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animal welfare & behavior final
animal welfare & behavior final
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1
cows benefit from calcium, phosphorus, & fluoride
False
True
2
euthanasia is most humane when exposed to high concentrations of drugs fast
True
False
3
hand-rearing after birth is:
surrogate mom
last resort
not interfering with development of mom/baby bond
important for mom to change mind
4
which definition is correct:
domestication: selectively bred in captivity for use by humans
feral: never touched by humans
tamed: animals domesticated but no longer cared for
wild: animals with lost fear of humans
5
what is this horse communicating?
annoyed
nervous
very mad
resting
6
The most important thing for a calf is ____ and the cow receives ____ liters in first 6 hours & ___ liters in first 24.
milk, 3, 6
colostrum, 2, 4
grain, 2, 4
colostrum, 3, 6
7
which of the following are benefits to clipping piglet teeth?
unclipped = increased risk of being hurt by sow due to frustration
needle teeth can cause lacerations on other pigelets
all of the below
lacerations can be caused to sow's udder
8
which definition regarding pigs/swine/hog is incorrect:
gilt = female pig that has had no piglets
barrow = male intact pig
sow = adult female pig with piglets
boar = male intact pig
9
which of the following is
not
a sign of estrus in cows?
frequent defecation
frequent urination
agitation
mounting other cows
10
which of the following is not a five freedom of animal welfare?
free to express themselves
fear and stress free
free from loneliness
free from discomfort
11
sheep and goat have a breeding season
False
True
12
which of the following is not a predator response test?
startle test (sudden stimuli & measuring reaction)
forced approach test (human moves toward animal)
predator test (animal reaction to actual predator)
conditioned fear test (negative stimulus with signal)
13
only intact male goats have scent glands
True
False
14
pigs live in matriarchal groups, where females become more solitary as they age
False
True
15
which of the following is false regarding cattle behavior:
dominance of cows associated with age, body size, horns
aggression common in uncastrated males & new moms
bulls display threats by lowering head, head butting
cows display threats by lowering head, head butting
16
dog development follows this timeline, except:
10 weeks-sexual maturity: juvenile period
14-21 days: transitioning (eyes/ears open)
0-7 day neonate period
3-10 weeks: socializtion
17
anthropomorphism is using human terms to explain animal feelings or emotions
True
False
18
horses have more abnormal behaviors than any other species
True
False
19
the flight zone gets bigger when a person makes themselves big
False
True
20
It is mutually beneficial for people and animals when they have a bond
False
True
21
stress can result in sickness behaviors such as higher/lower grooming with or without the sickness
True
False
22
lame cows on pasture recover faster than those housed indoors on concrete
True
False
23
chicken catchers & piglet vocalizations are an example of:
biological functioning
natural living
affective states
24
which are Tinbergen's questions focused on:
causation
ontogeny
adaptation
phylogeny
25
pigs spend most of their time lying, and even more time lying when not around farrowing.
True
False
26
Cattle are herd animals, and prefer to be in group rather than solitary
True
False
27
a cat with erect legs, tail down, showing side of head and body is showing:
offensive threat
defensive threat
28
which reinforcement schedule is an example of a ratio schedule?
reinforcer given after periodic time
reinforcer given after some # of responses
29
a pig that is turning fore bode away, going "anti-parallel", & fleeing is showing
aggression
defense
30
which of the following applies to lactating cows:
require 160-268% more protein than dry cows
need 100-250% more vitamin A
require 10-15% increase in protein
require more feed because growing
31
what is a alternative to declawing that is less harmful to a cat, but loses ability to extend or control claws?
nail caps
training to use scratch board
tendonectomy
clipping nails
32
mastitis is inflammation of only udder tissue
True
False
33
which term is wrongly matched?
hen = egg-laying chicken
rooster = mature male chicken
pullet = young female chicken
capon = mature female chicken
34
when does humane disposition of euthanasia occur?
death is welcome & continued existence is not attractive
balance minimal pain and distress
owner doesn't want pet
healthy animal
35
a swallow kept in a change shows behavioral change during autumn migration. its overflies = pain. what welfare concerns?
natural living
affective states
biological functioning
36
dogs, cats, rabbits, primates, & rats are born:
hiders
followers
altricial
precocial
37
which of the following does
not
result from overfeeding cows:
higher calf losses
loss of weight
trouble calving
less milk flow
38
which of the following is an internal factor influencing when or how much a calf is going to eat?
