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Final Exam Quiz!
Final Exam Quiz!
133 terms
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Answers
1
What is it called when the white blood cell count is above normal?
Hyperchromic
Leukophilia
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
2
What does ASCLS stand for?
Acquisitional Scrutiny of Laboratory Status
American Society of Clinical Pathology
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Scientists
3
Define dispersion:
Gradual change in control sample results
Sudden & sustained change in one direction in control sample values
When there is an upward trend in values
When random error or lack of precision increases
4
Define respiratory alkalosis.
Increasing Bicarbonate
Decrease of Bicarbonate
CO2 elimination levels are too low
Excess elimination of acid
5
Define respiratory acidosis.
Decrease of Bicarbonate (base)
Decrease of elimination of CO2 / Acid
Increasing Bicarbonate
Excess elimination of CO2
6
Specificity is defined as:
Proportion of cases without disease/condition that gives negative result
Proportion of cases with disease/condition that gives positive result
7
What is the value of the fecal occult blood test?
Detecting Colorectal cancer
Low cost
Detecting GI bleeding, Colorectal cancer, Hyperchromic anemia
Detecting bleeding in the GI system
8
What is the standard unit of length in the metric system?
Liter
Yard
Meter
Foot
9
What does ACSP stand for?
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Scientists
American Society of Clinical Pathology
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
As Conveniently Soon as Possible
10
When should urine be examined by, if preservation is not possible?
4 hours to 6 hours
6 hours to 8 hours
30 minutes to 2 hours
8 hours to 10 hours
11
Another term for RBC measurement, hematocrit, is?
Packed Cell Volume
Blood gauge
Blood titer
Peripheral Blood Film
12
Will you do well on the final exam?
YES! STOP MESSAGING ME! AHHH!
Yes, and despite thinking I suck, at this I'm actually really competent!
Yes, because I've seen all these questions before and have studied them!
Absolutely. I (the author) still believe in you, even if I get snippy.
13
Which of these can an LIS be applied to?
Processing samples
Managing automation and inventory
Managing patient data and test results
All of these answers
14
What is the standard unit of volume in the metric system?
Fluid ounce
Second
Meter
Liter
15
Free T4 is _____ and thyroid stimulating hormone is _____ in
hyper
thyroidism.
Decreased, Increased
Decreased, Decreased
Increased, Increased
Increased, Decreased
16
What is the formula for
C
elsius to
F
ahrenheit?
C° = (F° - 32 ) x 0.55
C° = (F° - 32 ) x 5 / 9
F° = (C° x 1.8) + 32
F° = (C° x 1.8) + 32
17
A reversal of the normal serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio occurs in _____ disease.
Heart
Renal
Liver
Liver and Kidneys
18
What is the purest grade of reagent water?
Type I
Type III
Type IV
Type II
19
Which of the following contributes least to an increased serum uric acid level?
Gout
Chemotherapy
Liver Disease
Renal Disease
20
What is done in Immunology/Serology?
Screens for pathogens like strep throat infections
Focuses on testing of antigens + antibodies in blood serum; HIV screens
Determines blood groups
Studies formed elements of blood & performs coagulation tests
21
Non-analytical factors in quality assessment include:
Qualified personnels & lab policies
Diabetes monitoring
Accuracy of point-of-care testing
Cervical biopsy/cytology correlation
22
When the concentration of a salt solution is equal inside & outside of an RBC, it is
hypotonic
.
False
True
23
What is the most desirable type of
routine urinalysis
specimen?
Random urine specimen at night
Catheter specimen
Fresh and first thing in the morning
After 6 - 8 hours in storage
24
A pipette that has been calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid by drainage is:
Self-filling Pipette
Graduated Pipette
Serological Pipette
Volumetric Pipette
25
Another term used for the RBC measurement, hematocrit, is Packed Cell Volume
True
False
26
Accuracy describes the closeness of the result obtained to the actual value.
True
False
27
What is the formula for
F
ahrenheit to
C
elsius?
F° = (C° x 1.8) + 32
C° = (F° - 32 ) x 5 / 9
F° = (C° x 1.8) + 32
C° = (F° - 32 ) x 0.55
28
Amylase and GGT are two enzymes used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
True
False
29
QUICK! What
anticoagulant
is used for most
hematology
?
