Star A explodes in a supernova to be a neutron star. Star B contracts to be a white dwarf.

Star A and B had very different initial masses.

Star A is substantially more massive than Star B. Which conclusion is most likely true?

Stars A & B experience different stages in their life cycle.

How do temperature variations in cosmic background radiation provide evidence for the big bang?

variations represent density differences showing matter

Why does a siren on a vehicle approaching have a higher pitch than after is passes you.

as it approaches the sound waves are compressed.

How does redshift of most galaxies provide evidence for expansion of the universe?

it's caused by elongation of EM waves by objects moving away

What does longitude measure?

distance east or west of prime meridian

How do the four inner and outer planets compare?

inner are smaller and heavier; outer are larger and lighter

Does the big bang say the universe always existed in its current state, with a constant density

No-big bang says universe is expanding from a dense point

Does the big bang theory say the universe formed during events w/ matter and energy expanding?

no-universe formed from single expansion from very dense pt

Is it true that Earth is farthest from sun at aphelion so all Earth experiences winter at once.

No-Earth is farthest; only hemisphere tilted away has winter

What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?

Earth's axial tilt as it revolves around the sun

How are new atomic nuclei generated within stars?

Smaller atomic nuclei combine to form larger atomic nuclei.

What is the relationship between supernovae and star formation?

Matter ejected into space during supernovae forms new stars.

It is true that Earth could have formed only after at least one previous generation of stars?

Yes, planets form from matter ejected when stars explode

Frozen pieces of water(ice) are placed into a liquid and sink. What does this mean?

the liquid is less dense than water

How does the Doppler effect explain redshift of luminous objects like stars?

as star moves away, electromagnetic waves are elongated

Which values are plotted on the axes of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?

absolute magnitude, luminosity, and temperature

What does latitude measure?

distance north or south of equator

Which statement best describes the process that forms a star?

Gravity condenses cloud of gas&dust-starting nuclear fusion

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Solar System Review

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sun, stars, big bang, nebular hypothesis, moon

