What is the primary characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?

Starting with broad generalizations and moving to specific observations.

What does "thick description" refer to in research?

Immersing in particulars before developing broader statements and theories.

How does a "complete participant" researcher differ from a "complete observer" researcher?

They become fully affiliated with the research participants.

What is the primary focus of "epistemology" in research?

Understanding the nature of knowledge.

What is the core focus of "social construction" theory in research?

Reality and knowledge are constructed through communication and practice.

What is the main principle behind "post-positivism"?

The assumption of a single true reality.

What is the focus of "ontology" in research?

Investigating the nature of reality.

What do member diaries involve in qualitative research?

Asking participants to take notes or record personal information.

What is meant by "self-reflexivity" in research?

Considering the researcher's background and perspective.

What is the goal of achieving "reliability" in positivist research?

Consistency, replicability, and stability of findings.

What is the essence of "methodological significance" in research?

Revisiting a previously studied area with new methods.

What does "structure" refer to in research?

Enduring cultural norms and myths that shape and delimit action.

What is the primary focus of "analytic reflection" in research?

Reflecting on researchers' uncertainties and interpretations

What does the term "paradigms" refer to in the context of research?

Preferred ways of understanding reality and building knowledge.

What do "rituals" refer to in the context of cultural research?

Meaningful cultural practices performed by group members

What is the concept of "selective witnessing" in fieldwork?

Observing only specific phenomena in the research scene

What is a "visual map" in qualitative research?

A representation of a research site with participant positions.

What is the key feature of "ethnocentrism"?

One's own cultural values are superior to other groups.

In qualitative research, why are individuals being studied referred to as "participants" rather than "subjects"?

To indicate their collaborative involvement in the research process.

What is the primary focus of "phronetic research"?

Providing practical contextual knowledge and promoting social action.

What is the purpose of a "narrative tour" in the research process?

To explore a research scene's sensory details and layout.

What is the hallmark of "conceptual development" in a research project?

Developing a theory beyond existing literature.

What does the term "field" refer to in research?

All the types of spaces where one could observe a phenomenon of interest.

What is the concept of "gestalt" in research terminology?

Cultural system where the whole is more than the sum of its parts.

Who are the "participants" in a research study?

The focal people of the study, such as alumni, officers, or pledgers.

What does "feasible" mean in the context of research?

Research should be practical with the available time and resources.

In research, what does the term "backstage" refer to?

A protected area available only to insiders

What is the primary concern of "methodology" in research?

Developing strategies for data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

How are "scripts" used in qualitative research analysis?

Sequences of actions planned, memorized, and routinized

What is the primary characteristic of an "iterative approach" in research?

Alternating between existing theories and emergent data.

What does "naturalistic inquiry" involve in research?

The collection and analysis of social action in real-world contexts.

What are "in vivo terms" in qualitative research?

Terms directly from the field or participants

What are "raw records" in the context of fieldwork?

Unprocessed data collected during fieldwork

What does the term "qualitative methods" encompass?

The collection and analysis of data for meanings and patterns.

What is quantitative research?

Transforming data into mathematical models with the aim to generalize.

A "play participant" researcher engages in:

Active membership and cultural engagement in the scene

What does the "postmodern/poststructural paradigm" emphasize in its approach to knowledge and power?

Dispersed, unstable, and plural nature, allowing for resistance and change

According to the concept of the "looking-glass self," how is identity primarily formed?

Through the reactions and perceptions of others.

What does "credibility" assess in a researcher and their study?

The believability of research findings.

What is the purpose of an "access proposal" in the research process?

A proposal for scene gatekeepers describing the research project.

Who are "gatekeepers" in the research context?

Persons controlling research site access.

What is phenomenology primarily concerned with?

Reflective study of pre-reflective experiences

What does "sampling" in reguards to conducting research?

The process by which you select participants for your study.