metabolic state
temperature
social factors
feed delivery time
39
which of the following is
not
a welfare need of laying hens?
litter for dust bathing
restricted space
perch
nest box
40
which of the following are important considerations for domestication?
ingestive behavior
adaptive to change
young development
social structure
41
which is true of chicken groups?
groups can't interact peacefully
form groups of 2-15
territory defended by highest ranking female
more males than females
42
pain can be defined as:
state of internal imbalance, during which overall fitness is challenged
unpleasant sensory & emotional experience with actual or potential damage
nervous system's behavioral &/or physiological response to harmful stimuli
43
animal welfare can be defined as:
all of the above
ability to express species-specific normal behaviors
adequate biological functioning
absence of - emotions such as pain/chronic fear & presence of + ones
44
layer hens are used for meat production
True
False
45
The cat in the image is showing:
anger
offensive tendency
defensive tendency
fear
46
what were Regan's views on animals?
cruelty/kindness views
indirect duty views
animals have inherent worth & should be not viewed as resources
contractarianism
47
which of the following is not a cause of structural lameness in chickens?
inactivity
fighting
breeding for rapid growth = strain on bone & muscle
legs poorly support increased weight
48
which is not a social housing style for dairy cattle:
dryly
free-stall
in cages
tie-stall
49
biological functioning = if fitness is reduced = dies or fails to grow & ability to reproduce is reduced in direct way
False
True
50
which ethical concept considers the suffering/happiness of all sentient beings equally when making ethical judgements
utilitarianism
relational approaches
animal rights approaches
contractarianism
51
which cause enterotoxemia (overeating disease) in small ruminants? (inflammation of intestines, lungs, kidneys)
compromised immunity
heavy parasite infestation
consuming large amounts of grain
conditions or diseases that slow peristalsis
52
scents are volatile = stay on surfaces for long time
False
True
53
an appeasement signal = attack or threaten to attack
False
True
54
memory relies on all except:
avoidance
memory capacity
reinforcement & consolidation
selective attention (some things more important than others)
55
farrowing is the process of giving birth in pigs
False
True
56
cows on good summer pasture need extra Vitamin A to get through the winter
True
False
57
behavior is a spontaneous mechanism
True
False
58
which of the following is an abnormal behavior of chickens?
foraging
dust bathing
perching
feather pecking
59
_____ is useful as shorter-term indicator of different levels of arousal
dopamine
cortisol
epinephrine
norepinephrine
60
harvesting low-growing plant material near ground level = _; harvesting plant material that grows well above ground = _
grazing ; browsing
browsing ; grazing
61
learning can be one-event learning or associative learning
False
True
62
an animal perceiving resource opportunity & threatening the other animal if it does not leave =
defensive aggression
avoidance
offensive aggression
submissive
63
dry cows have a 60:40 while lactating cows have a 20:80 grain:forage feed ratio
False
True
64
the optimal pig group size for minimal fighting is:
24
12
6
65
which definition is incorrect:
learning = long-term change in behavior due to an experience
learning = result of experience & interaction with one's environment
innate behavior = inflexible, determined by nervous system "hard-wiring"
innate behavior = inflexible, determined by mother's behavior
66
define working animal
only military animals
animals providing services or performing tasks for human benefit
animal paid to do a job
67
a behavior conducted without thought that is instinctual is:
learned
innate
imprinting
forced
68
which is true regarding vision?
trichromats see blue, green, ultraviolet
tetrachromats include pinnipeds, cetaceans, some nocturnal species
placental mammals are mostly dichromat
fish, birds, insects = 3 cones
69
fear underlies most dog aggression
False
True
70
excessive grooming of cats is linked to:
compulsive disorders
psychogenic alopecia
socialization
cleanliness
71
what is belly-nosing?
adult pigs pushing each other around
pigs scratching themselves for parasite removal
piglets push noses into glits/sows stomachs
stereotypic behavior in piglets
72
mulesing is used to prevent Blowfly strikes by shaving wool around face
False
True
73
what is the
primary
motivation behind excessive barking for dogs?
natural response
physical problem
boredom or anxiety
defending one's territory
74
why do pigs bark?
