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Module 4-8: Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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Module 4-8: Research Methods
Module 4-8: Research Methods
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Psychology Quiz
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
This scatterplot is an example of what correlation?
Positive correlation
Negative Correlation
No correlation
2
A confounding variable is...
The experimental factor that is manipulated
Caused by expectations alone
A factor (not independent variable) that effects the study
the outcome factor; the variable that may change
3
Which ethical principle requires participants be told about the purpose of the study afterwards
Debriefing
Informed consent
Institutional Review Board approval
Protection from physical harm
4
Which of the following is best investigated by means of a survey?
Does extra sleep improve memory?
Do people in America believe in aliens?
What is the best way to study?
5
T/F: The scientific method is a self-correcting process for asking questions and observing
False
True
6
When a data set is skewed it...
Lacks symmetry around the average value
Does not measure or predict what it was supposed to
Is symmetrical and bell-shaped
7
A scientist's willingness to admit that she is wrong is an example of
Curiosity
Humility
Cynicism
Intelligence
8
Inferential statistics is best described as...
A computed measure of scores
A stat. statement of how likely a result occurred by chance
Numerical data that allows one to generalize and predict
A representation of scores that lack symmetry
9
This scatterplot is an example of what correlation?
Positive correlation
No correlation
Negative Correlation
10
The median in a data set is...
The difference between the highest and lowest scores
The middle score in a distribution
The arithmetic average of a distribution
The most frequently occurring score(s)
11
Population is best described as...
Those being not exposed to the treatment
All those in a group being studied
Those conducting a case study
A representation of scores in a distribution
12
Which of the following is a measure of variation?
Range
Frequency
Mean
Mode
13
Which of the following heads or tails sequence is most likely to occur (flipping a coin)?
HHHTTT
All three are equally likely
HTTHTH
HHHHHH
14
An illusory correlation...
Displays a accurate relationship amongst variables
Displays a statistical index of a variable relationship
Creates a perception of a relationship where none exists
Creates a graphed cluster of dots
15
T/F: A hypothesis explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations
False
True
16
Why is an operational definition necessary when reporting research findings?
It is not necessary
It manipulates variables to discover their effects
It is easier to translate into other languages
It provides exact descriptions; allows anyone to replicate
17
Which represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
+1.3
+.3
-.75
-.85
18
Which of the following is most important when conducting survey research?
Choosing a biased sample
Choosing a sample whose answers will support your hypothesis
Choosing a large sample
Choosing a representative sample
19
This is which representation of data?
Histogram
Line graph
Pie chart
Scatterplot
20
Which of the following is NOT an example of a naturalistic observation?
Videotaping parent-child interactions in different cultures
Watching chimpanzee societies in the jungle
Recording racial differences in students' seating at lunch
Surveying a representative group of students at a college
21
What percent of scores falls between one standard deviation on either side of the mean?
34 percent
68 percent
50 percent
40 percent
22
A negative skew has a(n)...
No outlier
High outlier
Low outlier
23
The independent variable is often referred to as...
the controlled variable
the changing variable
the responding variable
the manipulated variable
24
The mode of a data set is...
the arithmetic average of a distriburion
the difference between the highest and lowest scores
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
the middle score in a distribution
25
Best representation of central tendency when the distribution of scores is skewed
Median
Mode
Range
Mean
26
This scatterplot is an example of what correlation?
No correlation
Negative Correlation
Positive correlation
27
The range of a data set is...
The middle score in a distribution
The arithmetic average of a distribution
The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distrubution
The difference between the highest and lowest scores
28
Which of the following is a potential problem with case studies?
Provide too much detail; researcher may lose track of facts
Most researchers don't have the skills to do them properly
Too expensive to be economical
Misleading because they don't fairly represent other cases
29
Which statistical measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme scores?
Mode
Correlation
Median
Mean
30
"Thinking you are getting a treatment can boost your spirits, relieve symptoms" illustrates...
Bias
Validity
Illusory correlation
The placebo effect
31
T/F: Sampling bias is a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
False
True
32
Replicate most nearly means...
Take away
Correct
To repeat
Do over
33
Which of the following is a positive correlation?
Vehicle weight increase, mpg decrease
Study time decreases, students achieve lower grades
More exercise, less likely to be obese
Self-esteem decline, depression increase
34
Which of the following is NOT a main component of scientific attitude?
Humility
Arrogance
Curiosity
Skepticism
35
In a skewed graph...
The mean, median, and mode are different values
The mean, median, and mode are the same value
36
A histogram is...
A map depicting the study of psychology
A bar graph depicting a frequency distribution
A pie chart depicting a set of data
A scatterplot showing correlation
37
A testable prediction that drives research is known as a(n)
Hypothesis
Guess
Operational Definition
Theory
38
A good theory does all of the following EXCEPT...
Organizes a range of self-reports and observations
Uses procedures that cannot be replicated for future study
Stimulates research that leads to revised theory
Leads to clear hypotheses
39
"Monday morning quarterbacks" or "I knew that all along" illustrates what
Hindsight bias
Skepticism
Critical thinking
Overconfidence
40
Which of the following is NOT an example of ethics in research?
Informed consent
Debriefing
Confidentiality
Exposure to harm/discomfort
41
In a negative correlation...
No relation between two variables
Two variables rise and fall together
Two variables inversely related; one goes up, the other down
42
In a positive correlation...
Variables inversely related; one goes up, other down
The two variables rise and fall together
There is no relation between the two varibles
43
A positive skew has a(n)...
No outlier
High outlier
Low outlier
44
This distribution is recognized as the...
Bell-shaped distribution
Skewed distribution
Range
Normal curve
45
The American Psychological Association urges researches to do all of the following EXCEPT...
Protect them from physical or emotional harm and discomfort
Fully debrief people
Tell the participants the experiment's deceptions beforehand
Obtain potential participants' informed consent
46
This is what representation of data?
Line graph
Histogram
Pie chart
Scatterplot
47
What is the tendency to exaggerate the correctness or accuracy of our beliefs prior to testing?
Overconfidence
Hindsight Bias
Critical thinking
Reliability
48
Which of the following is an example of negative correlation
Study increase, grades increase
Low IQ scores, low grades
Shoe size is not related to grades
More exercise, weigh less
49
In a normal graph...
The mean, median, and mode are different values
The mean, median, and mode are the same value
50
Correlation coefficient is...
The perception of a relationship that does not exist
A statistical index of the relationship between variables
A measure of the extent to which two variables change
A graphed cluster of dots
