Do hormonal contraceptives have any risks?

Any medication has possible side effects

What is fertilisation?

When the nuclei of egg and sperm fuse

What is unusual about the food chains in deep sea volcanic vents?

They don't start with a photosynthesising organism

Why does cystic fibrosis need two alleles to cause the disease?

It's a recessive disorder; you need 2 recessive alleles for the condition

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

As not all fossils have been found or may have been damaged

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

Mutations lead to resistance as these strains survive and reproduce rapidly

What do oestrogen and progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

They are involved in maintaining the uterus lining

An imaginary line used as a part of systematic sampling

What are the five kingdoms called?

Animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protists

What changes happen to boys during puberty?

Voice breaks, body becomes more muscular and the body produces sperm

Why are people concerned about designer babies? - Higher

In case they select their child's features, for example sporting ability

What are the three domains called?

Archaea, bacteria and eukaryota

Which of these is true for well functioning predator-prey cycles?

The number of prey increases at the same time as the number of predators

A small section of the DNA in a chromosome that codes for a protein

Why do animals become extinct?

They become extinct because of predators, disease, hunting & climate change

Which two are examples of genetic variation?

Natural eye colour and sex-assigned at birth

Why does a dominant allele create a higher probability of an offspring affected by a disease, such as cystic fibrosis?

Only 1 dominant allele is needed for a 50% probability to be affected

Why are fossils used as evidence that evolution happens?

Provide evidence of different species from long ago that may now be extinct

Why are some non-hormonal methods of contraception irreversible?

Surgical methods such as sterilisation, cannot be reversed in the future

A change in a gene or chromosome

Why is selective breeding used with animals or plants?

Desirable characteristics that will be of benefit will only be selected

What is biodiversity?

A measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem

Why are genetic tests never 100% reliable?

False positives and false negatives can occur

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Biology Paper 2 Revision 2023