hurt
dominant to submissive
response to rooting or familiar sounds
arousal
75
the five domains include nutrition, physical environment, health, behavioral interaction, & mental/affective state
False
True
76
what ethical principle: scientists want to vaccinate raccoons against rabies, benefits raccoon but motivation is people
utilitarianism
indirect duty
cruelty/kindness
contractarianism
77
cattle originated from both
Bos indicus
&
Bos taurus
True
False
78
pigs can remember their conspecifics for up to a month & will show aggression if mixed in with new pigs
False
True
79
dogs rely more on vision than other species
False
True
80
fly snapping in dogs is an example of:
redirected behavior
displacement behavior
vacuum activity
intention movements
81
which of the following is not a feline personality type?
anxious-avoidant
shy-fearful
active-aggressive
friendly-trusting
82
an unacceptable method of equine euthanasia is:
chloral hydrate
use of catheter
pre-euthanasia sedative
Phenobarbital
83
stereotypies are repetitive
True
False
84
which major group of dog is wrongly matched to the development of it?
hound dogs = developed for hunting & tracking by sight/scent
sporting dogs = developed for hunting game
terriers dogs = developed to hunt underground
working dogs = developed to assist in managing livestock
85
which of the following lead to high rank in a hierarchy?
rank of parents
sex (typically M>F)
size (bigger)
age (older)
86
cats with high stress scores are 5.6x more likely to develop upper respiratory infections
True
False
87
imprinting will only occur at a critical period early in development
False
True
88
the gestation length is 150 days in sheep
False
True
89
which of the following is not an example of a human-animal bond?
Nika, Japan & Sika deer
Mongolia & horses
Ocean & Cattle
United Kingdom & Swans
90
walking lambs on halter on level ground is substantial exercise to tone muscle
False
True
91
which is true of feed for sheep/goats?
copper levels need to be checked for sheep
should have 5-6 pounds of grain per day
lambs should be on full feed from birth
one adult goat needs 1 foot of trough space
92
what are the 2 problems of human and animal interactions?
animals respond to world differently than we do
animals sense world differently than we do
animals mirror humans
animals don't care what we do
93
releasing pressure on a leash when a dog relaxes is an example of:
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
94
freedom from hunger & thirst requires:
method to obtain
species-correctness
cleanliness
availability
95
ear cropping is illegal in the US
False
True
96
too much energy in fat cows/heifers can lead to calving mortality
True
False
97
Allogrooming is used by cows to maintain relationships
False
True
98
what kind of milking parlor is this?
rotary
herringbone
parallel
tie stall barn
99
which of the following pig farm definitions is
incorrect
?
nursery = weaned pigs raised until reach size of feeder pigs
finish = market pigs raised until sold for slaughter
farrow-to-feeder: breeding stock & piglets not yet weaned
farrow to finish = breeding stock & raised from birth until sold slaughter
100
which of the following is not one of the 3 principles of evolution?
trait varies between individuals of population
some variation is due to genetic origin
trait must exist in population
variant of trait causes differing ability of reproduction
101
which of the following is false?
sore mouth = highly contagious virus causing lesions on lips & nostrils
ringworm is more common in goats
rectal prolapse = require immediate attention from a veterinarian
tetanus = fatal disease with high risk in sheep
102
which pair is correct in dairy cattle major events:
305 day pregnancy period
305 day lactation period post calving
283 not pregnant phase of reproductive cycle
82 day "dry" period after lactation
103
gunshot is an acceptable mechanism of euthanasia in canines, felines, and horses when done by a professional
True
False
104
what can cause dogs to eat non food items?
loneliness
overeating
anxiety
mineral deficiency
105
displacement behaviors occur from all of the following, except:
sadness
anxiety
frustration
excitement
106
which is not an olfactory signal sent by dogs?
fecal secretions
urine
breed
glandular
107
what is the correct order of steps for a cow post calving?
vaccinate immediately
removal of mucous -> attend naval cord -> colostrum feeding
attend naval cord -> removal of mucous -> colostrum feeding
colostrum feeding -> attend naval cord -> removal of mucous
108
which of the following are methods of bovine castration?
all of the above
hormonal (against GnRH)
chemical (toxic agent injection)
physical (surgical, elastic band, external clamp)
109
which of the following does
not
affect public perception of animal welfare?
none of the below
religion
education level
demographic information
110
which of the following is not one of the three spheres of welfare?
natural living
affective states
biological functioning
environmental effects
111
disbudding is ____, while dehorning is ______
removal of horns, removal of horn buds
removal of horn buds, removal of horns
112
horses have seasonal reproductivity, which means it is regulated primarily by changes in day length
False
True
113
veterinary daily practices:
scientific & medical training to ensure animal welfare expectations met
considered a professional obligation, adhering to principals of care
assure Animal Welfare Acts/programs are useful, truly serve societal need
suffienciently influential
114
maladaptive behaviors
normal behavior performed in abnormal environment
abnormal behavior induced by features of captive environment
115
the five freedoms are framework #:
2
1
3
116
foxes live in this type of group:
matriarchal
pairs
harems
solitary
117
which of the following is not a role of a veterinarian in animal welfare?