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COMM 3312 Final Review

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Questions 61

Answers

1
What is the primary characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?
Starting with broad generalizations and moving to specific observations.
Focusing solely on external criteria for analysis.
Collecting data from field interviews.
Starting with specific observations and moving to broader generalizations.
2
Developing a working relationship with your participants is a good way to develop trust.
True
False
3
What does "phenomenon" refer to in research?
The theoretical framework of the study.
The locus or topic of study.
The overall purpose of the research.
The collection of data and observations.
4
What does "thick description" refer to in research?
Providing detailed explanations of statistical analyses.
Focusing solely on theoretical constructs.
Immersing in particulars before developing broader statements and theories.
Conducting research in multiple geographical locations.
5
How does a "complete participant" researcher differ from a "complete observer" researcher?
They only participate in controlled environments.
They maintain objectivity and detachment from the scene.
They become fully affiliated with the research participants.
They engage in direct observation from a distance.
6
What is the primary focus of "epistemology" in research?
Understanding the nature of knowledge.
Identifying key paradigms.
Investigating power dynamics within organizations.
Developing grand narratives.
7
What is the core focus of "social construction" theory in research?
Investigating the nature of reality.
Reality and knowledge are constructed through communication and practice.
Developing research methodologies.
Examining power dynamics within organizations.
8
What is the main principle behind "post-positivism"?
The belief in hierarchical relationships as normal.
The reliance on objective measurements in research.
The view that reality is constructed through communication and practice.
The assumption of a single true reality.
9
What is IRB and acromym for?
Informed Resonsibility Bias
Instructional Review Board
Does not stand for anything
Institutional Review Board
10
What is the focus of "ontology" in research?
Examining the power dynamics within organizations.
Investigating the nature of reality.
Exploring the complexity of texts.
Analyzing linguistic rules in communication.
11
What do member diaries involve in qualitative research?
Conducting interviews with research participants.
Asking participants to take notes or record personal information.
Observing participants in a natural setting.
Creating visual representations of research findings.
12
What is meant by "self-reflexivity" in research?
Ignoring personal biases during data collection.
Avoiding any interaction with research participants.
Considering the researcher's background and perspective.
Eliminating personal opinions from research findings.
13
What is the goal of achieving "reliability" in positivist research?
Consistency, replicability, and stability of findings.
Replicating research findings across contexts.
Addressing practical transformative change.
Applying statistical analysis for validity.
14
What is the essence of "methodological significance" in research?
Revisiting a previously studied area with new methods.
Applying statistical analysis for validity.
Replicating research methods.
Aligning with existing literature.
15
What does "structure" refer to in research?
The systematic inductive analysis of data.
Enduring cultural norms and myths that shape and delimit action.
The process of analyzing grand narratives.
The practice of collecting qualitative data from interviews.
16
What is the primary focus of "analytic reflection" in research?
Exploring participants' backgrounds
Documenting physical observations
Reflecting on researchers' uncertainties and interpretations
Summarizing research findings
17
What does the term "paradigms" refer to in the context of research?
The separation of structure and agency.
Preferred ways of understanding reality and building knowledge.
Developing research methodologies.
Identifying key values in a research area.
18
What do "rituals" refer to in the context of cultural research?
Regular interactions between researchers and participants
Written accounts of research activities
Meaningful cultural practices performed by group members
Recorded interviews with research participants
19
What is the concept of "selective witnessing" in fieldwork?
Observing multiple scenes simultaneously
Documenting participants' daily routines
Engaging in passive observation without interaction
Observing only specific phenomena in the research scene
20
What is a "visual map" in qualitative research?
A diagram showing statistical data trends.
A chart displaying survey responses.
An illustration of theoretical concepts.
A representation of a research site with participant positions.
21
What is the key feature of "ethnocentrism"?
Focusing solely on external criteria for analysis.
Describing behavior from the actor's point of view.
Conducting research in uncontrived field settings.
One's own cultural values are superior to other groups.
22
In qualitative research, why are individuals being studied referred to as "participants" rather than "subjects"?
To indicate their collaborative involvement in the research process.
To distance them from the research findings.
To highlight their passive role in the research process.
To emphasize their anonymity in the study.
23
Once a research question is written, it can never change.
True
False
24
What is the primary focus of "phronetic research"?
Conducting experiments in controlled environments.
Providing practical contextual knowledge and promoting social action.
Analyzing historical documents.
Developing complex theoretical models.
25
Qualitative and quantitative methods should not be mixed with each other.
True
False
26
What is the purpose of a "narrative tour" in the research process?
To track key contacts met during research.
To analyze participants' demographic and methodological data.
To conduct interviews and collect audio or video recordings.
To explore a research scene's sensory details and layout.
27
What is the hallmark of "conceptual development" in a research project?
Reliance on quantitative data.
Developing a theory beyond existing literature.
Adhering to formal generalizability.
Replicating existing theories.
28
What does the term "field" refer to in research?
The process of gathering data from participants.
All the types of spaces where one could observe a phenomenon of interest.
A theoretical framework for analyzing data.
A specific geographical or architectural area within a site.
29
What is the concept of "gestalt" in research terminology?
Cultural system where the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
A system of ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
The process of developing sensitizing concepts.
The practice of conducting cross-cultural comparisons.
30
Who are the "participants" in a research study?
The focal people of the study, such as alumni, officers, or pledgers.
The researchers conducting the study.
The readers of the research paper.
