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Surgical Assisting and Anesthesia Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Surgical Assisting and Anesthesia Final Review
Surgical Assisting and Anesthesia Final Review
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1
An activated charcoal canister is least effective at removing which of the following anesthetics?
nitrous oxide
sevoflurane
desflurane
isoflurane
2
A disadvantage of using chlorhexidine as a disinfectant is chlorhexidine:
is the most effective disinfectant against viruses and most bacteria
is made ineffective in the presence of organic material.
has no residual activity
must have sufficient contact time to be effective
3
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the physical scrubbing away of soil after sx
is just as important as the antimicrobial effect of the cleaning agent used
2nd in importance only to the antimicrobial effect of the cleaning agent
sufficient cleaning in most veterinary facilities
even more important than the antimicrobial effect of the cleaning agent
4
When attempting to reverse bradycardia after Dexdomitor, which is the most appropriate drug to administer?
levetiracetam
dexmedetomidine
guaifenesin
atipamezole
5
When handing a ring-handled instrument to a surgeon, what is the most appropriate placement of the instrument?
tips of the instrument should be firmly placed in the surgeon’s palm
ring handles should be pointing toward the ceiling
ring side of the instrument should be firmly placed in the surgeon’s palm
ring handles should be pointing toward the floor
6
An aging foxhound is sent home from the hospital with plans to transition to a new Rx diet. Transition should occur over
3- to 5-day
14- to 28-day
10- to 12-day
7- to 10-day
7
Which condition is most likely to be associated with elevated plasma protein levels?
Lymphosarcoma
Inflammatory bowel disease
Parasitic disease
Pancreatic disease
8
If an endotracheal tube is longer than the thoracic inlet, there is:
a risk of increased amount of mucus in the tube
a risk of only one lung being infused with oxygen and anesthetic gas
an increased risk of mechanical dead space
a risk of fire due to the higher oxygen content
9
Post-cesarean section, an o is alerted that vaginal discharge should be expected. What are the expected characteristics?
Red with no foul odor
Green with no foul odor
Brown with a foul odor
Red with a foul odor
10
Immediately after completing the hand scrub, which is the most appropriate next step for the vet tech to take?
Dry the hands with a sterile towel.
Clean under the nails with a disposable nail pick.
Don surgical gloves.
Proceed into surgery.
11
What is cavitation?
Scrubbing effect of bubbles forming and collapsing thousands times per sec
Crevices or pits in instruments caused by debris buildup or scratches
Wearing away of the surface of an instrument with age and overuse
Rust formation from extended exposure to tap water
12
Which of the following was not a reason the ACVAA updated guidelines for anesthetic monitoring in 2009?
Monitoring equipment was more widely available
Client expectations were higher
The general standard of care had increased
Malpractice cases had increased
13
An average flow rate for isoflurane maintenance in camelids would be:
1.5% to 2.5%.
0.5% to 1%.
3.0% to 3.5%.
4.0% to 5.0%.
14
The decontamination of instruments is defined as:
HINT: a contaminant can be an inanimate object.
ridding an object of all living microbes
inhibiting or preventing the growth of microbes on living tissue
loosening biologic and other debris
manual cleaning with detergent to assist debris breakdown
15
Name the instrument being applied in the photo below.
Belfour retractor
non-penetrating towel clamp
tissue forcep
penetrating towel clamp
16
When counting a heart rate or respiratory rate, you should count each beat/inspire for 15 seconds, then multiply by 4.
True
False
17
Which surgical assistant makes an error while pouring an irrigation fluid?
Assistant D discards the remaining fluid
Assistant A places the basin at the edge of the sterile field
Assistant B holds the basin away from the sterile field
Assistant C replaces the cap to protect remaining fluid
18
Which instrument is most appropriate to have ready for an exploratory abdominal surgery on a Bernese Mountain dog?
Mayo dissecting scissors
Ferguson angiotribe
Hand chuck
Balfour retractor
19
Halogenated compounds readily enter the brain due to what factor?
High lipid solubility
Alveoli partial pressure
Diffusion
Concentration gradient
20
An anesthetic patient is swallowing and has an elevated heart rate. This is indicative of what?
the anesthetic level is inadequate; the patient is too light
these are signs of surgical plane anesthesia
the anesthetic level is inadequate; the patient is too deep
the patient was intubated incorrectly
21
The p listed below will need add'l analgesia intra-op. However, which one will be more likely to need CRI of an opioid?
