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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology Flashcards | StudBud
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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
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1
What is the role of the midbrain?
It has no purpose and can be removed if needed.
It counterbalances the hindbrain.
It relays information between hindbrain and forebrain.
It is the most advanced part of the brain.
2
The neural plate grows longer, folds onto itself until that fold forms a groove, and that groove turns into...
The medulla.
The cerebellum.
The forebrain.
The neural tube.
3
Which of these phrases is synonymous with Daniel Willingham's learning theory?
Factual knowledge precedes skill.
You are what you think.
Nothing in life comes for free.
Laughter is the best medicine.
4
Which of these is TRUE about the concrete operational stage of development (7-12y)?
The child aquires object permanence in this stage.
The child cannot solve conservation tasks.
The child becomes more egocentric.
The child acquires reversible thinking in this stage.
5
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr) might play 'Mums and Dads'. What is this an example of?
Reflective play.
Representational play.
Admiration play.
Nostalgic play.
6
According to Carol Dweck's mindset theory, which of these statements of praise would encourage a growth mindset?
"I knew you'd be top of the class because you're brilliant at everything!"
"I'm proud of you for being so amazing at spellings!"
"I'm proud of you for trying hard to spell that difficult word!"
"You're so clever and smart!"
7
Which of these is NOT true?
The hindbrain controls breathing, sleeping, sleep patterns, etc.
The hindbrain is responsible for deductive reasoning.
The hindbrain is the oldest and most basic part of the brain.
The hindbrain controls all 'automated' body systems.
8
Daniel Willingham's learning theory emphasises the importance of what?
Input and encoding.
Work and play.
Attention and concentration.
Practice and effort.
9
At around 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, the neural tube bulges into three sections. What are these?
Ear, nose and throat.
Cerebellum, medulla and pons.
Skull, neck and eyes.
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
10
Piaget suggested that children transition through four stages of development as they get older. Which of these is true?
Piaget proposed ALL children go through this at roughly the same time/age.
Piaget thought that Western children transitioned through stages earliest.
Piaget thought children jumped back and forth between these stages.
Piaget believed that socioeconomics could interfere with these transitions.
11
Which of these is NOT a part of the hindbrain?
Medulla.
Pons.
Cerebellum.
Spinal cord.
12
Which of these is an accurate definition of the formal operational stage of development (12+ years)?
A child begins to obey authority figures and dress smartly.
A child becomes interested in sports, music and drama.
A child becomes capable of logical, analytical and hypothetical thinking.
A child becomes selfless, charitable and understanding.
13
When a child alters their existing schema to include new information, this cognitive process is called...
Disequilibrium.
Assimilation.
Accommodation.
Representation.
14
Lots of Dweck's experiments - to improve grades - was carried out in artificial settings. What is a weakness of this?
Lacks ethical considerations.
Lacks mundane realism.
Lacks generalisability.
Lacks ecological validity.
15
When we practise we often improve. If this is true, why might you still have bad handwriting at the end of high school?
You spent too long texting and playing on your phone.
You were not 'practicing' handwriting, just quickly writing things down.
You're just really bad at handwriting.
You didn't work hard enough in school.
16
Which if these is NOT a strategy to support cognitive development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Teaching through the most appropriate learning style for the given task.
Relating information to already existing knowledge or understanding.
Making sure information is fully understood. (Asking questions/quizzes.)
Adapting tasks to a person's specific preferred learning style.
17
According to Dweck's mindset theory, a child with a fixed mindset is more likely to think that...
Feedback is positive because it helps us to improve on things.
Their efforts will lead to better understanding of a subject or task.
Their abilities are fixed and cannot be improved with effort.
Tough challenges are exciting opportunities for growth and development.
18
The medulla is responsible for reflex actions. Which of these is NOT controlled by the medulla?
Higher thinking.
Swallowing and breathing.
Coughing and sneezing.
Vomiting.
19
The neural plate is the foundation of a baby's brain and...
Skull.
Head.
Limbs.
Spinal cord.
20
Schemas are used in order to help us organise knowledge of the world, based on our...
Own existing knowledge and experiences.
Basic automated brain functions.
Genetic predisposition.
Own sense of self worth.
21
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support social development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Activities that help a child develop patience. (Linked to self regulation.)
Reduce distractions and have an organised space to support self-regulation.
Encourage a child to be independent so they can learn to self regulate.
Gain more followers on your social media platforms.