sustainable practices
conservation medicine
policy development
environmental research
118
which of the following is correct:
ram = mature female sheep
wether = mature male goat
mutton = meat from sheep older than one
ewe = mature male sheep
119
which of the following are a part of non-associative learning?
habituation
imprinting
sensitization
all of the above
120
dry lot cows should not more than 10% of their body weight
False
True
121
what species of animal would have this field of vision?
horse
bird
dog
human
122
what does not result from domestication?
decreased seasonality in reproduction
change in shape
major behavioral changes
coat color change
123
habituation is
filtering out unimportant stimuli
include maturation, seasonal cycles, fight response
when animal stops responding to stimulus
require reinforcement
124
which of the following is a behavioral adaptation of horses as prey?
desire to herd
insinticvely cautious & alert
continuous threat appraisal
recognize subtle cues as threatening
125
which pairing is correct?
generalized fear: from unpleasant handling
flight zone: space needed for flying
neophobia: natural fear of unknown people/event
learned fear: to all people
126
removing attention from an animal when it starts to jump up on you is an example of:
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
127
how many sheep are required to see flocking behavior?
3
6
5
4
128
crutching is shearing of the reproductive area & mammary system of ewes prior to parturition. Facing is shearing on face
False
True
129
sheep are more susceptible to internal parasites (worms) than goats
True
False
130
which of the following enrichment definitions is incorrect:
occupational: encourages exercise or task completion
physical: alternative food delivery or novel food items
social: direct or indirect contact with conspecifics
sensory: provides stimuli that appeal to the senses
131
which is false regarding pheromones?
detected by vomeronasal organ
found in urine, feces, saliva
leads to Flehmen response
most mammals connect their vomeronasal organ through the nasal cavity
132
chickens are neophobic, which means they have a fear of new foods
True
False
133
which definition is correct:
flooding = can make things worse, forced around fear
targeting = build particular behavior through small steps
extinction = used to treat fears of harmless stimuli by forcing animal stay
shaping = using both classical & operant learning
134
In a case study of leg lesions on cows, which does
not
apply:
example of biological functioning
the tuber calais was more lesioned than the tarsal joint
different bedding (sawdust, sand, mattress) options, mattress is worst
hock assessment chart utilizes (1 = best, 3 = worst)
135
which of the following are we most likely to form bonds with?
information & resource abundance
attractive
sentient
intelligent
136
fear is a intense, long lived negative response
True
False
137
which repro hormone is not paired with its function?
estrogen: sexual behavior & changes in estrus cycle
follicle stimulating hormone: maintains pregnancy
progesterone: maintains pregnancy
Lutenizing hormone: causes ovulation
138
which of these skills can be used to reduce fear of an environment?
habituation
reprimanding
disregarding fears
flight zone
139
drenching is _____ & spraying is ______.
topical removal of external parasites, administration of oral anthelmintic
administration of oral anthelmintic, topical removal of external parasites
140
which of the following is
not
part of low stress handling:
understanding perception
knowledge of flight zones
social behavior of animals
touching every animal
141
egg-shell color from chickens results from:
feed
breed
142
which of the following is
not
a type of fear-induced response?
passive defense
active defense
passive avoidance
active avoidance
143
which is true of creep feeding calves?
cows eat all of portion for calves
creep feeding reduces weight at weaning
only has negative outcomes
beneficial when cows are from 1st calf heifers
144
the biggest behavioral complaint against cats is location where urinate or defecate
False
True
145
behavioral measures of pain include:
hypothetical situation by the brain
state of alarm or dread
avoidance of pain
pain specific behaviors
146
If we are in an animals blind spot, the animal will run
True
False
147
what is the name given to horses that eat too fast?
halter pulling
bolting feed
cribbing
barn sour
148
changing our position to point of balance will change animal's speed only
True
False
149
temperament can be defined as:
characteristics of individuals that describe consistent patterns of feeling
degree in which we measure how hot/cold something is
emotional state of an animal in a single moment
amount of variation in single individual's behavior during various stimuli
150
the second framework of animal welfare is:
five domains
three spheres of welfare
five freedoms