Patient undergoing ear resection
Patient with multiple anastomoses
Patient undergoing a rectal procedure
Patient with poor tolerance for gas anesthesia
22
Where should sterile drapes be applied? Sterile drapes should be applied over:
the surgical table, anesthesia machine and monitoring equipment
the surgical table
the anesthesia machine
the monitoring equipment
23
During an abd explore, the tech helps the surgeon explore the “gutters.” What is the technician most likely doing?
Retracting the intestine
Palpating the liver
Expressing the gallbladder
Inspecting the inguinal rings
24
After decontamination of surgical instruments, which is the most appropriate next step?
Presoaking
Applying antiseptic
Ultrasonic cleaning
Precleaning
25
Which two agents are consistently more effective against gram-positive bacteria than against gram-negative bacteria?
Iodophors and parachlorometaxylenol
Alcohol and chlorhexidine gluconate
Triclosan and alcohol
Chlorhexidine gluconate and parachlorometaxylenol
26
Which best describes the quality of “memory” desirable in an instrument pack wrap?
It can conform to and retain (remember) the shape of the pack
It returns to its original flat position when opened
27
1st anesthetic agent used successfully in a tumor removal that created a state of insensibility and pain relief was:
diethyl ether
nitrous oxide
chloroform
halothane
28
What does WAG stand for?
waste anesthetic gas
waist anesthetic gas
29
Halogenated compounds readily enter the brain due to what factor?
High lipid solubility
Diffusion
Concentration gradient
Alveoli partial pressure
30
When first picking up a folded gown from a pack in order to put it on, hold the gown by the _____ to allow it to unfold.
shoulders
mid section
neckline
sleeves
31
A radiographs of a R radial fracture show the bone is broken in 3 places, but can be realigned. What type of fracture?
Spiral
Comminuted nonreducible
Oblique
Comminuted reducible
32
Which procedure is likely to be the most painful?
Lumbar disk surgery
Ear resection
Castration
Stabilization of a fractured femur
33
During surgery, which precaution should an un-scrubbed assistant take?
don't step between 2 sterile tables
don't step in btwn two scrubbed personnel/btwn the sterile tables
don't step between 2 sterile personnel
always face away from the sterile field
34
The drapes that are first applied to the patient during surgical draping are called...
quarter drapes
skin draping
corner draping
square draping
35
The use of injectable anesthetics as an alternative to inhalant agents in veterinary medicine began in the:
1930s
1950s
1980s
1960s
36
Which of the following is an appropriate use of a peripheral catheter?
Anesthesia induction
Extended fluid therapy
Systemic monitoring
Long-term use (>3 days)
37
When a sterile drape becomes wet it is immediately discarded and replaced because it:
causes strike-through
promotes chill and fever in the patient
poses an electrical hazard in the presence of motorized instruments
All of these
38
Which patient will potentially need the longest intravenous catheter?
A cat weighing 4 pounds with a jugular through-the-needle catheter
A cat weighing 4 pounds with a femoral over-the-needle catheter
A cat weighing 5 pounds with a cephalic butterfly catheter
A cat weighing 2 pounds with a cephalic over-the-needle catheter
39
The term REL refers to:
recommended exposure limit
reactive exposure limit
relative exposure limit
redistributed exposure limit
40
A surgeon is placing intramedullary pins in a radial fracture. What tool would she be using?
Jacob's chuck
SK rods and clamps
Kirschner-Ehmer set
Hemi-cerclage wires
41
A c is receiving postop instructions after his K9's aural hematoma repair. The drain needs removed in
4–6 weeks due to likelihood of recurrence
4–6 days since blood should clot quickly
2–3 weeks due to likelihood of recurrence
2–3 days since blood should clot quickly
42
P is showing severe signs of pain from a nephrectomy. When VT attempts to pet the p’s head, p screams in pain. This is:
hypoalgesia
nociception
allodynia
hyperalgesia
43
Which of the following class of patients is most likely to require modified anesthetic protocols?