EDTA
Sodium Citrate
Sodium Fluoride
MERCY! "Still no. : ) "
30
What is done in Immunohematology?
Screens for pathogens like strep throat infections
Focuses on testing of antigens + antibodies in blood serum; HIV screens
Determines blood groups
Studies formed elements of blood & performs coagulation tests
31
If an excess of anticoagulant is present in a specimen, what error will occur?
Agglutination reaction
Falsely raise the result
Falsely lower the result
No error
32
What should the labels on bottles include?
Proper chemical identification and Precise Amount
Storage considerations & Hazard Warnings
Date Opened and Initials of the Opener/Creator
All of these, please
33
The amplification of low levels of specific DNA sequences to higher quantities is accomplished by:
High-voltage electromagnets
Immunoglobulin Chain Reactions (ICR)
New Methylene Blue Staining
Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs)
34
What is the definition of waived testing?
Complex procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patients
Automated test that is quite complex
Complicated test that demands critical thinking
Simple procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patient
35
An immature RBC that has just lost its nucleus is referred to as a:
Rubriblast
Erythrocyte
Rubricyte
Reticulocyte
36
What is done in Clinical Chemistry?
Studies formed elements of blood & performs coagulation tests
Determines blood groups
Performs quantitative analysis of blood glucose and other substances
Focuses on testing of antigens + antibodies in blood serum; HIV screens
37
When is Type 1 reagent water to be used?
Within 6 to 8 hours
Within 30 minutes
Within 1 week of creation/opening
Immediately
38
What is the definition of moderately complex?
Simple procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patient
Very complicated test that demands critical thinking
Complex procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patients
Complicated, usually-automated tests, like blood counts
39
Theeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeee
most common type of microscope illumination system used in the clinical labor
Phase-contrast Microscope
Brightfield Microscope
Electron Microscope
Fluorescence Microscope
40
Hemoglobin consists of:
Heme, Globin
Heme, Globin, Immunoglobulins
Heme, Globin, Iron
Red Blood Cells, Iron
41
What is a major function of the kidney?
Retention of electrolytes, water, and glucose
All of these functions
Creating antibodies for immune system
Red Blood Cell production
42
What is the first line of body defense?
Sleeping
T-leukocytes and B-leukocytes
Unbroken skin and bodily fluids
Administration of antibiotics
43
Using a 2-D bar code on a label is useful because:
All of these are good
Omnidirectional scanning!
High levels of redundancy minimizes readerrors due to misprints
Can store thousands of characters
44
What is the definition of highly complex?
Complex procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patients
Very complicated test that demands critical thinking and judgement
Simple procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patient
Complicated, usually-automated tests, like blood counts
45
Quality assessment of control specimens should include all of these
except
:
Run test against previous controls
Run test against previous controls
Quality control every day
Discard control and make a fresh batch daily
46
A routine urinalysis can provide information regarding:
Monitor the effectiveness of treatment
Neither of these
Patient's general health
Both of these answers
47
Human chorionic gonadotropin found in a woman's urine sample is secreted by a fertilized egg how long after implantation
24 - 48 hours
48 - 72 hours
12 - 24 hours
1 week
48
Free T4 is _____ and thyroid stimulating hormone is _____ in
hypo
thyroidism.
Increased, Decreased
Increased, Increased
Decreased, Decreased
Decreased, Increased
49
What does NAACLS stand for?
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Scientists
American Society of Clinical Pathology
American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
Knuckles the Echidna
50
Contributory factors to which
type
of diabetes include autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells?
TypeScript Diabetes
Type III Diabetes
Type II Diabetes
Type I Diabetes
51
Sensitivity is defined as:
Proportion of cases without disease/condition that gives negative result
Proportion of cases with disease/condition that gives positive result
52
The adult reference range for fasting serum glucose is what?
70 - 130
80 - 120 mg
70 - 110 mg
60 - 100 mg
53
The primary form of nonprotein nitrogen in the blood is urea.
True
False
54
An artificial neural network simulates the way a human mind processes information.
