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Unit 2 - Cognitive Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 2 - Cognitive
Unit 2 - Cognitive
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1
We encode sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which part of brain?
long-term potentiation
parallel processing
serial position effect
explicit memory
2
Which of the following scenarios involves using cued recall?
A mnemonic device to help remember the names of all the lobes of the brain
Study word pairs and then asked to recall the second word in the pairs
Imagining walking through your kitchen and visualizing what is missing
Recognizing all of the correct answers on a MCQ Test when you see them.
3
The ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is
1:25
1:50
1:1
1:15
4
Which memory is retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called non-declarative or procedural memory.
Intermit
Transmit
Implicit
Explicit
5
What is a stimuli that are not detectable 50% of the time. They are below your absolute threshold.
Change Blindness
Inattentional Blindness
Sensory Adaptation
Subliminal
6
This is a step by step, logical procedure that guarantees solving a problem:
algorithm
insight
mental set
heuristic
7
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem.
Divergent Thinking
Insight
Convergent Thinking
Heuristic
8
Implicit (unconscious, automatic and muscle memory) is processed in the
cerebellum
amygdala
hippocampus
pons
9
To remember how to spell rhinoceros, Sam spells the word aloud 30x. She using technique known as
chunking
the serial position effect
priming
rehearsal
10
He was known for studying how quickly we forget.
Jacopo Annese
B.F. Skinner
D.B. Cooper
Hermann Ebbinghaus
11
______ is believed to be a neural basis for learning & memory. The cells increase their firing!
hippocampus
Long-term potentiation
basal ganglia
amygdala
12
Compared with adults, children and older people are more susceptible to
the misinformation effect
the self-reference effect
automatic processing
proactive interference
13
Creativity is most closely related to
framing
using algorithms
divergent thinking
perseverance
14
Sternberg's theory of Triarchic Intelligence includes all of the following except...
creative intelligence
musical intelligence
practical intelligence
analytical intelligence
15
A tendency to search for info that confirms one's preconceptions.
Prototype
Confirmation Bias
Mental Set
Algorithm
16
Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve told us that:
Memory fades slowly, then comes back
Memory fades quickly, then levels out
Memory stays intact through time
Memory is simply stored forever
17
All mental activities associated with thinking, knoing, remembering, etc.
Memory
Insight
Cognition
Creativity
18
What is it called when you make a decisions based upon characteristics from your schema or example in front of you?
Intelligence
Metacognition
Representative Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
19
By writing down class notes in your own words you are improving memory by
preventing proactive interference
encouraging parallel processing
avoiding source amnesia
encoding memory semantically
20
What is a momentary sensory memory of a visual stimuli?
Iconic Memory
Implicitm Memory
Echoic Memory
Explicit Memory
21
Our working memory is also known as our ______ memory.
Acoustic
Echoic
Long-term
Short-term
22
Which of the following occurs during long term potentiation?
Information is more easily remembered as a result of deep processing.
Mnemonic devices are used to help retrieve information.
Memories are formed as a result of transduction.
Memory improves because neural pathways are strengthened.
23
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates context-dependent memory?
In recital, practicing in short sessions, several times a day
Doing better on an exam when taking it in the same room where you study
Shooting more accurately in a archery when other people are around.
Edgar solves his jigsaw puzzles faster when he completes the edges first.
24
A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, esp. one that has worked!
Fixation
Functional Fixedness
Mental Set
Confirmation Bias
25
Stan recalls the one time he won at blackjack and this makes him eager to keep playing.
framing
representative heuristic
overconfidence
availability heuristic
26
Wendy thinks she remembers visiting Disney at 3 but she really just heard this from her sister.
misinformation effect
source amnesia
repression
deja vu
27
What is thinking about your own thinking called?
