is
when an electron is ejected and another moves in from outer shell
when a photon has to overcome the energy
when electrons interact with nucleus, slow down, give off energy
energy transferred in given distance by a particle moving through absorber
18
kVp selector in the xray tube circuit
exposure switch
step up transformer
autotransformer
ammeter
19
Step-up transformers
Decrease both voltage & current
Decrease voltage & Increase current
Increase both voltage & current
Increases voltage & decrease current
20
Brems are caused by:
Russian spies, aliens, and ghosts
photons getting to close to the nucleus
deflection of photons after striking an outer electron
particles that slow down or change directions near a nucleus
21
What separates the xray circuit into a primary and secondary circuit?
Generator
Step up tramsformer
Filament transformer
Rectifier
22
Where in the xray circuit is the timer located?
in the secondary circuit
before the step down transformer
between the autotransformer and step up transformer
between rectifier and xray tube
23
mA selector aka
step up transformer
diodes
filament circuit
rheostat
24
Step-down Transformer
All the above
Amperage is increased
Requires alternating current
Volatage is decreased
25
What helps maintain voltage to the xray circuit?
step up transformer
line voltage compensator
mA meter
volt meter
26
characteristic xrays
are characteristic of the voltage waveform
vary in energy as kVp is varied
are electromagnetic radiation
vary in energy as filtration is changed
27
In the xray circuit, kVp control is found between the
incoming line and the exposure switch
autotransformer and the timer circuit
exposure switch and the step up transformer
incoming line and the step down transformer
28
The timer circuit in an xray system
is located on the control panel
Is capable of short exposure times of .001 seconds
Will time out if you hold the exposure switch to long
29
The autotransformer is demonstrated by which letter?
I
B
D
J
30
Step up transformers
more turns on primary coil
increase current
more turns on secondary coil
decrease voltage
31
Timer and xray exposure switch is on the ____ circuit
step up
primary
filament
secondary
32
The device in the xray circuit that changes AC to DC is/are the
Transformers
Recifiers
Timers
Selectors
33
the first component to receive power in the xray circuit is the ________
ma meter
HVT
rectifier
autotransformer
34
During a photoelectric interaction
an outer-shell electron is ejected
an inner-shell electron is ejected
no electrons are ejected
electrons for all levels are ejected
35
the flow of electrons through the xray circuit follows this order:
auto, step up, rectifier, anode, cathode
autotransformer, step up, rectifier, cathode, anode
step up, auto, rectifier, cathode, anode
36
What is the function for rectifiers in Xray circuit?
Convert DC to AC
Convert AC to DC
37
The generator and xray tube are controlled on this side of the xray circuit
low voltage
high voltage
filament circuit
38
The control console is operated in this side of the xray circuit
high voltage
low voltage
filament circuit
39
What process most describes characteristic radiation?
incident electron interacts with nucleus
Electron ejects inner orbit electron, vacancy filled from the inner shell
Electron ejects inner orbit electron, vacancy filled from the outer shell
High energy photon interacts with inner shell electron
40
the _____ circuit provides electrons for the xray tube
autotransformer
rectifier
filament
high voltage
41
The first component to receive power in the xray circuit is the ___
mA meter
Rectifier
Autotransformer
High voltage transformer
42
Step up transformers...
Have a changing magnetic field inducing AC in secondary coil
Have more coils in the secondary than primary
Induce a potential difference by using a magnetic field
Have more coils in the primary than secondary
43
Area of the xray tube target actually bombarded with filament electrons.
actual focal spot
effective focal spot
anode heel effect
line-focus spot
44
electron cloud near the filament
filament
target
space charge
focusing cup
45
Step down transformers
increase voltage but reduce current
decrease current and voltage
Increase current and voltage
decrease voltage but increase current
46
Which best describes anode heel effect?
Absorption of part of the x-ray beam by the target track.
A phenomenon where x-ray intensity is greater under the anode.
A phenomenon where x-ray intensity is greater under the cathode.
Absorption of part of the x-ray beam by the focusing cup.
47
What causes the anode heel affect?
metal composition of the anode
angulation of the anode
electron release from the cathode
patient position
48
Step up transformers...
Decrease the current
Increase the voltage
Increase the current
Decrease the voltage
49
In which xray circuit is the autotransfomer located?
HIGH
LOW
MEDIUM
FILAMENT
50
Autotransformer sets the kVp.
True
False
51
The autotransformer is located where in the xray circuit
2 of the above
Operating Console
High Voltage Side
Low Voltage Side
52
What helps maintain voltage to the xray circuit?
line voltage compensator
mA meter
step up transformer
volt meter
53
What process most describes characteristic radiation?
Electron ejects inner orbit electron, vacancy filled from the outer shell
incident electron interacts with nucleus
High energy photon interacts with inner shell electron
Electron ejects inner orbit electron, vacancy filled from the inner shell
54
What happens in a brems interaction?
