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OER Intro Statistics Chapter 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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OER Intro Statistics Chapter 1
OER Intro Statistics Chapter 1
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Answers
1
Categorical data is:
Data that deals with decimals
Data that deals with categories
Data that deals with numbers
Data that deals with with whole numbers only
2
A convenience sample is unbiased.
False
True
3
Bar graphs are best for observing...
...comparisons between groups.
...a change over time.
...percentages.
4
What do bar graphs represent?
cool information
A side by side comparison
bars
a trend of data
5
Parameter or Statistic?
Parameter
Statistic
6
Define the ordinal level of measurement.
No ordering or patterns.
Differences between measurements are not always the same.
Starting value is zero and fractions from 2 measurements.
Differences between measurements are consistent.
7
After looking at the pie chart we can say that we should eat...
... more protein and carbohydrates
... a bit of everything
... more carbohydrates and vegetables and fruits and less fats.
.... more fats in winter
8
Define descriptive statistics
arrangement of data that shows how a score occurs
None of the above
a number that indicates the average score of something
The listing and summarizing of data in an efficient way
9
This is a pie chart.
True
False
10
Calculate the relative frequency of being late
1/4
9/50
4/25
3/4
11
Relative frequency and probability
70%
14%
30%
26%
12
a Sample is
a count of part of a population
a count of a whole population
food
13
Placebo is?
Human experimental units
The explanatory variable
Sampling error
False effects of a neutral treatment
14
Self selected samples often have what type of bias?
Over-representation of individuals with strong opinions
Over-representation of individuals with internet
Self selection bias
Question bias
15
in a double blind experiment...
only the subject does not know which treatment was given
the subject knows the treatment given, not the researcher
the treatment causes blindness
the subjects and the researcher don't know the treatment
16
A Pareto chart is a type of .....
Line graph
Bar Graph
Stem and Leaf Plot
Pie graph
17
QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
18
Statistics is a science of:
organizing data
analyzing data
all of the above
collecting data
19
A systematic random sample occurs when a portion of the population is
obtained in a way that each subject has an equal chance of being selected
systematically chosen (for example, every 5th person from a list)
subdivided (grouped) into smaller subgroups
20
Parameter or Statistic?
Parameter
Statistic
21
Explanatory variable?
the price of gas
either oil price or gas price
the price of oil
the year
22
What is a convenience sample?
going to a convenience store to get your sample
when not everyone responds to the survey question
dividing up the population and choosing one group to survey
choosing individuals who are easiest to reach
23
When does Sampling Errors occur?
when there is an inappropriate sample selection or poor sample size
when it is caused by factors other than those related to sample selection
when it varies from one another due to unintended effects of the treatment
due to the experiment's inability to take the same measurement
24
While histograms are for __________ data, bar graphs are for __________ data.
Categorical and Quantitative
Large and Small
Categorical and Qualitative
Quantitative and Categorical
25
Which of the following are nonsampling errors
subjects lying on a question
subjects forgetting to answer a question
undercoverage
voluntary response
26
What is a variable?
occurring continuously over a period of time.
not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change.
Being mentally ill.
Scienceislit12
27
A representative sample is a group that...
Supports the hypothesis of the study
Closely characterizes the population being surveyed
Contains every individual in the population being surveyed
Contains at least 5% of the population being surveyed
28
What is the definition of Probability?
Likely that event (A), given that event (B) already occurred
Each event is not affected by any other event
The chance that something will happen
The likelihood of A being B
29
QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
30
Lurking/ confounding variables are?
Bias in choosing explanatory variables
Sampling error
False effects of a neutral treatment
A variable not included in analysis that affects results
31
Inferential statistics means to...
Infer something about results
Analyse results
Make a judgement or give meaning to results
Create a bar chart
32
People use self-selecting samples because
They choose only motivated people
They are representative of the population
They are fast
They are cheap
33
In statistics, population is...
a group selected from a larger group.
a sample that is randomly selected.
how many people live in any one town.
entire collection from which we collect data.
34
Advantages of Systematic Sampling
Guarantees proportional representation of groups
Simple and quick to use
Suitable for large samples/ populations
Reflects population structure
35
Which type of statistic allows for causality?
Standard deviation
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
Correlational coefficient
36
A simple random sample
allows an equal chance of being chosen
does not represent the group sampled
shows favoritism
is a voluntary biased sample
37
What is wrong with this pie chart?
No labels
The percentages do not add up to 100%
No labels and the percentages do not add up to 100%
Nothing is wrong with the pie chart
38
What is sampling with replacement?
Replacing something so the sample space stays the same
Replacing one value with another
Not putting something back after you draw it
Placing a new random value inside the data set
39
What is the control group
Group that does not change
All of the above
Group that changes
Group that keeps everything different
40
QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