False
True
55
Why would point-of-care testing be good for testing blood glucose?
Immediacy of treatment
Precise accuracy
None of these
Reusability of equipment
56
Fecal Occult Blood testing should be:
Detecting hemoglobin in stool
Detecting blood in serum
Detecting whole blood in stool
Detecting stool in blood
57
Sending specimens to the laboratory before antibiotic therapy is important because pathogens can contaminate the culture
True
False
58
What enzyme is highest in liver cells?
ALT
LDH
GGT
ALP
59
What is the hormone that lowers the blood glucose level by promoting
glucose
entry into cells is?
Angiotensin II
Insulin
Aldosterone
Glycogen
60
Which of these laboratory tests assists in the diagnosis of heart failure?
All of these
B-Type natriuretic (BNP)
Urea/Urea Nitrogen
Electrolytes
61
Quality control can be monitored by using:
Both of these answers, gotcha!
Levey-Jennings Charts
Neither of these answers, gotcha!
Westgard Rules
62
The definition of Köhler illumination is:
Light path through the microscope to the objective
Light path from the condenser to the slide
I really don't know; I am sorry.
Light path through the microscope to the eye of the observer
63
Quality assessment of control specimens should:
Run against previous controls
All of these should be done
Conducted daily
Be recorded daily on paper or into the LIS
64
An artificial neural network simulates the way a robot mind processes information.
True
False
65
How will reagent strips deteriorate?
If the reagent strips are kept in the darkness
If the container is left open, exposing strips to air moisture
If the reagent strips are kept too dry
If the regent strips are not aired out regularly
66
What is the total volume of blood in an average adult, approximately?
3 Liters
6 Liters
12 liters
8 Liters
67
Amylase & Lipase are two enzymes used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
True
False
68
False-
positive
fecal occult blood can be caused by:
Ingestion of cooked fruits and vegetables
Eating New York hotdogs from an unreputable and hairy vendor
Vitamin C
Eating horseradish, bananas, grapes, pears, plums, melons, turnips
69
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes are all:
Made from red blood cells
Phagocytic scavengers
Carriers of oxygen
Repair the veins as they move
70
What color will the patient's skin appear if too little oxygen is in the blood?
Purple
Red
Yellow
Blue
71
Computer interfaces are important to the laboratory for these reasons
except:
Faster Transmission
Prevention of errors / Accuracy Improvement
Direct charting of patient result
Patient Privacy
72
When the concentration of a salt solution is equal inside & outside of an RBC, it is
isotonic
.
True
False
73
Which of these is the most popular anticoagulant for complete blood counts?
Heparin
Sodium Fluoride
EDTA
Sodium Citrate
74
Your patient was
infected
with lycanthropy after being admitted to the hospital for 2 days. What is this infection?
AHH! WEREWOLF! CALL SECURITY!
Nosocomial Infection
Active Infection
Latent Infection
75
Hypoglycemia is a consequence of all of the following except:
Insulinoma
Aldosterone Production Disorder (APD)
Islet Cell Hyperplasia
Glycogen Storage Disease
76
What is
mycology
?
The study of muscle tissue
The study of heart tissue
The study of microphones
The study of yeasts or molds
77
What is done in Hematology?
Focuses on testing of antigens + antibodies in blood serum; HIV screens
Determines blood groups
Studies formed elements of blood & performs coagulation tests
Screens for pathogens like strep throat infections
78
The kidney can do all of these
except
:
Remove cell waste, nitrogenous waste, and acids in blood
Secrete Vasopressin (ADH)
Hormone Synthesis
Acid-base balance and Water balance
79
A reagent is defined as
Person appointed to administer a country because the monarch is gone
None of these answers
Substance that increases rate of chemical reaction without itself changing
Substance/compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction
80
One way to determine a control range for a particular analysis is to test assays with control for 15 - 25 days.
True
False
81
Define trend or drift:
Sudden & sustained change in one direction in control sample values
When there is no correlation between values
Gradual change in control sample results
When random error or lack of precision increases
82
Do platelets maintain the structure or integrity of the endothelium by plugging any gaps in the lining?
False
True
83
What is the term for the condition of elevated serum potassium (K+)?
