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Final Exam Review AP Psychology 2025 Flashcards | StudBud
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Final Exam Review AP Psychology 2025
Final Exam Review AP Psychology 2025
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AP Psychology Final Exam Review
Flashcards
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Answers
1
Random sampling happens before random assignment.
True
False
2
Which variable focuses on what is being measured in an experiment?
operational
independent
dependent
confounding
3
What must be resolved according to Erikson in the adolescence stage?
Gerneratvity Vs. Stagnation
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Identity Vs. role confusion
Trust Vs. Mistrust
4
Piaget - Assimilation is.....
When a person changes their existing schema to fit new info
When a person creates a new schema due to new info
5
Fluid intelligence ____ with age and crystallized intelligence ___.
Increases, Decreases
Increases, Increases
Decreases, Increases
Decreases, Decreases
6
After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president.
belief perserverance
hindsight bias
representative heuristic
heuristic
7
According to Piaget, children understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape
conservation
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
object permanence
8
People think nothing of car rides, but are terrified to fly due to a recent news report
representative heuristic
belief perseverance
confirmation bias
availability heuristic
9
Fear of that you can't escape
somatoform disorder
claustrophobia
agoraphobia
fugue
10
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your moral values
a state of tension produced by inconsistency in your thoughts and behavior
11
In Pavlov's experiment, acquisition occurred when
before any salivation occurred at all
the dogs salivated to the bell
the dog salivated to the food only
the dogs learned that the bell and the food were associated
12
In which stage of Piaget's cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Pre-operational
Formal Operations
Sensorimotor
Conventional
13
Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n)
neutral stimulus
unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
14
Aptitude Test
measures acquired learning
accuracy
determines placement for future classes
measures ability to acquire a set of skills
15
If a child has an IQ of 125 what following statements is true
The child's mental age is higher than their chronological age.
The child has an IQ that qualifies them for giftedness.
The child's mental age and chronological age are equal.
The child's chronological age is higher than their mental age.
16
Broca's aphasia...
Difficulty speaking
Difficulty understanding speech
Difficulty walking
Difficulty breathing
17
The definition of psychology is...
study of behavior.
study of observational learning.
study of mental processes and behavior.
the study of mental process.
18
A fixed ratio schedule is when a response is reinforced after a(n)
specific number of rewards are applied
unpredictable number of responses have been made
specific time period has passed
specified number of responses have been made
19
Brain cells that analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading, and movement
feature detectors
proximity
angular gyrus
afterimage
20
What’s the difference between rods & cones?
Rods are used when shooting at night
Rods and cones are both used for low and high light vision
Rods are used for low light vision, cones are used for high
Rods are used for high light vision, cones are used for low
21
What is the main function of the temporal lobe?
Problem Solving/Planning
Auditory Processing
Sensory Processing
Visual Processing
22
Learned Helplessness
Rogers
Seligman
Lorenz
Vygotsky
23
Anti-depressants impact which neurotransmitter?
GABA
norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
24
Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups was first identified by
Behaviorists
Functionalists
Structuralists
Gestalt psychologists
25
What is a fundamental attribution error?
when one blames others for their misfortune
tendency to explain ones behavior based on internal factors
one believes he is superior to others
tendency to think everything occurs due to external factors
26
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
27
Studied insight by observing Sultan the Chimpanzee
Kohlberg
Seyle
Kohler
Vygotsky
28
Afterimages are best explained by
trichromatic theory
frequency theory
place theory
opponent-process theory
29
Sara is suffering from vision problems due to a tumor growing in which lobe?
parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital
30
Which scenario best illustrates
normative social influence
?
Maria copies her friend’s study strategy after seeing how effective it is.
Jim starts recycling more after reading a study on environmental damage.
Jamie chooses the same drink as her friend just to fit in.
Alex changes their answer on a test after realizing it is incorrect.
31
The belief that you control what happens to you through your own individual effort
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-efficacy
external locus of control
internal locus of control
32
Health Psychology is:
Understanding and predicting how stress and illness impact behavior
How patients understand health information
The use of crystals and moonlight to prevent COVID-19
Looking after mental health patients
33
Halo Effect Example: A person who is liked is judged as intelligent, competent, and honest more than they actually are.
True
False
34
Big Five personality traits
compassionate, actualized, noble, optimistic, even-tempered
collectivist, accepting, anxious, objective, empathic
esteem, oppressive, nonviolent, academic, conventional
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
35
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
Problem Solving/Planning
Auditory Processing
Visual Processing
Sensory Processing
36
Controls simple reflexes
Sensory cortex
Spinal cord
Amygdala
Cerebral cortex
37
Dissociative Identity Disorder
When a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
Occurs when a person consistently loses touch with reality
Is diagnosed when a person has delusions and hallucinations
Occurs when a person has hallucinations and flashbacks
38
Eustress is ...
Being stressed for a long period of time
Good type of stress
Bad type of stress
Being stressed for a short period of time
39
What is the social reciprocity norm?