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Questions 38

Answers

1
What is the main source of a star's energy?
the black hole at the center of the star's galaxy
nuclear fusion
momentum due to mass and velocity
electromagnetic radiation
2
Tides on Earth are influenced by
the moon only
the sun only
both the sun and the moon
neither the moon nor the sun
3
Star A explodes in a supernova to be a neutron star. Star B contracts to be a white dwarf.
Star A and B had very different initial masses.
For most of its life cycle, Star A was brighter than Star B.
Star A and B had very similar initial masses.
For most of its life cycle, Star B was brighter than Star A.
4
Star A is substantially more massive than Star B. Which conclusion is most likely true?
Stars A & B experience similar stages in their life cycle.
Stars A & B experience different stages in their life cycle.
From Earth, star A is much brighter than star B.
From Earth, star B is much brighter than star A.
5
How do temperature variations in cosmic background radiation provide evidence for the big bang?
Variations are decreasing at predictable rate as CMB cools
variations are ↑ at predictable rate as CMB is ↑radioactive
variations represent density differences showing matter
Temp. variations represent age differences
6
Why does a siren on a vehicle approaching have a higher pitch than after is passes you.
As it approaches the sound waves are elongated.
there is no physical explanation
as it approaches the sound waves are compressed.
wave amplitude increases as it approaches
7
What is elevation?
depth below sea level
distance north or south of equator
height above sea level
distance east or west of prime meridian
8
What is the most commonly accepted hypothesis describing the origin of our solar system?
Doppler hypothesis
stellar hypothesis
nebular hypothesis
steady state hypothesis
9
The sun falls within which part of the H-R diagram?
white dwarfs
red giants
main sequence
supergiants
10
What force balances the outward force of pressure from nuclear fusion within stars?
gravity, pressure from fission, & electromagnetic radiation
pressure from nuclear fission
gravity
electromagnetic radiation
11
What are the two most common elements in the universe?
carbon and silicon
oxygen and nitrogen
iron and nickel
hydrogen and helium
12
What do concentric circles on a topographic map represent?
valleys
lakes
peaks
peaks and valleys
13
How does redshift of most galaxies provide evidence for expansion of the universe?
it's caused by cmpression of EM waves of objects moving away
it's caused by elongation of EM waves by objects moving away
It's caused by heating of objects moving to hotter areas.
It is caused by gradual cooling of objects moving away.
14
What does longitude measure?
height above sea level
depth below sea level
distance east or west of prime meridian
distance north or south of equator
15
Contour lines that are closer together on a topographic map represent
flatter land
higher altitude
steeper slopes
warmer temperatures
16
The spin of a body on it's axis is called
orbital period
rotation
revolution
axial tilt
17
Where are the highest temperatures on the H-R diagram?
top
far left
bottom
far right
18
How do the four inner and outer planets compare?
inner are larger and lighter; outer are smaller and heavier
inner are smaller and lighter; outer are larger and heavier
inner are larger and heavier; outer are smaller and lighter
inner are smaller and heavier; outer are larger and lighter
19
Does the big bang say the universe always existed in its current state, with a constant density
No-big bang says universe is contracting at predictable rate
Yes
No-big bang says universe is expanding from a dense point
No-big bang says universe is now static but had expanded
20
Which describes volume?
the mass of an object divided by space it takes up
the mass of an object
the size of an object
the space it takes up
21
Does the big bang theory say the universe formed during events w/ matter and energy expanding?
no-universe contracts until matter collides at a central pt
no-universe always existed in its current state
Yes-matter & energy expanded from several tiny dense pts
no-universe formed from single expansion from very dense pt
22
Is it true that Earth is farthest from sun at aphelion so all Earth experiences winter at once.
No-Earth closest to sun; hemisphere tilted away has winter
Yes.
No. Earth is closest to sun at aphelion, so it's summer.
No-Earth is farthest; only hemisphere tilted away has winter
23
What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?
gravitational pull by moon on Earth
gravitational pull by sun on Earth
Earth's axial tilt as it revolves around the sun
the moon's axial tilt as it revolves around Earth
24
How are new atomic nuclei generated within stars?
Smaller atomic nuclei combine to form larger atomic nuclei.
Larger atomic nuclei split to form smaller atomic nuclei.
Radioactive isotopes break down rapidly.
gravity causes aging stars to contract & produce new element
25
Which property is most important for determining a star's color?
diameter
distance from Earth
brightness
temperature
26
What is the relationship between supernovae and star formation?
supernovae initiate nuclear fusion in clouds of dust and gas
supernovae mark end of star so all matter is destroyed
Matter ejected into space during supernovae forms new stars.
supernovae produce black holes with clouds of dust and gas
27
When do the hours of daylight on Earth equal the hours of night?
aphelion
equinox
perihelion
solstice
28
What does the distance between two contour lines on a topographic map represent?
change in elevation
change in rock composition
change in longitude
change in latitude
29
Which two reference points are necessary to determine the location of an island?
elevation and longitude
altitude and elevation
elevation and latitude
latitude and longitude
30
Approximately how long ago did the big bang occur?
4.56 billion years
13.7 billion years
13.7 million years
4.56 million years
31
It is true that Earth could have formed only after at least one previous generation of stars?
No, planet and star formation are unrelated.
Yes, planets form from matter ejected when stars explode
There is no plausible theory for planet formation.
No, large planets depend on stars for energy but not Earth.
32
The most widely accepted explanation for the origin of Earth's moon is called
the fission theory
the nebular hypothesis
the big bang theory
the giant impact hypothesis
33
Frozen pieces of water(ice) are placed into a liquid and sink. What does this mean?
pure water is denser than impure water
the ice has no air bubbles trapped inside
the liquid is very hot
the liquid is less dense than water
34
Which of the following is not a phase of the moon?
waxing gibbous
first quarter
waning quarter
waxing crescent
35
How does the Doppler effect explain redshift of luminous objects like stars?
as star moves away, electromagnetic waves are elongated
As a star moves away electromagnetic waves are compressed
as star moves toward Earth, EM waves are elongated
as star moves toward Earth, EM waves are compressed
36
Which values are plotted on the axes of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?
color, density, and mass
dwarf, giant, and main sequence
absolute magnitude, luminosity, and temperature
age, brightness, and distance to Earth
37
What does latitude measure?
height above sea level
distance east or west of prime meridian
distance north or south of equator
depth below sea level
38
Which statement best describes the process that forms a star?
daughter star cleaves off parent star too massive & unstable
Gravity condenses cloud of gas&dust-starting nuclear fusion
nuclear fission splits atoms, releasing energy into space
parent star explodes in supernovae producing daughter stars

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