How were Henry VIII's motives different from other protestant reformers?

He split from the Catholic Church because it didn't let him get a divorce.

What role did Adam Smith believe the government should fulfill in society?

maintain public works, limited role in the economy, should defend citizens from injustice and invasion

areas of ancient knowledge that helped spark the Scientific Revolution

Mathematics, works of Archimedes & Plato

How did Enlightenment thinkers use the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?

to use reason to find the natural law that ruled human behavior, questioned the ideas of ancient authorities and the Church

How did Mary Wollstonecraft use the Enlightenment ideal of reason to advocate rights for women?

all humans are born with reason so women deserve the same rights as men

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Enlightenment Review + Age of Exploration & Absolutism Review + Religions, Renaissance, & Refor

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Answers

1
How were Henry VIII's motives different from other protestant reformers?
He reached enlightenment before sharing his religious beliefs.
He was able to change the Catholic Church without splitting off from it.
He split from the Catholic Church due to deep religious convictions.
He split from the Catholic Church because it didn't let him get a divorce.
2
What was the significance of Gutenburg's printing press?
It allowed greater access to reading materials.
It led to increased literacy in Europe.
It led to the more rapid spread of ideas.
All of these
3
What was the first book printed on Gutenburg's printing press?
the 95 Theses
Our History Textbook
Dante's Divine Comedy
The Bible
4
the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
Middle Path
Mercantilism
Heretic
Middle Passage
5
system of labor in which Spanish landowners had the right (from Queen Isabella) to use Native Americans as laborers
mulatto
encomienda
peninsulares
mita
6
a focus on worldly matters, instead of religious matters
perspective
patron
secular
humanism
7
rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property
Puritans
Natural state
Divine Right of Kings
Natural rights
8
Founding Figure in Islam
Jesus
Muhammad
Siddhartha Gautama
Abraham
9
Who is credited with using inductive reasoning to create the scientific method?
Aristotle
Archimedes
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
10
artistic techniques used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces
speculation
perspective
secular
humanism
11
This religion views Jesus as a highly honored prophet
Buddhism
Judaism
Islam
Christianity
12
People are born like "a blank slate"
Hobbes
Locke
13
What role did Adam Smith believe the government should fulfill in society?
maintain public works
strong regulations to ensure safety of products made by businesses
limited role in the economy
should defend citizens from injustice and invasion
14
the concept that the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
federal system
rationalism
laissez-faire
scientific method
15
areas of ancient knowledge that helped spark the Scientific Revolution
Eastern medicine
Mathematics
works of Archimedes & Plato
hieroglyphics
16
this spread the new ideas of the Scientific Revolution quickly & easily
printing press
carrier pigeons
social media
telephone
17
political/social order developed during the Middle Ages in which nobles offered protection & land in return for service
patron
theocracy
feudalism
democracy
18
person born on the Iberian Peninsula, often an official who lived in Latin America for political & economic gains
conquistador
Puritans
plantation
peninsulares
19
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Creole
colony
czar
conquistador
20
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
Enlightened absolutism
rationalism
laissez-faire
scientific method
21
In the state of nature, life was poor, nasty, brutish, & short.
Locke
Hobbes
22
a system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
social contract
rationalism
rococo
deism
23
This religion views Jesus as simply a Jewish man
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Hinduism
24
the belief in one God, rather than many
reincarnation
monotheism
theocracy
polytheism
25
foundation technology of the Scientific Revolution
telephone
telescope
microscope
microphone
26
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on natural rights?
Rousseau
Wollstonecraft
Locke
Montesquieu
27
economic theory of the 17th century; the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold & silver
Communism
Merchant
Capitalism
Mercantilism
28
18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
rococo
rationalism
social contract
deism
29
Founding Figure in Judaism
Jesus
Siddhartha Gautama
Abraham
Muhammad
30
the title used by Russian emperors
Creole
czar
colony
conquistador
31
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on the idea that people give up some freedoms for the general will?
Rousseau
Locke
Montesquieu
Wollstonecraft
32
What did Martin Luther criticize in his 95 Theses?
The Pope's power
All of these
The selling of indulgences
The church's extreme wealth
33
Scientific discoveries led Descartes to the belief that _____________ is the chief source of knowledge.
mathematics
Church teachings
reason
ancient authorities
34
belief in or worship of more than one god
justification
monotheism
Eightfold Path
polytheism
35
a form of government in which power is shared between the national and state governments
federal system
rationalism
philosopher
scientific method
36
Which ancient cultures served as the inspiration during the Renaissance?
Ancient Greece
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Rome
Ancient China
37
the state of being saved (going to Heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works
polytheism
Eightfold Path
justification
salvation
38
a fleet of warships
Creole
Arm & Hammer
Absolutism
Armada
39
a release from all or part of punishment for sin that could be bought from the Catholic Church
vernacular
patron
indulgence
secular
40
How did Enlightenment thinkers use the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?
to use reason to find the natural law that ruled human behavior
to create new mechanical inventions
questioned the ideas of ancient authorities and the Church
41
How did Mary Wollstonecraft use the Enlightenment ideal of reason to advocate rights for women?
women give birth to children and should be given more rights
women should have more rights than men
