Erosion is most likely when the soil is

bare and exposed to wind and rain

Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of

the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals

The ecosystem approach to conservation is partly based on the idea that

a healthy biosphere requires intact ecosystems.

A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the

influence of humans on the environment.

A true statement about parasitism is that parasites

may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators

Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?

Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.

Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because

Chlorine atoms destroy many stratospheric ozone molecule

Carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined

supply of the most limited resources.

The current rate of species extinction is

attributable to the actions of humans.

must take place at extremely high temperatures

Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will

stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050

Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in

Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico

When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they

may have difficulty meeting their basic survival needs.

Which of the following statements about an organism’s habitat is not true?

Organisms can survive if taken away from habitat

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Environmental Science Final Review

75 termsStudBud Administration

Final Review

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
pesticides
oil spills
All of the above
sewage
2
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
covered with grass
planted to forest
plowed along the contour of the land
bare and exposed to wind and rain
3
Coral reefs are intricately shaped rocklike structures that are formed as a result of
minerals that are washed from land ecosystems and build up
volcanic activity is common in tropical marine environment
Gradual accumulation & fusion of skeletons of bony fish
the secretion of calcium carbonate by tiny marine animals
4
The ecosystem approach to conservation is partly based on the idea that
all rare species should be relocated to regional preserves
keystone species are genetically superior to other organisms
a healthy biosphere requires intact ecosystems.
human needs are of secondary importance
5
Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface?
hydrosphere
geosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
6
What can be done to sustain the productivity of rangeland?
Eliminate invasive plants.
Limit herd size.
Leave the land unused for a time.
All of the above
7
In what part of the world are the greatest number of extinctions occurring?
in Europe and the United States
in deserts
in tropical rain forests
in the Arctic
8
Why are mathematical models important?
All of the above
They can be used to create useful digital images
They can represent how a system or process works
They are especially useful in situations with many variables
9
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
experimental group
control group
hypothesis
variable
10
A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
interaction among living things.
influence of humans on the environment.
Both (a) and (b)
use of natural resources.
11
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
immediately kill their hosts.
may cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
are always animals and never plants.
12
Gangue minerals
have no commercial value
are the most difficult to mine
are valued for their rarity and durability
are native elements
13
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Loss of biodiversity not a concern b/c extinction are common
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.
Both (a) and (b)
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
14
Which of the following is not a strategy that could slow population growth?
legal punishments
limiting education for women
public advertising
economic incentives
15
Chlorofluorocarbon molecules are environmentally significant because
Readily break down ozone molecules produced pollution
Chlorine atoms destroy many stratospheric ozone molecule
their absorption of lethal solar energy protects Earth
they are poisonous, flammable, and corrosive to metals
16
Carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined
supply of the most limited resources.
number of individuals in the species.
distribution of the population.
reproductive potential of the species.
17
Which of the following contributes most to acid precipitation?
ethanol
burning of fossil fuels
All of the above
radon and ozone
18
Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?
biotic factors
unnecessary factors
selection factors
abiotic factors
19
Which of the following is Earth’s densest atmospheric layer?
stratosphere
mesosphere
troposphere
thermosphere
20
what percentage of species have become or are expected to become extinct between 1900 and 2100?
25 percent
60 percent
10 percent
1 percent
21
The current rate of species extinction is
slower than at any other time in this century.
attributable to the actions of humans.
the result of natural environmental processes.
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival.
22
The most energy-efficient vehicles available today are
cars that use biomass fuel
hybrid cars
fuel cell cars
cars with gasoline engines
23
Land where it is possible to grow crops is called
All of the above
organic land
vegetative land
arable land
24
What is reforestation?
removing selected trees from an area
None of the above
removing all trees from an area
replanting trees in an area
25
What is the estimated temperature of Earth’s inner core?
3,000°C to 4,000°C
4,000°C to 5,000°C
300°C to 400°C
400°C to 500°C
26
Nuclear fusion
does not release a great amount of energy
must take place at extremely high temperatures
results in nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei
must take place in low-density containers
27
Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation?
pH 7.3
pH 9.6
pH 6.0
pH 4.1
28
The relationship between a Canadian lynx and a snowshoe hare is an example of
parasite and host
competition
mutualism
predator and prey
29
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion.
increase for a short time & then decrease current levels
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050
30
An example of a population is