Electron interacts and kicks out a K-shell electron
The electron decelerates and changes direction
An outer shell electron replaces K-shell electron
Electron interacts with a electrostatic force field
55
Rectification uses _________ to convert AC to DC
Insulators
Conductors
Capacitors
Diodes
56
The main function of an autotransformer is
kV selector
mA selecter
both mA and kV selector
none of the above
57
What does the iron core in the xray circuit do?
insulation
Does nothing
creates magnetic field
58
Where is the rectifier located in the xray circuit?
between the timer and the step up transformer
between the step up transformer and the xray tube
between the main switch and autotransformer
between the step up transformer and step down transformer
59
What component in the electrical xray circuit controls the mA station?
Line-voltage compensator
variable transformer
variable resistor
step-up transformer
60
Why is the anode heel important?
measure to ensure the thickest part is absorbing the most x rays
all of the above
the radiograph image quality will be altered
penetrating power will be altered
61
This adjust our power to exactly 220 v in the xray circuit
autotransformer
fuse
exposure switch
line compensator
62
A step up transformer....
Decreases current
Increases current
Decreases voltage
Increases power
63
Rectification is the process of converting DC to AC.
False
True
64
Most efficient use anode heel effect when AP projection of thoracic spine would to place the patient
angle the tube 20 degrees caudal
Head at the anode side
Feet at the anode side/Head at the cathode side
Feet at the cathode side
65
The Compton electron
has enough energy to produce further interactions
doesn't have enough energy to produce further interactions
two out of the three answers
typically exits the patient as part of the remnant radiation
66
Brems occurs only if the incident electron interacts with the ______
K shell electron
Higher energy photon
Force field of the nucleus
Outer shell electron
67
Step-down transformers....
produce more amperage in the secondary than the primary
have turns ratio less than one.
all the above
are also called filament transformers
68
Compton scattering impacts:
dose to patient, tech and image quality
dose to patient, IR and SID
exposure to patient and tech only
exposure to IR only
69
The radiographer controls the autotransformer through the _______ of the operating console.
X-ray Tube
Main power switch
Exposure Timer
kVp selector
70
Autotransformers, step-down and step-up are the three types of ____________ the x-ray machine uses.
transformers
generators
exposure switches
tubes
71
Step up transformers increases
capacitance
resistance
voltage
amperage
72
On the xray circuit, the line voltage compensator is located
in the filament circuit
on the secondary side
on the primary side
between rectifier and xray tube
73
Rectification turns AC current to DC current
False
True
74
The compensator in the xray circuit uses resistors to adjust the incoming power for consistent and accurate exposures
False
True
75
At what point on the xray circuit is voltage changed to KV
step up transformer
the rectifier
filament circuit
auto transformer
76
if the xray tube is receiving AC current, what device within the xray circuit is likely responsible for this malfunction
exposure timer
step- up transformer
rectifier
step-down transformer
77
Rectification converts DC to AC
False
True
78
Step-down transformer....
fewer turns on secondary
offers less resistance
all the above
more current flow
79
What component in the electrical xray circuit controls the mA station?
variable transformer
variable resistor
step-up transformer
Line-voltage compensator
80
The ____ that is applied to the filament in a xray tube determines the # of electrons that are produced.
amount of energy
amount of pressure
amount of rotation
amount of heat
81
Rectifier is an electronic device that allows current to flow in
only one
direction
False
True
82
Step down transformers decrease
Phase
Amperage
Resistance
Voltage
83
Where is the rectifier located in the xray circuit?
between the step up transformer and step down transformer
between the main switch and autotransformer
between the step up transformer and the xray tube
between the timer and the step up transformer
84
Rectifier Role in XRay Circuit is to
Convert low voltage to high voltage
Convert AC to DC
Convert high voltage to low voltage
Convert DC to AC
85
inside the xray tube envelope you will find:
vapor
oil
air
vacuum
86
The autotransformer works on a principle called:
rectification
voltage ripple
mutual induction
self-induction
87
the term "phase" in an xray circuit refers to the :
Amplitude of waves within the circuit
number of distinct wave cycles in the circuit
number of wave cycles per second in the circuit
direction of current flow within the circuit
88
Compton interactions
incident photon interacts with nuclues
Behaves like characteristic production
incident photon ejects outer shell e-
incident photon ejects inner shell e-
89
The xray tube is part of the _____ circuit
secondary
primary
90
The milliamperage (mA) selector
controls the number of electrons produced by the filament
controls the duration of exposure
determines the penetrability of the beam
determines the energy of the beam
91
Rectifier Role in XRay Circuit is to
Convert high voltage to low voltage
Convert low voltage to high voltage
Convert DC to AC
Convert AC to DC
92
Supplies the heat required by the x-ray tube filament for thermionic emission of electrons
the filament circuit
the filament path
the filament wire
none of the above
93
photoelectric effect
characteristic cascade
total absorption
coherent scattering
Ei = Es + Eb + Eke