all humans are born with reason so women deserve the same rights as men
42
a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently
Creole
Mulattoes
Absolutism
Mestizos
43
society governed by its general will & individuals abide by it since it is what is best for the whole community
deism
social contract
rationalism
rococo
44
the claim by Chinese kings that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and keep order in the universe
Mandate of Heaven
Eightfold Path
salvation
the 10 Commandments
45
a system of government in which religious leaders rule instituting religious laws as civil laws
theocracy
justification
democracy
patron
46
a person of mixed European and Native American descent
Mulattoes
Mestizos
Creole
Absolutism
47
Founding Figure in Buddhism
Jesus
Abraham
Muhammad
Siddhartha Gautama
48
a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment; a scholar or a thinker
scientific method
deism
philosopher
rationalism
49
Founding Figure in Christianity
Abraham
Muhammad
Siddhartha Gautama
Jesus
50
form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
theocracy
democracy
feudalism
republic
51
governed by the "rule of the many," or by the people
theocracy
democracy
republic
demographic
52
to declare invalid
secular
patron
annul
indulge
53
a person of mixed African and European descent
Mestizos
Absolutism
Mulattoes
Creole
54
intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities including: art, philosophy, & history
perspective
secular
speculation
humanism
55
Believed representative government was the best form of government.
Hobbes
Locke
56
Once people gave up their power to a ruler, the people lost the right to question the actions of the ruler
Locke
Hobbes
57
a small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails
Caramel
Caravel
Carnival
Carne asada
58
Who created the first encyclopedia?
Diderot
Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Adam Smith
59
the sum of a person's actions in life, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences
reincarnation
dharma
Eightfold Path
karma
60
John Calvin's most noted religious teaching
predestination
All people were equal in the eyes of God
salvation through good works
The Bible was the ultimate authority on Earth for Christians
61
an individual's duty fulfilled by observance of custom or law
reincarnation
Eightfold Path
karma
dharma
62
Which is NOT a technology allowed Europeans to expand their exploration of the seas?
magnetic compass
caravel
astrolabe
sonar
63
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
going broke
deflation
economics
inflation
64
religious doctrine developed by a formerly Catholic monk which stated that salvation could be achieved by faith alone
Lutheranism
Anabaptism
Presbyterian
Calvinism
65
Which of these was NOT a motive for European exploration and expansion?
Civil War in England
spreading Christianity
money
adventure/fame
66
the executive, legislative & judicial branches limit & control each other through a system of checks & balances
Separation of powers
deism
rationalism
scientific method
67
Believed absolute monarchy was the best form of government
Hobbes
Locke
68
the language of everyday speech in a particular region
patron
vernacular
secular
indulgence
69
systematic procedure for collecting &analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world
rationalism
deism
salons
scientific method
70
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on religious tolerance?
Voltaire
Locke
Rousseau
Wollstonecraft
71
elegant urban drawing rooms where, in the 18th century, people gathered to discuss the ideas of the philosophes
social contract
rationalism
salons
deism
72
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on separation of power and checks and balances?
Montesquieu
Locke
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
73
moral code of ethical conduct that play(s) a fundamental role in Buddhism
salvation
Mandate of Heaven
Eightfold Path
the 10 Commandments
74
How did Enlightenment ideas influence society and culture?
growth of reading
women argued for the same rights as men
return to traditional teachings
new styles in art
75
English Protestants who felt that the Church of England needed reform & sought to simplify & regulate forms of worship
Purify
Puritans
Divine Right of Kings
Natural rights
76
doctrine that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general through observations & experiments
scientific method
rationalism
inductive reasoning
laissez-faire
77
This Enlightenment thinker advocated for laissez-faire economic policies.
Diderot
Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Adam Smith
78
"the rule of the few"; a form of government in which a select group of people exercises control
patron
oligarchy
democracy
theocracy
79
the belief that the kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
Divine Right of Kings
Dictatorship
Natural rights
Democracy
80
the process of being deemed worthy of salvation by God
Lutheranism
justification
baptism
Presbyterian
81
Machiavelli argued in "The Prince"
That rulers should have absolute power
It is better for a ruler to be feared than loved.
It is better for a ruler to be loved than feared.
Rulers should respect the rights of citizens above all else.
82
Martin Luther's teachings included
All people were equal in the eyes of God
The Bible was the ultimate authority on Earth for Christians
salvation through faith alone
predestination
83
a wealthy sponsor of art
Lutheranism
patron
justification
humanism
84
a leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas
plantation
conquistador
peninsulares
Puritans
85
a large agricultural estate
conquistador
plantation
Puritans
peninsulares
86
the rebirth of a soul in a new body
reincarnation
dharma
karma
Eightfold Path
87
the belief that God has determined in advance who will and will not be saved
reincarnation
predestination
indulgences
Final Destination
88
Which Enlightenment thinker focused greatly on women's rights?
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Locke
89
This religion views Jesus as the Son of God and Messiah
Buddhism
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
90
moral code of ethical conduct that play(s) a fundamental role in Judaism and Christianity
Eightfold Path
Mandate of Heaven
the 10 Commandments
salvation
91
a political system in which a ruler holds total power
Mulattoes
Mestizos
Creole
Absolutism
92
one who does not conform to established doctrine
Heretic
Rebel
Indulgences
Inflation

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