PS 3
PS 0
PS 1
PS 2
44
A bloated rumen:
applies pressure on aorta, diaphragm, vena cava which ^ BP and RR
is not a problem in ruminant anesthesia
can lead to decreased heart rate
applies pressure on aorta, diaphragm, vena cava which decreases BP and RR
45
Which is an ideal characteristic of a disinfectant product?
Corrosive
Single spectrum
Expensive
Nonirritating
46
After denoting the signalment, which of the following information is most appropriate to ask the client?
Current supplements the animal is being given
The animal’s diet
Current medications the animal is being given
Reason for the visit
47
The organization recognized in '99 by NAVTA that offers specialization to RVTs interested in anesthesia and analgesia.
Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management
Academy of Veterinary Technician Anesthetists
American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
48
Combining isopropyl alcohol with a scrub product can cause which effect?
Alcohol contributes significantly to ^ povidone-iodine residual activity
Alcohol can contribute to thermal burns if electrocautery is used
Alcohol can contribute to hyperthermia in an anesthetized patient
Alcohols cooling effect is a clear advantage in prepping a surgical patient
49
Which is the most appropriate anatomical order for performing a physical examination?
Tail to head
Head to tail
50
Incomplete patient preparation leads to:
complications ranging from mild to life threatening
increased technician time management
better time management with young and healthy animals
increased technician efficacy in their environment
51
If the endotracheal tube extends past the thoracic inlet, what is the concern?
that only one lung is receiving gas anesthetic and O2
a risk of mechanical dead space
an increased risk of mucus building up in the endotracheal tube
52
Due to the nature of preservative-free drugs, they should be handled with aseptic technique.
False
True
53
Pain that has an exaggerated response beyond its protective usefulness is called:
pathologic pain
physiologic pain
pain threshold.
pain tolerance level.
54
Which of the following tasks is the responsibility of the surgical assistant?
Maintain instrument table. Asceptically present needle/syringe for meds
Hemostasis and tissue retraction
Administering anesthesia to the patient
Opening the outer covering of a sterile pack
55
During an OR procedure, a VT feels she is about to sneeze. Which of the following is the most appropriate action?
Step back from the sterile field; leave the room
Turn her head; stay in the sterile field
Don’t turn her head; step back from the sterile field
Turn her head; leave the room
56
Proper handling and use of alfaxalone and propofol include:
intramuscular injection as a CRI
antiseptic technique
subcutaneous injection as a premedication
refrigeration
57
Which is most appropriate to use to place a blade into a scalpel handle?
hemostats
fingers
needle holders
scissors
58
When considering the amount of post-op pain a p may experience, which factor can be assessed before the animal awakens?
The patient’s pain score
The expectation of pain associated with the procedure
The individual animal’s response to the analgesic protocol
The individual animal’s response to the procedure
59
When were anesthetic techniques refined to the point of the practical and widespread use of agents?
Early 1900s
Mid-1800s
Between the 1500s and the 1700s
In the early part of the fifteenth century BC
60
Supination means that the palm of the hand is facing down
True
False
61
The strength of the pulse of the patient would be indicative of which group of vital signs?
circulatory
heart rate and rhythm
ventilation
oxygenation
62
A disinfectant is most likely to be rendered ineffective by which of the following?
Glass
Stainless steel
Off-label dilution
Inorganic matter in the area
63
Hypnosis is
a drug-induced sleeplike state impairing the ability to respond to stimuli
a drug-induced sleeplike state where the patient cannot be roused
a complete loss of sensation
a state of complete calmness that cannot be overridden
64
The minimum database consists of the following:
history and signalment, o's income, and complete PE findings
patient name, gender, and complete physical examination findings
Hx/signalment, p’s name, PE findings, and pre-op diagnostic findings
history, signalment, PE findings, pre-op work-up results
65
A K9 is being sent home with a drain in the LHL. Which instruction is most important to relay?
The dog can return immediately to normal activity
Allowing other pets to lick the discharge area will aid in keeping it clean
Apply ice packs to the discharge area
Spread petroleum jelly over the discharge area
66
Despite pre-op analgesics, a p wakes up in discomfort. What type of pain is this? Persists despite adequate pre-op meds
physiologic
breakthrough
visceral
acute
67
Which is most likely to deactivate the effects of a chlorine-based disinfectant?
Mucus
Skin cells
Hair strands
Fecal matter
68
Which condition is most likely to be associated with elevated plasma protein levels?