Expectation to rely on authority figures
Expectation to help others who have helped us
Expectation to conform to group opinions
Expectation to improve personal success
40
Which of the following signals hunger?
stomach contraction
high levels of glucose
stimulation of lateral hypothalamus
stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamus
41
Top down processing
info processing guided by higher level mental processes
the study of relationships
below ones absolute threshold
conversion of energies
42
False consensus effect
The tendency to ignore dissent from others
The tendency to overlook information that contradicts one's own beliefs
Tendency to belive the popular opinion is the correct one
Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs
43
Define regression (defense mechanism)
A math equation
Reverting to a previous development stage to relieve stress
Reflecting back on an older time period for relief
Walking backwards to reach a meditative state
44
In the context of problem-solving, what is an
algorithm
?
A logical, methodical, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
A type of emotional response used to evaluate choices.
A mental shortcut that may leads to a quick solution but may be error-prone
A random trial-and-error method of decision-making.
45
Which drug is an agonist for endorphins?
Caffeine
Alcohol
Opiates
Nicotine
46
Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons?
Cell Body/Soma
Dendrites
Terminal Buttons
Axon
47
Phineas Gage suffered brain damage that altered his personality, which lobe was damaged?
temporal
frontal
parietal
occipital
48
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The number of participants involved.
49
Lawrence Kohlberg focused on the
eight stages of psychosocial development
stages of cognitive development in children
acquisition of language
stages of morality in children
50
Jen suffered trauma to the head and now suffers from memory loss. Which part is impacted?
amygdala
hippocampus
cerebellum
hypothalamus
51
According to Erikson, the issue of integrity vs. despair occurs at what time in one's life?
Infancy (to 1 year)
Middle Adulthood ( 40s-60s)
Toddlerhood (1-2 years)
Late Adulthood (late 60s and up)
52
Taste: 1 gram of table salt in 500 liters of water is the minimum detected. This is known as
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
difference threshold
feature detectors
53
According to Kohlberg, one obeys either to avoid punishment or gain rewards during which stage?
Postconventional
Initiative vs. Guilt
Preconventional
Conventional
54
Which scenario best demonstrates the principle of
shaping
in operant conditioning?
A student studies harder after receiving a bad grade on an exam.
A trainer slowly rewards a dog for behaviors almost to the desired one.
A rat presses a lever after randomly exploring and receives food.
A teacher praises a child only when they solve a math problem perfectly.
55
Substance P is involved in the
perception of pain.
release of GABA and glutamate.
the process of perception.
process of vision.
56
What is the median of the data: 6, 7, 12 , 9, 13, 5, 20?
12
7
13
9
57
Self-Serving Bias
Thinking others are always wrong
Tendency to blame yourself for past actions
Give yourself credit for success but blame others on failure
Thinking you are always right
58
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
gain freedom to make choices and align with authentic self
analyze past to free the unconscious and become aware
know and unify the inner figures within our self
replace or restructure thoughts with realistic positive ones
59
Removing a stone from your shoe that hurts while walking
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
60
The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response is
acquistion
generalization
spontaneous recovery
extinction
61
Which of the following is
required
for a study to be considered a true experiment?
Manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment
Use of naturalistic observation in a real-world setting.
Correlation between two measured variables.
A large sample size and use of survey methods.
62
Vestibular Sense
Senses that provide information on routine actions in movement like walking
Senses that provide information on movement, posture, and orientation
Senses that provide information on pain, location of injury, and severity
Senses that provide information on balance and movement
63
Tom can't create new memories due to brain trauma.
anterograde amnesia
belief perseverance
misinformation effect
retrograde amnesia
64
When you hear the word bird and think of robin, the bird is the ...
prototype
concept
schema
heuristic
65
Pick the negative correlation.
As height increases, weight increases.
As the temperature drops, heating bills increase.
As unemployment rates increase, the crime rate increases.
As class attendance goes down, exam scores also go down.
66
Phineas Gage is a great example of a _________ because it focuses on one specific person.
naturalistic observation
case study
longitudinal
correlational study
67
The part of the nervous system that calms the body is the
peripheral
parasympathetic
sympathetic
central
68
Approach-Avoidance
Forced to choose between two desirable options and liking both
Forced to choose between with a desirable/undesirable results.
Forced to choose btw two undesirable alternatives lead to negative results.
Choose btw two or more desirable alternatives lead to positive results.
69
Therapeutic method of exploring the unconscious
free association
internal locus on control
fundamental attribution error
cognitive-behavioral therapy
70
The Stanford Prison Experiment is credited to which of the following psychologists?
Freud
Milgram
Zimbardo
Skinner
71
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
72
Which of the following is an example of the representative heuristic?
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
73
Which of the following is a good example of functional fixedness?
adding water to a cake mix when it calls for milk
not being able to solve physics problem
failing to use a dime as a screwdriver
using a calculator to solve a math problem
74
What is self-efficacy?
The belief in your own ability to succeed at a task
The belief that you can achieve anything
Being self-efficient
Being self-motivated
75
Set-point theory explains why...
fertility in women decreases as they age
it is difficult to maintain significant weight loss/gain
people need to add variety to their diet to feel satiated
people preform better at specific levels of arousal
76
What is the definition of groupthink?
The tendency to accept the group's ideas in spite of individual concerns
To disagree with everyone in the group
Brainstorm with a group of people
Think about an idea for a long time, but then decide not to use it
77
Operational definitions
allow a study to be statistically significant
define variables and allow for study replication
force researchers to rely on introspection
are what the researcher changes in an experiment