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Questions 95

Answers

1
In which of these are dead animals not naturally preserved?
Peat bogs
Sedimentary rock
Ice
Sea water
2
Do hormonal contraceptives have any risks?
They have no benefits but only risks
They are completely safe and have no side effects
Any medication has possible side effects
3
What is fertilisation?
When a new body cell is created
When the nuclei of egg and sperm fuse
When an egg is released from the ovary
4
Which famous scientist first developed the theory of evolution?
Darwin
Wallace
Lamarck
Einstein
5
What term describes the graph of World human population increase?
Linear
Exponential
Normal distribution
6
What is unusual about the food chains in deep sea volcanic vents?
They have no producer
They don't start with a photosynthesising organism
he producers are not plants but algae
7
What term is given to a fertilised ovum?
Zygote
Foetus
Baby
Embryo
8
Why does cystic fibrosis need two alleles to cause the disease?
You need a dominant and a recessive allele to cause the condition
It's a recessive disorder; you need 2 recessive alleles for the condition
The alleles are dominant and you need two of them
9
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
People sell fossils they have found
As not all fossils have been found or may have been damaged
Fossils take a long time to form
10
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Mutations lead to resistance as these strains survive and reproduce rapidly
If they are never treated with a particular antibiotic
Bacteria have always been resistant to bacteria
11
What do oestrogen and progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?
They are involved in egg maturation in the ovaries
They stimulate the release of the egg
They are involved in maintaining the uterus lining
12
Who invented the original classification system?
Carl Woese
Carl Linnaeus
Charles Darwin
13
What are peat bogs an important store of?
Water
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
14
What type of change does the peppered moth show?
Selective breeding
Cloning
Natural selection
15
What is a transect?
An imaginary line used as a part of systematic sampling
A square wire placed on the ground to count plants
diagram that looks like a kite
16
What is an example of a dominant genetic disorder?
Tuberculosis
Cystic fibrosis
Polydactyly
17
What process occurs very slowly in peat bogs?
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Decomposition
18
What are the five kingdoms called?
Arthropod, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protists
Animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protists
Animals, mammal, plants, fungi and prokaryotes
19
What changes happen to boys during puberty?
Breasts develop, body becomes more muscular and the body produces sperm
Voice breaks, body becomes more muscular and the body produces sperm
Voice breaks, body becomes more muscular and the hips widen
20
How many chromosomes are present in human gametes?
48 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
26 chromosomes
21
Why are people concerned about designer babies? - Higher
In case they select their child's features, for example sporting ability
It is because everybody wants to be able to do this
In case we lose genetic variation and all look the same
22
How many parents are needed for asexual reproduction?
Two parents
One parent
Two parents and two grandparents
23
What are the three domains called?
Archaea, bacteria and eukaryota
Archaea, bacteria and prokaryotes
Animals, plants and fungi
24
Which of these is true for well functioning predator-prey cycles?
The number of prey increases at the same time as the number of predators
There are always more prey than predators
There are always more predators than prey
25
What is a gene?
A complete copy of an organism's DNA
A small section of the DNA in a chromosome that codes for a protein
An x-shaped section of DNA
26
Mitosis is not used for which of these processes?
Cellular differentiation
Growth
Repair
Producing gametes
27
Why do animals become extinct?
They become extinct because of predators, disease, hunting & climate change
nimals can't fly
Animals become extinct because they can't find food
28
What is the mode?
The average value
The most common number
The middle number
29
What is conservation?
Cutting down of trees
The preservation of ecosystems
Rapid growth of algae as a result of fertilisers
30
Which two are examples of genetic variation?
Natural eye colour and sex-assigned at birth
Height and natural eye colour
Scars and gender
31
Why does a dominant allele create a higher probability of an offspring affected by a disease, such as cystic fibrosis?
Only 1 dominant allele is needed for a 50% probability to be affected
The parents always pass on these alleles
Dominant alleles are more common than recessive alleles
32
What type of traps catch small mammals?
Sweep nets
Kick sampling
Pitfall traps
33
Why are fossils used as evidence that evolution happens?
They are nice to look at
Fossils are always created during any environmental conditions
Provide evidence of different species from long ago that may now be extinct
34
Why are some non-hormonal methods of contraception irreversible?
Surgical methods such as sterilisation, cannot be reversed in the future
People can't afford to have the appropriate procedure
People choose not to have the operation to reverse it
35
Which of these is NOT a way of increasing biodiversity?
Deforestation
Planting hedgerows
Capitve breeding programmes
Recycling
36
Why are embryos allowed to develop before they are implanted into the uterus in IVF? - Higher
To make sure the sperm develop correctly outside the body
To check the early development
To increase the number of eggs
37
Which of these are biotic factors?
Dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
Wind intensity and out-competition
Food and new predators
38
What phenotype is produced from an XY genotype?
Female
Male
39
Which two levels of classification are included in the binomial system?
Genus and species
Kingdom and class
Phylum and genus
40
What is a mutation?
A harmful change that causes the genome to stop working
When there is no change in the DNA
A change in a gene or chromosome
41
How many kingdoms of classification are there?
Two
Three
Four
Five
42
Which of these are the correct plant gametes?
Sperm and ova
Pollen and ova
Sperm and egg
Pollen and sperm
43
What moves across the synapse?
Electrical impulse and a chemical messenger
Chemical messenger
Electrical impulse
44
Which term can also mean survival of the fittest?
Evolution
Cloning
Natural selection
Artificial selection
45
Why is selective breeding used with animals or plants?
This is a natural process that happens without human intervention
It allows organisms to be as genetically diverse as possible
Desirable characteristics that will be of benefit will only be selected
46
What are sperm and egg cells also known as?
Haploid
Tetraploid
Diploid
47
Which of these is an example of environmental variation?