Inflammatory bowel disease
Pancreatic disease
Lymphosarcoma
Parasitic disease
69
One of the key elements to a successful anesthetic procedure is:
a competent veterinarian
a skilled credentialed veterinary technician
the bond between the client and the pet
communication btwn the veterinarian, the vet tech, and the client
70
Which organization was recognized in 1999 by NAVTA and offers specialization for credentialed VTs?
American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
Academy of Veterinary Technician Anesthetists
Association of Veterinary Anesthetists
International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management
71
Halogenated compounds readily enter the brain due to what factor?
Diffusion
High lipid solubility
Alveoli partial pressure
Concentration gradient
72
What purpose does the Murphy’s eye serve on an endotracheal tube?
Used to monitor cuff inflation
Used to inflate the cuff
Prevents dead space
Minimizes the risk of patient asphyxiation
73
A patient is being positioned for surgery to the right front limb. Which best describes positioning for this patient?
R lat with RFL hanging over a rolled towel; paw taped to leg of table
dorsal recumbency w/ RFL resting over rolled towel; paw taped
Left lateral recumbency with paw tied with tape to an IV pole
ventral recumbency with right foreleg secured to the table
74
In the surgical area, mechanical friction should be used to clean:
all vertical surfaces
all horizontal surfaces
75
Which type of sterilization is considered a high-level disinfection process?
Cold sterilization
High-vacuum sterilization
Gas plasma sterilization
Ethylene oxide sterilization
76
Adding what drugs to a protocol for swine will result in a more predictable, heavier sedation and shorten anesth?
sedatives
Dissociative drugs
opioids
NSAIDs
77
A ruminant is intubated and in sx stage plane but becomes tachypneic with very shallow resps. What should be done?
Place the animal on a ventilator
Nothing; this is normal in ruminants
Administer IV anesthetic agents to deepen anesthesia
Increase inhalant anesthetic to take to a deeper stage of anesthesia
78
The scavenging system is responsible for removing WAGs from the anesthesia machine out through the central air ducts.
True
False
79
This is the appropriate way to perform a sterile surgical scrub prior to surgery.
True
False
80
The scavenger system of an anesthetic machine removes which gas from the patient?
N2O
O2
N
CO2
81
protected by clean cover apparel upon entering the surgical area to prevent contamination
Hose sleeve
Cuff syringe
Hose connector
Cuff indicator
82
Which of the following is an appropriate use of a peripheral catheter?
Systemic monitoring
Anesthesia induction
Long-term use (>3 days)
Extended fluid therapy over more than a few days
83
Which is most appropriate for long-term IV fluid administration on a severely dehydrated patient?
butterfly catheter
jugular catheter
over-the-needle catheter
extension set
84
The first step in decontamination of instruments is:
fill a basin with warm water and detergent
open all box locks and unlock ratchets
rinse each instrument with distilled water
use a wire brush to discard debris
85
The minimal amount of pain that a patient can recognize is called:
nociception
physiologic pain
pain threshold
pain tolerance level
86
In general, general anesthesia in canine and feline patients is induced and maintained via which techniques?
SQ and inhalant
SQ and IV
SQ, IM, and IV
IM, IV, and inhalant
87
Which of the following class of patients is most likely to require modified anesthetic protocols?
PS 2
PS 1
PS 3
PS 0
88
Mechanical dead space is best defined as
space in the anesth. machine where gas moves both ways, but doesn't evac
space in the endotracheal tube where condensation pools
extra space in the sodasorb canister if it isn't filled completely
space in the flutter valves where condensation accumulates
89
During sx, the vet needs to cut a sponge to fit the wound size. Which of the following surgical scissors is most approp?
Hemostat
Operating scissors
Metzenbaum scissors
Mayo scissors
90
A local anesthetic that is injected around a single major nerve is referred to as a(n)
epidural
splash block
ring block
nerve block
91
An increased sensitivity to sensation is called
hyperalgesia
central sensitization
pain threshold
hyperesthesia
92
Doxapram is considered to be in which drug category?
alpha 2 - agonist
anxiolytic
analgesic
analeptic (restorative) agent
93
When squeezing the reservoir bag, which part of the machine should be watched to avoid overinflating the p's lungs?
e-tank pressure gauge
flutter valves
pressure manometer
flowmeter
94
Which bone plating specialty instrument does the surgeon need for pre-threading a hole in a bone?
bone plate bender
depth gauge
tap
drill bit
95
An 11y K9 is being discharged after undergoing GI sx to tx intussusception. What is the first thing to provide PO?
water
dry kibble
high-fiber diet
soft food
96
Which surgical duty is generally the responsibility of a veterinary technician acting as surgical assistant?