22
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support physical development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Practising precise movements. Eg, 'frog legs' outside the swimming pool.
Tasks that improve gross motor. Eg, balancing on a beam.
Watching YouTube videos on how to ride a bike or play football.
Tasks that improve fine motor skills. Eg, using scissors and tweezers.
23
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage are 'egocentric'. What does this mean?
They are unable to view things from a perspective other than their own.
They are intentionally selfish.
They are overly self confident.
They don't care about other people's feelings.
24
Which of these is a weakness of Willingham's learning theory?
His work has real world applications in schools and homes.
His ideas can be scientifically tested.
A child might find self regulation difficult due to their genetics.
His ideas come from many areas of neuroscience and cognitive development.
25
A child in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) is ABLE to...
Perform logical thinking tasks.
Understand conservation.
Understand object permanance. (From around 9 months old.)
View things symbolically and take part in role play activities.
26
Which of these is NOT true about the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr), according to Jean Piaget?
A child believes that everything is alive, as they are. (Animism.)
A child cannot understand or perform reversible operations.
A child is egocentric and cannot understand 'conservation'.
A child is unable understand symbolic representation.
27
According to Piaget, which of these should NOT be part of a teacher's role within the classroom?
Dominating rather than facilitating the learning process.
Offering suitable challenges so new discoveries can be made. Expand schema.
Building up difficulty of tasks with increasing cognitive abilities.
Providing tasks that are appropriate to the child's level of development.
28
Which of these is NOT a strength of Dweck's mindset theory?
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
The theory has real world applications within education.
The theory has real world applications for parents and how they praise.
Dweck's supporting evidence lacks ecological validity.
29
The forebrain is considered the highest region of the brain. It is involved in...
Controlling our heartbeat.
Processing complex information.
Helping us to blink.
Our beliefs about humanity.
30
Some children put in lots of effort and still don't improve, and some children improve with little effort. This is...
A conclusion of Dweck's mindset theory.
A result of Dweck's mindset theory.
A weakness of Dweck's mindset theory.
A strength of Dweck's mindset theory.
31
Children in the concrete operational stage (7-12y) learn to solve logical problems best through...
Considering philosophical questions.
Complex word questions because their language has developed.
Manipulating and experimenting with real objects.
Listening to parents and teachers.
32
Which of these is NOT a weakness of Dweck's mindset theory?
Some psychologists argue that Dweck "blames" the child for lack of effort.
Does not explain a child that puts in lots of effort and still struggles.
The supporting evidence lacks ecological validity. (Artificial setting.)
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
33
Children in the formal operational stage (12+ years) have a tendency to philosophise. Select an example of this.
I prefer to play video games on my own rather than with other people.
I hope my Mum will make me spaghetti for dinner tonight.
If God loves every person, why do so many people suffer?
I'm excited that my favourite show is on television tonight.
34
What is meant by the term 'schema'?
A plan to do something suddenly.
A choice we make based on our understanding.
A simplified mental representation or framework.
The ability to process mathematical equations and complex language.
35
According to Willingham's learning theory, practice helps things become automatic. Why is this important?
So we don't need to practice them ever again.
So we can be the best at something.
So we don't make any mistakes in the future.
So we have enough space in our 'working memory' to learn new things.
36
A controversial weakness of Dweck's mindset theory is that some psychologists believe the theory does what?
Accepts that all children are different and learn in different ways.
Harms children's self esteem and self confidence.
"Blames" a child for their ability, disregarding limiting socio-economics.
Acknowledges the importance of process praise over person praise.
37
Piaget's theory suggests that intelligence is developed through the cognitive processes of...
Rational, analytical, hypothetical and philosophical reasoning.
Seeing, hearing, touching and smelling.
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational.
Assimilation, disequilibrium, accommodation, equilibrium.
38
A person has suffered damage to their cerebellum. Which of these would NOT be a potential symptom?
Inability to stand up and balance well.
Inability to solve simultaneous equations.
Inability to be able to write something down.
Inability to walk properly.
39
Which of these is NOT a fact about the midbrain?
It is the most recently developed portion of our brain.
It transfers motor (movement) information from the brain to the body.
It transfers visual information from the eyes to the brain.
It transfers auditory information from the ears to the brain.
40
When a child receives new information and uses their existing schema to try to understand it, this is called...
Representation.
Disequilibrium.
Assimilation.
Accommodation.
41
How many days after conception does the neural plate form?
16 days
20 days
21 days
15 days
