Lifespan Development Midterm

Cremation rates in the US are steadily rising and were 53.1% in 2018.

Lorenz says imprinting needs to take place @ certain, very early stage or it won't take place.

Piaget says in this stage of morality, children see justice and rules as unchangeable - immanent justice w/ imm. punish

Constucting the understanding of the world by coordinaitng tactile experiences w/ physical actions. (Piaget)

Parents, culture, school, peers, and media all play a role in children's model of gender roles.

Terminally ill patients prefer to die rather than linger in a painful or vegetative state.

Of adults nearing end of life,

Ethological Theory

This is the setting in which the individual lives; family, school, peers, religious group, etc.

Behavioral Theory

This child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and has low intensity of mood.

This child has a positive mood, easily adapts to routines & new experiences.

parenting style :high warmth, low control - child runs the show, few demands, rare punishment, friend rather than parent

Information Proccessing Theory

Plasticity is the

Preschoolers need the following

Happens w/in first yr of life, sets the stage for lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place

Things like crawling, walking, running, and jumping would be considered

Child can think in abstract and more logical terms - has images of ideals (ex. ideal parent vs my parent)(Piaget)

Happens 1-3yrs - asserting sense of independence, behavior is their own, if restrained or punished too much can be bad

Death from withholding available treatment (ex. turning off respirator) which is sustaining life

Development is

Making end of life as easy as possible, pain management, help face death in a healthy way

6+ yrs - child needs to direct enegry toward mastery of knowledge and skills, negative outcomes unproductive

Bowlby: Perference for human faces & voices, no difference btw people, social smiles(which causes love from caregiver)

Cremation is most popular in Canada followed by Japan

Intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep distrubance & problems with concentration are examples of

Bowlby: Beginning to understand that parents have plans of their own, so less concerned if they leave for a time

A. Chess & S. Thomas identified three basic types of temperment: Easy, Difficult, and fast adapting children.

Americans usually die in

The process of encasing axons w/ fat cells to speed up neurotransmitters is called

During the preschool years, most children act against culture gender roles.

The US is a death avoidant community, idolizing youth and glossing over death and giving lifelike qualities to the dead.

Part of brain w/ primary function in vision

Lifespan dev't says that development is lifelong, multidimensional, plastic, contextual & involves growth & maintanance.

Things like picking things up, eating, cutting, shape sorters would be considered

In the 1900's most people died at home.

The correlation coefficient is the number used to describe the degree of association btw two variables. (-1.00 to +1.00)

Social Cognitive Theory

The links btw a social setting where the individual doesn't have an active role and their immediate context

Psychosexual Theory

Attachment type- dazed, confused, fearful, disoriented - patterns of avoidance/resistance/fearfulness w/ caregiver

Bowlby: More intense preferences, seperation anxiety, try to follow favorite, happily greet them, fear strangers

Attachment type- exhibiting distress when seperated from caregivers, feels able to depend on adult caregivers

The culture in which the individual lives

parenting style :low warmth, high control - high value on conformity & obedience, strict, tight monitoring

middle adulthood - concern for helping younger generation

Child can perform operations, and reason logically, but can't imagine steps to complete alegbraic equation(Piaget)

Attachment type- shows no preference between caregivers and strangers

Death deliberately induced (ex. lethal dose injection of drug)

Learning something during this period promotes growth and is easier than later. (ex. language)

The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances.

Attachment Theory

parenting style : low warmth, low control - unresponsive to child's needs, absent(can be addicted to substances or work)

Ross Thompson saw young children as moral apprentices, trying to understand what is moral from parents.

Attachment type- usually become very distressed when a parent leaves, can't depend on caregiver to be there when in need

This involves the relations btw microsystems or connections btw contexts (ex. how family experiences relate to school)

If you don't learn or experience something during this period you cannot make up for it later. (ex. imprinting)

part of brain responsible for involuntary mov't, thinking, personality, intentionality, and purpose

According to _ gender dev't is w/ observation and imitation and the resulting rewards for gender appropriate action.

According to ___, gender differences result from contrasting roles of men and women.

A person is brain dead when the activity is nearly nonexistent and only the higher brain-stem functions remain.

10-20 yrs - if exploring healthy roles, they'll arrive @ positive path, but if they don't they may be unfullfilled

In terms of correlation coefficients, the following are true

Ex. puberty, retirement, menopause, etc.

Self-conscious emotions including jealousy, embarassment, pride, shame, etc. begin between 15-18months.

Most psychologists suggest that you avoid talking about death with children in order to spare their feelings.

parenting style :high warmth, high control - resonable demands, loving, listens to child's point of view

Only 48 states now accept an advanced directive/living will.

Bowlby: diff. btw human faces, preferences for some ppl, smile and babble for those they recognize, have one fav. person

Cognitive Theory

Preschoolers need 11/13 hours of sleep per day

The theory of Epigenetics tells us that environment plays a stronger role than hereditary factors.

Ex. great depression, women's rights mov'ts, WWII, technology integration, etc.

Ecological Theory

Part of brain responsible for registering spatial location, attention and motor control

Euthanasia is a type of palliative care which involves reducing pain and suffering so that you can die with dignity.

early adulthood- dev't task is to form relationships

Ex. death of parent in youth, early pregnancy, losing a home, winning the lottery, etc.

This child reacts negatively & cries frequently, has irregular routines and is slow to accept change.

Piaget says in this stage of morality, children become aware that rules are made by people & consider intentions/conseq.

Part of brain w/ active role in hearing, language, processing, and purpose

Ethological theory stresses environmental factors while ecological stresses biology.

2-7 yrs- children represent the world with words, images, and drawings but preschool child still limited. (Piaget)

3-5yrs - facing new challenges, w/ active, purposeful, responsible bahavior - if made too anxious troubles arrise

Leading death of infants in infants is SIDS with 3,000 deaths per year.

Today close to 90% of death occur in the home, which lowers the exposure of death to family members.

Normative influences include Age-graded and History-graded influences.

Harlow's monkey experiment shows that providing comfort was more indicative of attachment than just providing food.

late adulthood - reflecting on past leads to feelings of a life well spent or feelings of doubt