Height
Language and accent
Blood type
Weight
48
What is biodiversity?
A measure of how many different species live in an ecosystem
All organisms in a food web depend upon each other
All the food chains for a habitat combined
49
Which of these is not a threat of global warming?
More tropical diseases
Lowering of sea levels
Extinctions
50
Why are genetic tests never 100% reliable?
False positives and false negatives can occur
The technology might not be available
The tests are carried out in batches
51
How long does the menstrual cycle take?
14 days
1 week
28 days
52
Which of these is not a reason for an increase in human population?
Intensive farming
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Better health care
53
Which of these is a structural adaptation in plants?
Growth towards the light
Formation of poison
Spines
54
Which of these is an antibiotic-resistant bacterium and evidence for evolution?
Tuberculosis
Salmonella
MRSA
Escherichia coli
55
Which new instrumentation allowed the Linnaean model to be adapted?
Calculator
Microscope
Quadrat
56
Which of these is a behavioural adaptation in animals?
Mating displays
Having sharp claws
Production of venom
57
Why can’t everyone have IVF on the NHS? - Higher
There are treatment guidelines and you have to qualify for it
People don’t ask for it
People have to pay for it on the NHS
58
Why is 'survival of the fittest' associated with natural selection?
Individuals who have a selective advantage will survive, while others die
They are the most physically fit individuals within a population
Individuals with certain genes that give them no selective advantag
59
What is interdependence?
All organisms in a food web depending upon each other
Humans depending upon other organisms for food
No organisms in a food web depending upon each other
60
What is the generalised order during a nervous response?
Stimulus → receptor → coordinator → effector → response
Response → receptor → coordinator → effector → stimulus
Receptor → stimulus → coordinator → effector → response
61
How many daughter cells does meiosis create?
One
Four
Three
Two
62
What is included in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and all neurones in the body
Spinal cord and all neurones in the body
Brain and spinal cord
63
Why is fertilisation a random process?
It is not known which sperm and egg fuse during fertilisation
It is always known which sperm and egg will fuse during fertilisation
Because a few sperm and eggs are released at a specific time
64
How can antibiotic resistance be reduced?
Only take when really needed complete the full course & use less in farming
Never complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor
Take antibiotics at every opportunity possible, even for a viral infection
65
Which statement is true about sexual reproduction?
Offspring are genetically different from both parents
All offspring are genetically identical to each other
Offspring are genetically identical to both parents
66
What are three examples of conditions controlled by homeostasis in the body?
Blood glucose, body temperature and nervous responses
Body temperature, nervous and chemical responses
Blood glucose concentration, body temperature and water levels
67
What carbon conversion occurs in respiration?
Carbon dioxide to glucose
Fuel to carbon dioxide
Glucose to carbon dioxide
68
What is eutrophication caused by?
Excess fertilisers
The greenhouse effect
Smog
69
What are examples of gametes in animals?
Pollen and eggs
Sperm and eggs
Sperm and pollen
70
How do fertility drugs help women become pregnant in the natural way?
Testosterone and LH are given to the patient
The fertility drugs FSH and LH are given to the patient
Oestrogen is given to the patient
71
Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Oestrogen and progesterone
Testosterone
72
Which of these are abiotic factors?
Temperature and soil pH
Light intensity and new predators
Food and new pathogens
73
How do neurotransmitters move across a synapse?
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
74
Name the three different types of neurone
Sensory, relay and motor neurones
Sensory, relay and effector neurones
Sensory, generalised and motor neurones
75
Which of these is a behavioural adaptation in plants?
Growth towards the light
Formation of poison
Spines
76
What organ does a reflex arc miss out?
Spinal cord
Brain
Heart
77
What are effectors?
Muscles and glands
Motor neurones
Muscles and nerves
78
Why is probability used to predict the outcome of fertilisation?
The four different allele combinations can only be predicted
Maths makes the outcome more likely
Scientists like using probability, because it is a difficult calculation
79
What do evolutionary trees show?
The importance of natural selection within an organism
The relationship based on binomial classification
The evolutionary relationship between the organisms being studied
80
What is variation controlled by?
Genes only
Genes and the environment
The environment only
81
What do receptors in the eye detect?
Sound
Light
Heat
82
What trophic level in a food chain are secondary consumers?
Third
Second
First
83
What type of trees can be used to examine close genetic relationships?
Oak trees
Punnett squares
Family trees
84
What are animals that hunt and kill others for food called?
Prey
Primary consumer
Predator
Secondary consumers
85
What is genetic engineering?
The genome of 1 organism is changed by adding a gene from another
All the genes are replaced in one organism with genes from another organism
It is when an unknown gene is inserted into a random location in the genome
86
What do decomposers release onto dead matter to break it down?
Enzymes
Saliva
Carbon dioxide and water
87
What is a genome?
An x-shaped section of DNA
A complete copy of an organism's DNA
A small section of the DNA in a chromosome that codes for a protein
88
Which organisms are contained within the Eukaryota domain?
Protists, fungi, plants and animals
Primitive bacteria
True bacteria
89
What process do decomposers speed up?
Decay
Photosynthesis
Respiration
90
What do plants compete for?
Light, water and minerals and space
Light, water and minerals and mates
Light, water and minerals and territory
91
What is a community?
Two or more populations of organisms
Two or more populations in their environment
All the organisms of the same or closely-related species in an area
92
What is an ecosystem?
Two or more populations of organisms
All the organisms of the same or closely-related species
Two or more populations of organisms in their environment
93
Who developed the three-domain system?
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Woese
Richard Dawkins
94
If you were investigating species richness what would you be counting in a quadrat?
The percentage of a quadrat covered by one species
The number of times one species is present
The number of different species
95
What is the major cause of acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Ozone
Carbon dioxide

Biology Paper 2 Revision 2023 Flashcards | StudBud