HyperKalemia
Hyperglycemia
HypoKalemia
Hypertension
84
The revised CLIA '88 and HIPAA regulations give what to the patient?
All of these are fine and dandy
Right to access one's own reports
Right to grant access to reports
Protection of private medical information
85
Handheld automated equipment has been made for many applications like blood coagulation, blood gases, and _________.
Glucose, Urea, Iron levels, Electrolytes
Glucose, Urea, Electrolytes, CSF
Glucose, Urea, Hematocrit, Electrolytes
Pathogen detection
86
What is done in Microbiology?
Studies formed elements of blood & performs coagulation tests
Screens for pathogens like strep throat infections
Focuses on testing of antigens + antibodies in blood serum; HIV screens
Determines blood groups
87
The specimen of choice for β-hCG testing is:
Plasma
Serum
Fresh, clean catch urine
First morning urine sample
88
Flammable solvents should be stored:
In Special Safety Cans
Next to the incenerator
Outside the laboratory
In a Well-ventilated Cabinet
89
The ______________ is the most commonly used balance in the laboratory.
Spring Balance
Electronic Analytical Balance
Manually Operated/Mechanical Balance
None of these answers
90
The anticoagulant of choice for
glucose testing
when analysis is delayed is?
EDTA
Heparin
Sodium Fluoride
Sodium Citrate
91
Lean production of management focuses on:
Reduction of unnecessary activities
Managing a laboratory without comment
Removal of lunch breaks for more work hours
Reduction of unnecessary management
92
Which of these is not used to quantitate glucose levels?
Glucose Oxidase
Glucose Dehydrogenase
Dextrose Monohydrate
Hexokinase
93
How will the results of plasma sodium test with an ion-selection electrode (ISE) be altered if specimen is lipemic?
Decreases with indirect ISE
Increases with direct ISE
Increases with indirect ISE
Decreases with direct ISE
94
The functional (working) unit of the kidney is what?
B-lymphocyte
Neuron
Medulla
Nephron
95
A control specimen should be:
Treated the same ways as any other specimen
Both these answers
Carried through entire test procedure
Neither of these answers
96
What is it called when the white blood cell count is below normal?
Leukemia
Hyperchromic
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
97
What should you do if results violate Westgard rules?
All of these should be done
Increase retesting range for particular test
Accept the results if only a warning is violated
Reject results when mandatory rule is violated
98
Define metabolic acidosis.
Increasing Bicarbonate
Excess elimination of CO2
Decrease of Bicarbonate (base)
CO2 elimination levels are too low
99
The purpose of a material safety data sheet includes all of these reasons
except
:
Notes safe handling procedures
Lists storage and Disposal Policies
Warns of possible hazards
Helps troubleshoot laboratory machine problems
100
Urine used for pregnancy testing should be:
Aged for 2 hours, under a heat lamp
24 hour sample, to monitor hormone levels
First morning urine sample, due to highest concentration of RBCs
First morning urine sample, due to highest concentration of hormone
101
What is the definition of provider-performed microscopy (PPM)?
Complicated, usually-automated tests, like blood counts
Slide examinations of freshly collected blood specimens
Slide examinations performed only by the patient's Primary Care Provider
Simple procedures (approved by the FDA) with little/no harm to patient
102
What does ALT stand for?
Alkaline Phosphate
Angiotensin II
Alanine Aminotransferase
Alternative Blood Testing
103
Leukocytes can be differentiated by automated 5-cell differential, _____________ , and digital processing.
Reflective photometers
Agglutination reactions
Automated 3-part differential
Size, Shape, and Contents
104
Define shift:
Gradual change in control sample results
Sudden & sustained change in one direction in control sample values
When there is no correlation between values
When random error or lack of precision increases
105
How much Hemoglobin F makes up what percent of hemoglobin in an adult?
5%
3%
0%
10%
106
Each new batch of reagent should be tested with:
Controls and Standards
All of these answers
Existing Reagents
Calibrators
107
Systems for automated or semi-automated urinalysis chemical testing systems use:
Fluorescent microscopy
Electrolysis
Dehydration via autoclave
Reflectance photometers
108
The
minimum
acceptable volume of urine for
routine urinalysis
is:
10 mL
1 mL
12 mL
15 mL
109
Situational ethics is a system of judging acts:
Within the society's values
Within their context
Within categorical principles
Within company policy
110
The American Cancer Society recommends that __ fecal specimens from __ consecutive specimens for colorectal scanning.
