The 3 main mechanisms of microevolutionary change are

natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

believed that purpose was a mechanism for evolution.

Patterns of natural selection include

directional, stabilizing, and disruptive

The most commonly accepted species concept defines species as

individuals who produce viable, fertile offspring

One of Darwin's 3 key observations about the natural world from "The Origin of Species" was

similarities allow classification of organisms into groups

Stanley Miller's famed experiment helped support the theory that

prebiotic synthesis of molecules was possible

3 of the 5 pieces of evidence that support evolution are

fossils, biogeography, convergent evolution

The principle of parsimony states that

the preferred hypothesis is the simplest

Define macroevolution

production of a new species or groups of species

a change in allele frequency by random chance

According to the punctuated speciation pattern,

periods without change are not uncommon

The four stage hypothesis for the origin of life suggests that

membrane-bound polymers acquired cellular properties

created a standard naming method for species

In stabilizing selection,

the middle phenotype is favored

One of the 5 pieces of evidence supporting the theory of evolution is

anatomical homologies exist between different species

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Exam 2 Review - BIO182 Sthultz

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Questions 42

Answers

1
Protists are
single-celled prokaryotes
multi-celled archaeans
single-celled eukaryotes
multi-celled eukaryotes
2
The 3 main mechanisms of microevolutionary change are
natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow
derived, ancestral, primitive
anagenesis, cladogenesis, natural selection
convergence, homologies, DNA
3
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
two of the above
proposed a binomial naming system for different species.
believed that evolutionary change was random.
believed that purpose was a mechanism for evolution.
4
Patterns of natural selection include
directional, stabilizing, and disruptive
allopatric and sympatric
Genetic drift, gene flow
micro and macro
5
Allopatric speciation occurs when
geographic isolation exists
all offspring are sterile
no geographic isolation exists
offspring are malformed
6
The most commonly accepted species concept defines species as
individuals who occupy the same ecological niche
individuals who have the same physical characteristics
individuals who share a similar genetic makeup
individuals who produce viable, fertile offspring
7
The study of biological diversity & the evolutionary relationships among extant/extant species:
taxonomy
phylogeny
Binomial nomenclature
systematics
8
The science of describing, naming, and classifying extant/extinct organisms and viruses is
phylogeny
Taxonomy
Systematics
Binomial nomenclature
9
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may occur when
random mating is present
only large mutations occur
populations are very small
genetic variation is increasing
10
Given 0.49 + 0.42 + 0.09 = 1, what is the allele frequency of the dominant allele?
0.42
0.7
0.49
not enough information
11
Gene flow is
a change in allele frequency by random chance
the increase in frequency of beneficial traits
an increase in genetic diversity
immigration or emigration
12
One of Darwin's 3 key observations about the natural world from "The Origin of Species" was
individual organisms change traits to suit their environment
most fossilized organisms were marine bottom-dwellers
similarities allow classification of organisms into groups
reproductive success is equal and proportional to time
13
Stanley Miller's famed experiment helped support the theory that
spontaneous generation occurred
prebiotic synthesis of molecules was possible
protobionts were the first macromolecules
multicellular eukaryotes colonized early earth
14
Approximately 3.5 billion years ago,
the solar system was formed
the Cambrian explosion occurred
life began
eukaryotic cells first appeared
15
Which type of speciation pattern will most likely lead to anagenesis?
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
none of the above
Disruptive selection
16
3 of the 5 pieces of evidence that support evolution are
natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift
fossils, biogeography, convergent evolution
fossils, mutation, random mating
homologies, selective breeding, overproduction of offspring
17
Which is a shared primitive (ancestral) trait of salamanders and turtles?
hair
four walking legs
amniotic egg
jaws
18
The principle of parsimony states that
bacteria are unable to undergo macroevolution
strong similarities exist between P and F1 generations
RNA was the first nucleic acid
the preferred hypothesis is the simplest
19
Before terrestrial habitats were colonized,
prokaryotic cells first appeared
membrane-bound protobionts formed
all of the above
aquatic organisms created oxygen as a waste product
20
The presence of gill ridges in human and chicken embryos is an example of
Developmental homology
Molecular homology
Physiological homology
Anatomical homology
21
Define macroevolution
none of the above
evolution occurring rapidly over short periods of time
production of a new species or groups of species
genetic change in multicellular organisms
22
Carbon-14 reaches 12.5% of its original quantity after _____ half lives
8
3
4
2
23
Given 0.49 + 0.42 + 0.09 = 1, what number would you expect to see in the highlighted square?
0.42
0.21
0.49
0.09
24
Given 0.49 + 0.42 + 0.09 = 1 and n=100, how many have the homozygous recessive genotype
3
49
7
9
25
Colonization and specialization are the first stages of the beginning of
life
eukaryotes
multicellularity
prokaryotes
26
Genetic drift is
migration
less prevalent in small populations
a change in allele frequency by random chance
two of the above
27
Which of the following would NOT affect the fossil record or create bias?
the size of a plant
how long ago the transition form of an amphibian lived
whether a large mollusk lived primarily on land or in water
all of the above would affect
28
There have been approximately ___ mass extinctions in the history of the earth.
5
3
8
7
29
Which is a shared derived trait of tuna and leopards?
four walking legs
amniotic egg
vertebral column
jaws
30
Infolding and endosymbiosis are the likely first stages in the beginning of
multicellularity
life
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
31
According to the punctuated speciation pattern,
small genetic changes are common
periods without change are not uncommon
changes occur gradually over time
all of the above
32
The four stage hypothesis for the origin of life suggests that
membrane-bound polymers acquired cellular properties
cyanobacteria created nucleotides and amino acids
cyanobacteria created O2 which allowed for terrestrial life
all of the above
33
A population's gene pool is
altered in microevolution
inherited from previous generations within a population
all alleles for one gene in a given population
all of the above
34
Carolus Linnaeus
created a standard naming method for species
proposed the punctuated equilibrium evolution pattern
objected Darwin's theories fervently
wrote "Panda's Paw"
35
In stabilizing selection,
one extreme is favored
the middle phenotype is favored
cladogenesis is likely to occur
both extremes are favored
36
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is
B. nomenclature
phylogeny
taxonomy
systematics
37
One example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier is
sympatric speciation
mechanical isolation
hybrid sterility
gametic isolation
38
PRACTICE QUESTION (no points awarded): Where does helium come from?
radioactive decay
all of the above
a mine in Kansas
derived from natural gas
39
The 3 most specific levels of taxonomy are
class, phylum, family
species, genus, family
domain, kingdom, class
species, genus, phylum
40
2 completely different fish species having both developed antifreeze proteins is an example of
selective breeding
homology
convergent evolution
biogeography
41
One of the 5 pieces of evidence supporting the theory of evolution is
organisms are able to initiate major changes purposefully
anatomical homologies exist between different species
underproduction of offspring creates competition
equal reproductive success between species exists
42
What does convergent evolution involve?
Transitional characters
Vestigial characters
Analogous characters
Homologous characters

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