Representative Heuristic
Metacognition
Intelligence
Availability Heuristic
28
Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.
explicit; implicit
long-term; short-term
implicit; explicit
iconic; echoic
29
Short term memory is best described in which of the following ways?
memory of how to perform an activity, such as riding a bike
memory of specific events
memory of facts and general knowledge
memory that can hold only a small amount of information
30
People tend to recall the
last items on the list
when they hear a list of items - illustrates which effect
primacy effect
the spacing effect
automatic processing
a recency effect
31
Not wanting to go on a plane after 9/11 could best be explained by:
Availability Heuristic
Insight
Representative Heuristic
Heuristic
32
Repeating your locker combination over and over is an example of
elaborative rehearsal
maintenance rehearsal
working memory
echoic memory
33
Iconic memory (visual/sensory memory) lasts for:
30 minutes
1/4 or a tenth of a second
up to an hour, with practice
three or four seconds
34
Lewis Terman's studies of gifted children indicated that
they frequently have difficulty interacting with peers
they often experience psychological problems as adults
above-average emotional stability and social satisfaction in adulthood
their intelligence scores continue to increase throughout their lives
35
________ is the activation of a memory when we hear, smell, taste, or bring an item up
serial positioning
priming
mood congruency
Heuristic
36
Rehearsal is to encoding as retrieval cues are to
priming
the spacing effect.
relearning
chunking
37
What is the loss of memory or the inability to form new memories called?
Irratible Bowel Syndrome
Amnesia
Narcolepsy
Ditsy
38
Memory for factual information is known as ______ memory.
procedural
semantic
episodic
sensory
39
The explicit memory system encompasses which brain parts?
Frontal Lobes & Hippocampus
Frontal Lobes
Amygdala & Frontal Lobes
Amygdala & Hippocampus
40
Granny can't remember what day it is or who the president is, but recalls her childhood clearly
deja vu
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
41
When solving most of our day to day problems, we rely on self created or learned solutions called?
insight
confirmation bias
heuristics
intuition
42
Which researcher identified the core factor "g" for general mental ability?
Thurstone
Binet
Spearman
Galton
43
What are memories for general
facts and concepts
not linked to a specific time?
Emotional Memories
Semantic Memories
Context-Dependent Memories
Episodic Memories
44
After a head injury, a digagnosis of ______ was given b/c I couldn't remember my past.
Retrograde Amnesia
Cognition Failure
Dementia
Memory Loss
45
Emotional, Vivid, and even Scarring memories are
echoic memory
flashbulb memory
iconic memory
hierarchies
46
Some information in our fleeting ____ is encoded into short-term memory
flashbulb memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
repressed memory
47
Déjà vu refers to the
eerie sense of having previously experience situation/event.
involuntary activation of the hippocampus.
unconscious activation of particular associations in memory.
tendency to remember experiences consistent with current mood
48
I can't remember my old phone number because my new phone number keeps coming up in my head.
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
proactive interference
49
The Flynn effect says that ..
intelligence test performance will not change
intelligence test performance is remaining constant
intelligence test performance is decreasing
intelligence test performance is improving
50
The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in
storage
encoding
retrieval
iconic memory
51
In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue is an example of which encoding strategy?
Mnemonics
Chunking
Maintenance Rehearsal
Elaborative Rehearsal
52
I remember my past but cant form new memories. What do I have?
Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
53
A basic assumption underlying short term memory is that it is
resistant to decay
not under conscious control
unlimited in capacity
limited in capacity
54
Mnemonic devices make effective use of
the serial position effect.
flashbulb memory.
visual imagery.
implicit memory
55
A college entrance exam, which seeks to predict your ability to do college work ...
achievement tests
aptitude tests
personality tests
intelligence tests
56
A fill in the blank question on a test is an example of______.
Recognition
Storage
Recall
57
During the day, people unconsciously encode the sequence of day's events. This best illustrates
short-term memory
the spacing effect
automatic processing
echoic memory
58
A prototype is best defined as
the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category
the equivalent of feature abstraction
an essential element of category membership
an example of bottom-up processing
59
What is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations?