Two, Three
Three, Three
Two, Two
Three, Two
111
Define metabolic alkalosis.
Excess elimination of CO2
Acid-rich fluids
Decrease of Bicarbonate (base)
CO2 elimination levels are too low
112
What is the fastest growing segment of laboratory testing?
Hematology
Molecular Diagonostics
All of these answers
Microbiology
113
The definition of a waived test is:
Test so fast, you're waiving them out the ddoor
Low-cost, low-accuracy test
Simple test with low risk of failure
Cleared by FDA for home use
114
What is the fastest growing segment of laboratory testing, used to analyze markers in genomes and priomes?
Serology
Hematology
Molecular Diagnostics
Microbiology
115
What are the three most highly automated areas of the clinical laboratory?
Clinical Chemistry, Immunology, Blood Bank
Clinical Chemistry, Urinalysis, Immunohematology
Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology, Immunohematology
Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Urinalysis
116
The major categories for transfusion of red blood cells include all of these
except
:
Restore blood volume
For changing your blood type
Restore coagulation & leukocyte factors
For restoring 02 carrying capacity of blood
117
A false-
negative
fecal occult blood can be caused by
Eating an orange
Eating only cooked foods
Eating too much fiber
Eating bananas, melons, and grapes
118
The purest grade of chemicals used in the preparation of reagent is:
Analytical Reagent (AR) grade
Chemically pure (CP) grade
National Formulary (NF) grade
Industrial Grade (IG) grade
119
All of these important characteristics of POCT instruments are true
except
:
Rapid Turnaround Time
Easy to Perform
Portability
High Risk of Injury to Patient
120
QUICK! What
anticoagulant
is used in
coagulation
studies?
EDTA
MERCY! "No. :D "
Sodium Citrate
Sodium Fluoride
121
Blood cells are formed in the ______ of the embryo.
Gills
Fetal Liver
Spinal cord
Primitive Yolk Sac
122
The phase-contrast microscope differs from the bright-field microscope because changes in:
Objective
Ocular, Objective, Condenser
Condenser
Objective & Condenser
123
What is the first part of a routine urinalysis?
Use a specially-treated dipstick to test the sample
Using the drained sediment, observe urine under slide
Shake the specimen jar thoroughly to mix the sediment back into the urine
Assessment of physical properties of urine (eg. color, smell, volume)
124
When should urine be examined by, if properly preserved?
4 hours to 6 hours
6 hours to 8 hours
30 minutes to 2 hours
8 hours to 10 hours
125
Which of these samples is
most
suitable for hematology testing?
Icteric (bilirubin'd) sample
Clotted sample
Hemolyzed sample
Isotonic sample
126
Osmolality measures what?
Total concentration of all the ions & molecules in serum or urine
The efforts of a cold-pill and a white blood cell against the Red Death
Molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane
Concentration of a solution expressed in solutes particles per liter
127
The magnifying powers of the usual microscope objectives are:
4x, 10x, 45x, 100x
10x, 40x, 100x, 400x
4x, 10x, 40x, 100x
1x, 10x, 40x, 100x
128
Another term used for the RBC measurement, hematocrit, is Packed Cell Collection
True
False
129
Who does the ASCLS Professional Code of Ethics state that all lab professionals have a responsibility for conduct to?
Patients
Society, in general
All of these are correct.
Colleagues and the profession
130
General functions of an LIS include all of these
except
:
Barcode Scanning
Sample Identification Scanning
Collect specimens from patient
Report results
131
The principal adult hemoglobin contains what?
2 alpha-globulin chains & 2 dextrose chains
Albumin molecules
2 alpha-globulin chains & 2 beta-globulin chains
Urea nitrogen
132
Computer hardware for an LIS system includes
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
CPU and RAM
Operating System (OS)
133
What test is used for estimation of blood glucose over 4 to 6 weeks?
A1C
CBC with differential
All of these
Fasting Blood Sugar