all animals in a forest
all plants in a forest
all maple trees in a forest
all trees in a forest
31
Which of the following is true of land-use plans?
environmentally sensitive areas may be hotly debated
All of the above
The public often has input in land-use plans
Reports assessing environmental impact of their project
32
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
killer whale
algae
krill
leopard seal
33
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
Pakistan
Canada
Mexico
India
34
Which areas of the United States represent ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity?
coastal California
Hawaiian Islands
Florida Everglades
All of the above
35
The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as an area that contains more than
250 people
2,500 people
250,000 people
25,000 people
36
The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions
artificial selection
coevolution
selective breeding
resistance
37
Much of the oil and natural gas in the United States is located in
Texas, Colorado, New York, and the Gulf of Mexico
Alaska, California, Michigan, and Nevada
Alaska, Texas, California, and the Gulf of Mexico
Alaska, Minnesota, New York, and Texas
38
Scientists use statistics to
analyze data
All of the above
graph data
communicate ideas to each other.
39
When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they
A low rate of genetic disorders b/c their gene pool is large
are less likely to compete.
become immune to infectious diseases are common in the wild
may have difficulty meeting their basic survival needs.
40
Each of the following is an example of a parasite except
a tick on a cat
a cow in a pasture
mistletoe on a tree
a roundworm in a human’s intestine
41
The distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
latitude
altitude
magnitude
longitude
42
Acid mine drainage
is unregulated in the United States
causes acid rain
harms or kills aquatic life.
purifies streams
43
The 1991 cholera outbreak in Lima, Peru was caused by
widespread malnutrition
inadequate medical care
rats and other rodents
lack of clean water
44
earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
skepticism
correlation
distribution
risk
45
Earth's various organisms appear to be
largely known to scientists
concentrated in certain biomes
mostly small vertebrates
evolving at an unprecedented rate
46
Which of the following is a developing nation?
Canada
France
Ethiopia
United States
47
Which of the following statements about an organism’s habitat is not true?
Habitat has specific characteristics organism needs to live
Organisms can survive if taken away from habitat
habitat contains biotic and abiotic factors
An organism’s habitat is the place where it lives
48
An area prone to landslides is an example of
marginal land
rangeland
rural land
open space
49
The relationship between acacia trees and the ants that live on them is an example of
mutualism
parasitism
predation
commensalism
50
Deep currents flow along the
ocean floor
thermocline
ocean surface.
halocline
51
Which of the following is not an environmental effect of deforestation?
re-establishment of trees
loss of topsoil
reduction of wildlife habitat
soil erosion
52
In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
pressure
Both (a) and (c)
radiation
temperature
53
Where do most Americans live?
on producing farms
in rural areas
There is an equal distribution of people across the land
in urban areas
54
Organisms can adapt
to other organisms
Both (a) and (b)
to their physical surroundings
Neither (a) nor (b)
55
Most of the energy consumed in the United States is used for
transportation
industrial purposes
commercial electrical needs
residential electrical needs
56
Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?
that has not been repainted or recarpeted in several years
one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned
urban area where windows are often open
one in a cool climate with a good ventilation system
57
What part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need?
biosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
58
Which of the following is not an ecosystem?
vacant lot
coral reef
oak forest
utility pole
59
Which of the following is a disadvantage for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?
not enough warm water
not enough cold water
inefficient plants
can only be done in cold areas
60
What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?
littoral zones and benthic zones
rivers and streams
lakes and ponds
marshes and swamps
61
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
stationary system
closed system
unstable system
open system
62
Which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
manufacturing
heating and cooling buildings
transportation
cooking
63
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
dredge
slag
flux
smelt
64
In the _____ zone, the water is cool and dark.
plankton
eutrophic
benthic
littoral
65
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
phytoplankton
fish
zooplankton
barnacles
66
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
statistics
mean
distribution
probability
67
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
mold appearing on bread overnight
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands after eating lichens
a bank account that earns interest
68
In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?
Kenya
Norway
Australia
Germany
69
What are wind and water erosion not likely to affect?
rocks
soil
mountains
tides
70
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Modern Age
Stone Ages
Ice Ages
Bronze and Iron Ages
71
How can zoos, botanic gardens, and wildlife parks help save species?
by participating in captive breeding programs.
Both (a) and (c)
by preserving threatened species from destruction.
by collecting species from remote wilderness areas
72
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral?
naturally occurring
atoms in random geometric patterns
usually an inorganic solid
orderly internal structure
73
All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science except
linguistics
physics and chemistry
biology and earth sciences
social sciences
74
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
decomposers
All of the above
omnivores
herbivores
75
Succession is possible because
existing plants reproduce quickly
Species make the environment less suitable for previous ones
Rapid & chaotic process is very difficult to control
climates change over time

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