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AP Psych Exam 150 Q Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Exam 150 Q
AP Psych Exam 150 Q
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1
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
2
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
fugue
conversion disorder
3
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
content
construct
absolute
4
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
centration
egocentrism
conservation
5
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
6
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
print letters
fear the dark
7
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
fluid
procedural
8
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
9
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
punishment
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
10
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
delta
beta
11
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
12
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
13
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
temperament
personality
14
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
15
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
16
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
classical conditioning
insight learning
operant conditioning
17
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
iris
cornea
vitreous humor
18
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
19
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
20
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
21
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
22
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
difficulty breathing when asleep
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
23
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
introspection
mentalism
cognition
24
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
a delusion
25
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
26
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
27
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
thyroid
28
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
29
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
30
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
food/meat powder
tone
light
31
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
cultural direction
32
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
33
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
34
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
fixation
regression
displacement
35
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
36
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
37
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
38
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
symmetry
constancy
39
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
40
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
41
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
42
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
43
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
44
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
processing
sensation
45
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
46
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
47
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
48
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
49
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
investment differentiations
display rules
50
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
51
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
52
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
53
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
54
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
55
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
56
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
57
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mode
mean
midpoint
58
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
semantic network
schema
script
59
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
brightness
saturation
60
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
61
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
62
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
63
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
64
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
dopamine
endorphin
serotonin
65
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
drive theory
incentive theory
66
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
67
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
68
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
69
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test scales
test scores
test levels
70
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
genital
latency
anal
71
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
relearning
reiteration
72
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
73
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
74
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
escape learning
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
75
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
76
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
social loafing
deindividuation
group polarization
77
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
78
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
79
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
80
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
bipolar
unipolar
dissociative
81
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the law of cognitive dissonance
82
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
the endocrine system
83
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
84
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
85
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
fear reaction
rat
rabbit
86
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
87
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
88
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
89
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
90
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
short-term
intermediate-term
sensory
91
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
spinal cord
92
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
fill-feed
tree-bird
boat-goat
93
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
94
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
95
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
96
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
reticular formation
97
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
98
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
99
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
100
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
101
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
frustration
change
pressure
102
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
103
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
104
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
representativeness
105
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
106
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
107
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
108
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
109
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
110
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
111
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
112
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
113
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
114
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
115
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
content validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
116
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
intelligence
creativity
117
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
118
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
119
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
120
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
121
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
122
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
agonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
123
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
obedience
conformity
groupthink
124
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
125
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
sadness
surprise
happiness
126
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
127
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
128
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
129
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
130
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
131
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
132
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
133
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
134
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
135
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
136
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
syntax
137
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
138
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender roles
139
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
140
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
encoded
retrieved
modeled
141
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
pitch
loudness
timbre
142
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
143
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
cocaine
marijuana
144
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
145
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
146
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
direct observation
psychological tests
147
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
148
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
stage 2
REM
stage 1
149
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
150
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
