Animal Husbandry Lecture 4

Soybean and Canola meal are common protein sources

SW Asia, M East; Multi-purpose, high producer

Cheviot, Dorset, Hampshire, Terminal Sires

Red w/ "floppy" ears; Most common terminal sire used in production; 100% heterosis w/ Yorkshire x Landrace F1 female

Swine was first domesticated animal used for food almost 6,000y ago; most consumed animal protein in world

Gestation + farrowing crates are commonly brought up; CA has new requirement on sow space in gestation crate

"Type" vs. breed; Dual coats; Shorn yearly, 2.5# (20-40% ____)

5-6 at parturition should not drop off too quickly during lactation

Access or Open-range; shelter can be important; rotational grazing; can mix w/ other animals (graze brush, fence rows)

Saanen, Nubian/Anglo-Nubian, LaMancha, Alpine, Toggenburg

When paddock feed is limited (dry seasons, reduced ground cover); Finishing (concentrate-based diet)

Boer, Kiko, Myotonic ("fainting"), Spanish

What is being shown?

These genetics are used on the boar side (terminal breeding)

Ventilation; no condensation; dry and clean bedding; water and feed access

Shed, pasture

Piglets are about 1kg when they are born

Worldwide primary product; Lamb vs. Mutton; Lamb vs. Goat; Ethnic + religious holidays; farm->table, organic

Sows have a gestation period of 3m, 3w, 3d; in group or individual housing (there is no one perfect system used)

Hand milking; machine milking bucket; machine milking parlor

Visual evaluation is not adequate, must touch and feel animal; thin 1-3, moderate 4-6, fat 7-9; end of pregnancy 5-6

Identify anemic animals; GI parasites

Piglets weaned at 3-4wk; _ crates used to reduce piglet death (w/out death >30%, group not good b/c sow is aggressive)

Karakul

Swine operations follow this process; all animals are brough into barn at same time and leave at same time

Run in shed; slatted platform; wind breaks

Prevents new animals from infecting the group, and allows for cleaning of the barn in between groups

Mohair (twice year, 5.3#), delicate, lower kidding rates

East Friesian, Lacaune, Awassi

Goal is for piglets to start gaining weight; come in ~13lbs, leave 55-65lbs; group housing (10-300 pigs); aggression

OK, TX; Polyestrous

Act of parturition

Rambouillet, Merino, Debouillet

White w/ "floppy" ears; Americas sowherd; ^ milk production and piglet weight; ~90% of hybrid gilts have this bloodline

Border Leicester, Lincoln, Romney

Indigenous - TN, TX; Crossbred with other meat breads

500-700#, 6-7% fat

Europe, early "settlers"; 2300#, 3.4% fat

Spain; 2100#, 4% fat

Black w/ white ring; leaders in lean meat production; females have good maternal qualities + do well in confinement

White in color w/ erect ears; #1 recorded breed in U.S.; Maternal; Meat quality is very lean + low backfat measurements

Female pig of any age

France; Roquefort cheese

U.S. produces 11% of the total production

Swiss; 2,600#, 3.3% fat, cooler regions

Castrated male - usually done prior to 7 days of age

Wire strands (4-5 electric); Woven wire (+/- electric, $$, horned breeds); 48" high (goats); Boundary fences

New Zealand; Feral x Nubian, Toggenburg, Saanen

Gilts are usually bred at 6m; Most commercial pigs are bred with AI; once females are confirmed bred -> gestation barn

What is being shown?

Purebred x with another breed (carcass quality); Suffolk, Shropshire, Texel

Intact male - kept for breeding

Suffolk, Hampshire, Targhee, Dorset

What is being shown?

South Africa; Polyestrous

Extension of FAMACHA (blood-feeding parasites); Digestive upset + nasal discharge are addition criteria for GI parasites

Female that has farrowed one or more litters

Start of breeding season 5-6; Never have 1-3; Pregnancy toxemia + dystocia risk w/ score of 7 at end of pregnancy

Niche markets; Demand is growing

Non-ruminant; fine ground grain (700-800microns vs. 2300microns in cattle); corn, wheat, barley (starches)

Swiss, oldest known dairy breed; 2100#, 3.2% fat; cooler regions

Weight gain and carcass quality are superior in these animals

Final stage of production where animal is taken to market; >275lbs; Pigs eat 5-6lbs per day and have self feeders

N. Sudan x Anglo breeds; High temps, prolonged breeding period; 1800#, 4.9% fat