The authors of the existing theories being discussed.
31
What does "feasible" mean in the context of research?
The research project should be impractical and resource-intensive.
The research project should be theoretical and conceptual.
The research project should focus solely on existing theories.
Research should be practical with the available time and resources.
32
Qualitative research is easier than quantitative because it doesn't involve numbers.
False
True
33
In research, what does the term "backstage" refer to?
An area where researchers interact with participants
The public space where research takes place
A protected area available only to insiders
The area where research findings are presented
34
What is the primary concern of "methodology" in research?
Developing strategies for data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Exploring meaning making, ambiguity, and identity.
Identifying key values in a research area.
Investigating power dynamics within organizations.
35
How are "scripts" used in qualitative research analysis?
Verbal sequences that plan research activities
Sequences of actions planned, memorized, and routinized
As instructions for participant interaction
To describe research methodologies
36
What is the primary characteristic of an "iterative approach" in research?
Sticking to existing theories without considering new data.
Conducting research in a repetitive manner.
Focusing solely on emerging field site data.
Alternating between existing theories and emergent data.
37
What does "naturalistic inquiry" involve in research?
Conducting research exclusively through controlled experiments.
Developing grounded theories based on existing data.
Analyzing quantitative data in uncontrived settings.
The collection and analysis of social action in real-world contexts.
38
What are "in vivo terms" in qualitative research?
Terms used to define research methodologies
Jargon specific to research organizations
Terms related to statistical analysis
Terms directly from the field or participants
39
What format should your final paper be in?
TAMIU Style
APA 7
Chicago Style
MLA 10
40
What are "raw records" in the context of fieldwork?
Documentation of research methodologies
Unprocessed data collected during fieldwork
Summaries of key research findings
Completed observation forms
41
What does the term "qualitative methods" encompass?
Statistical techniques used to analyze large datasets.
The collection and analysis of data for meanings and patterns.
Approaches for studying physical phenomena and natural laws.
Methods for conducting experiments in controlled laboratory settings.
42
What is quantitative research?
Transforming data into mathematical models with the aim to generalize.
Revealing hidden truths from subcultures that are not normally heard.
Interviewing and observing people to reach a deeper level of truth.
Exploring the creation of social systems through individual actions.
43
A "play participant" researcher engages in:
Conducting surveys and questionnaires
Passive observation without participant interaction
Active membership and cultural engagement in the scene
Observing the research scene from a distance
44
What does the "postmodern/poststructural paradigm" emphasize in its approach to knowledge and power?
Dominance and submission only
Stable and singular interpretations
Dispersed, unstable, and plural nature, allowing for resistance and change
Hierarchical relationships
45
According to the concept of the "looking-glass self," how is identity primarily formed?
By conforming to societal norms and expectations.
Through personal introspection and self-discovery.
Through the reactions and perceptions of others.
Through individual experiences and achievements.
46
What does "credibility" assess in a researcher and their study?
The alignment with existing literature.
The adherence to procedural ethics.
The potential for practical transformative change.
The believability of research findings.
47
What is the purpose of an "access proposal" in the research process?
A report on the fieldplay experiences during research.
A proposal for scene gatekeepers describing the research project.
A document that highlights occasions of domination and self-subordination.
A database of contact information for key participants.
48
Who are "gatekeepers" in the research context?
Persons controlling research site access.
The individuals studied in qualitative research.
Researchers responsible for access proposals.
Participants who hold the keys to research sites.
49
What is phenomenology primarily concerned with?
Analyzing statistical data
Studying social interactions
Reflective study of pre-reflective experiences
Exploring historical events
50
What does "sampling" in reguards to conducting research?
Trying out different samples of people.
The interaction between researchers and gatekeepers.
The process by which you select participants for your study.
Snowballing
51
Inductive resoning is top-down and deductive resasoning is bottom-up.
True
False
52
What is the central focus of "objectivity" in positivist research?
Removal of individual biases from the study.
Utilizing multiple methodological approaches.
Adherence to procedural ethics.
The alignment with existing theories.
53
What is the definition of "aesthetic merit" in research?
The quality of research representations in style and presentation.
The trustworthiness of a researcher.
The adherence to categorical ethics.
The adherence to formal generalizability.
54
What room will the midterm be held in?
BH 114
Online
LBV 102
Killam Library
55
What does "transferability" allow readers to do in qualitative studies?
Apply multivocality to research findings.
Focusing on formal generalizability.
Replicating research across contexts.
Apply research findings to other works.
56
What does "crystallization" involve in research?
Reliance on a single methodological approach.
Using multiple methodological approaches and data sources.
Replicating existing research.
Focusing solely on qualitative data.
57
What's the worst way to prepare for the midterm?
Ignoring it and hoping for the best
Sucking up to the teacher
Crystals, vibrations, and astrology
Cramming all night and praying to your God(s) for strength.
58
What is the purpose of a "briefing interview" in the research process?
To formally introduce participants to each other.
To invite questions and seek advice from participants.
To analyze participant diaries.
To create opportunities for participant playfulness during interviews.
59
What is the primary goal of grounded theory?
Developing a comprehensive literature review
Conducting experiments to validate hypotheses
Creating visual representations of data
Theorizing or explaining a phenomenon from the "bottom-up"
60
What defines research carried out with "rigor"?
Adherence to formal generalizability.
Adherence to categorical ethics.
Focusing on qualitative research methods.
Consistency and discipline in research methods.
61
What is the purpose of "human subject protections" in research ethics?
Conducting experiments in controlled environments.
Protecting research participants from unethical treatment.
Ensuring the reliability of qualitative data.
Developing sensitizing concepts for qualitative research.

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