Availability Heuristic
Metacognition
Intelligence
Representative Heuristic
60
This part of the brain is important in remembering emotionally-charged events:
amygdala
cerebellum
brain stem
hippocampus
61
If you receive roughly the same score on a test after multiple administrations, it is...
reliable
psychological
standardized
valid
62
Wolfgang fell out of a truck, hit his head, and cannot remember anything prior to the accident.
anterograde amnesia
echoic amnesia
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
63
Short-term memories last for about
one week
24 hours
30 seconds
30 minutes
64
Midterms, finals, and most standardized tests, which assess your knowledge of a subject, are...
aptitude tests
achievement tests
personality tests
intelligence tests
65
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
Insight
Cognition
Concept
Prototype
66
What is a momentary sensory memory of a auditory stimuli?
Implicitm Memory
Explicit Memory
Echoic Memory
Iconic Memory
67
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.
Fixation
Mental Set
Functional Fixedness
68
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent prototypes.
Availability Heuristic
Belief Perseverance
Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
69
When information you learned at an earlier time impedes your memory for new information, it’s called
constructive memory
proactive interference
primacy effect
recovered memory
70
Binet - Simon theorized that mental aptitude is a general capacity that shows up in various ways at certain ages
reaction range
percentile score
IQ
mental age
71
The organization of information into meaningful units is called
chunking
iconic memory
the peg-word system.
automatic processing.
72
The process of getting information into memory is called
encoding
priming
registering
chunking
73
A multiple choice question on a test is an example of _____.
Relearning
Recall
Retrieval
Recognition
74
What are memories for personal events in a specific time and place?
Semantic Memories
Context-Dependent Memories
Episodic Memories
Emotional Memories
75
Which type of encoding takes thought and understanding to be encoded?
Short Term Memory
Automatic Processing
Effortful Processing
Long Term Memory
76
I ask you to imagine an ordinary chair. The mental image that comes to you is:
heuristic
intuition
prototype
concept
77
The type of intelligence that gets weaker over time that involves being able to think, reason and solve problems.…
kinesthetic intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
spatial intelligence
78
What is an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts?
Mental Set
Gestalt
Functional Fixedness
Prototype
79
The earliest efforts to measure intelligence were directed at which of the following?
predicting children’s success in school
operationally defining one theory of intelligence
testing the worth of various theoretical definitions
establishing the learning potential of French military recruits
80
Which memory is of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”.
Explicit
Complicit
Implicit
Discredit
81
Using HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior) Great Lakes or Never Eat Soggy Waffles - NSEW are examples of
mnemonics
long-term potentiation
hierarchy
concept
82
The concept of G is most accurately defined as which of the following?
one of seven fundamental abilities that determine behavior
a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests
a specific type of performance that is affected by intelligence
storehouse of knowledge and facts that we accumulate during our adult years
83
What are memories gained from a physical location where you earlier experienced that help prime your memory
retrieval
?
Emotional Memories
Semantic Memories
Context-Dependent Memories
Episodic Memories
84
People tend to recall the
first items on the list
when they hear a list of items - illustrates which effect
a recency effect
the spacing effect
automatic processing
primacy effect
85
Someone with significant mental disabilities that demonstrates certain abilities far in excess of average
Rain Man Effect
Savant Syndrome
G - Factor
Beautiful Mind Syndrome
86
I have the eerie sense that I have taken this Quiz quiz in this exact room before.
source amnesia
misinformation effect
deja vu
repression
87
The type of intelligence that involves applying acquired knowledge over time to solve problems is…
kinesthetic intelligence
spatial intelligence
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
88
What is a mental shortcut that influences how people make decisions by relying on info most readily available to them?
Metacognition
Representative Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Intelligence
89
Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?
Divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
Intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
90
What are memories from learned emotional responses to various stimuli?
Emotional Memories
Context-Dependent Memories
Episodic Memories
Semantic Memories
91
Which is most likely to lead to remembering a list of words?
visual-focusing on the length of each word
forget it-- you'll never learn those words
semantic-thinking about how each word relates to you
auditory-reading the list out loud
92
What is it called when someone retrieves memories, but are associated with the wrong time, place or person.
Caution Effect
Contradicition Effect
Misinformation Effect
Stereotype Threat