Monitoring anesthetized patients
Billing clients for procedures
Opening the outer covering of the surgical pack
Passing instruments from the open pack to the surgeon
97
A post-op K9 has a bandaged for a wound on hock. Client is told to inspect the toes carefully each day for:
color
foul odor
color and dehiscence
dehiscence
98
A
linear foreign body
is cause for grave concern for plication. If this is suspected, check under the tongue for string.
True
False
99
Atipamezole is the nonproprietary name for which of the following drugs?
ketamine
guaifenesin
dexmedetomidine
antisedan
100
When placing a drape for a surgical procedure, a general rule of thumb is to place the drape how close to the incision?
½ to ¾ inch
¾ to 1 inch
1/8 to ¼ inch
¼ to ½ inch
101
Which of the following surgical procedures is commonly used to remove a small, smooth toy from the stomach?
colonoscopy
laparoscopy
endoscopy
esophagoscopy
102
Harold Davis is credited with suggesting the term anesthesia to describe the state of insensibility to painful stimuli.
True
False
103
An ASA P3 patients is more likely to require modified anesthetic protocols than a P2 patient.
True
False
104
It is most appropriate for the VT to clean and rinse an area with water before applying which disinfectants to the area?
Chlorine based
Phenol based
Iodine
Quaternary amine based
105
During surgery, the vet needs to cut a sponge to a particular size. Which sx scissors is most appropriate?
hemostats
bandage
operating scissors
metzenbaums
106
A K9 underwent internal fixation of the right radius. Which of the following post-op care considerations is
NOT
approp?
Food reduction for roughly 5–7 days
Sutures removed in 10–14 days
Confinement for 6–8 weeks
Radiographs taken every 4–6 weeks
107
Which of the following was not a reason the ACVAA updated guidelines for anesthetic monitoring in 2009?
Client expectations were higher
Malpractice cases had increased
The general standard of care had increased
Monitoring equipment was more widely available
108
Sedation is where a p is aware or unaware and can be roused by noxious stimuli.
True
False
109
Which type of drug has the ability to produce unconsciousness when given alone?
tranquilizers
injectable anesthetics
reversible anesthetics
induction anesthetics
110
Incomplete patient preparation leads to:
increased technician time management
better time management with young and healthy animals
increased technician efficacy in their environment.
complications ranging from mild to life threatening
111
Which part of the anesthetic machine converts the liquid inhalant anesthetic to a usable form for the patient?
ventilator
vaporizer
scavenging system
manometer
112
A new VT is instructed by his supervisor to perform terminal cleaning. Which task should the VT be prepared to do?
Stay to the end of the sx day to clean the sx and prep rooms and all equip
Disinfect and sanitize the sx equip at the end of each procedure
113
The manager notices that the metal scrub sink is becoming corroded. Which type of cleaner may have contributed?
Lysol
Bleach
Chlorhexadine
Iodine
114
WAG stands for
waste analgesic gas
waste agents and gases
waste analgesics and gases
waste anesthetic gas
115
What type of pain is defined as pain that acts as a protective mechanism that incites us to move away from the cause?
Acute
Breakthrough
Physiologic
Visceral
116
When handing over a ring handled tool, it's appropriate to hand it point toward the surgeon and facing to the ceiling.
False
True
117
Which postoperative patient is experiencing emergence delirium?
A p is restless with vocalization and can't be quieted by human interaction
A p hallucinates and attacks defensively at the first human interaction
118
Which info is most appropriate to exclude from the aftercare instructions given to a client upon discharge of the pet?
Confinement
Feeding
Estimated cost, because they've already paid
Technician’s contact information
119
What do you do if you need to sneeze/cough in the OR during a procedure?
turn your head and cough/sneeze in your elbow
back away from the sterile fields and sneeze/cough forward
exit the room first, then sneeze/cough
stand still and sneeze/cough where you are