The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis or linguistic determinism states that the words in your language

determine the concepts you have access to

Cognition is best defined as:

The set of mental activities concerned with thinking,knowing

Which of the following is an example of holophrastic speech?

A baby saying "milk" in order to be fed

What is the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

Algorithms are slower, but more accurate than heuristics.

general rule that is used to make a judgement

refers to all the mental activities

What is a critical period?

A period of time when it is easier to learn a language

What is a mental set?

Tendency to approach problems with a particular expectation

What is the best demonstration of the spacing effect?

Studying one chapter per day until the exam

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AP Psychology Memory, Cognition and Language

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Answers

1
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis or linguistic determinism states that the words in your language
determine mutual intelligibility with an unrelated language
determine how primed you will be to solve certain problems
determine the concepts you have access to
determine how well you can read
2
Bob remembers his past, but cannot form new memories due to a head injury. What does he have?
anterograde amnesia
long term memory
retrograde amnesia
short term memory
3
Cognition is best defined as:
Most basic model/mental image conceived when think of item
The set of mental activities concerned with thinking,knowing
Strategies we employ for problem solving
The collection and retrieval of information/memories
4
Which part of the brain is associated with speaking and language expression?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Brocaâ€™s area
Wernickleâ€™s area
5
What does the Broca's area of the brain do?
Creating short term memories
Controls language expression
Controls language reception
Creating long term memories
6
The rest of the sequence J-F-M-A... can be solved with the help of
Intuition
Mental set
Concepts
Belief perseverance
7
What is type of memory where facts and experiences that one can consciously declare?
Effortful processing
Explicit memory
Working memory
Implicit memory
8
Which of the following is an example of holophrastic speech?
A baby crying when upset
A baby making repetitive motions in order to get attention
A baby saying "mommy home" when it sees its mom at the door
A baby saying "milk" in order to be fed
9
Which of the following is the correct order of memory information retrieval ?
Storage, encoding, retrieval
Retrieval, encoding, storage
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Retrieval, storage, encoding
10
When buying earbuds, Joe reminds himself that expensive ones are better. This is an example of
The framing effect
A holistic
An algorithm
A heuristic
11
Who believed that language determines the way we think?
Daniel Gilbert
Noam Chomsky
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Paul Broca
12
What is the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?
Algorithms are faster, but are more error-prone.
Algorithms do not guarantee a solution, while heuristic do.
Algorithms are simpler thinking strategies.
Algorithms are slower, but more accurate than heuristics.
13
When we organize information into meaningful units, we are
chunking
using long term memory
recalling
storing information
14
Studies have shown that as you get older, the _______ it is to learn a language.
harder
more necessary
easier
faster
15
Remembering how to ride a bike uses...
Implicit Memory
Procedural Memory
Exactly 2 of the Above
Sensory Memory
16
What prevents us from problem solving without any bias?
heuristic
confirmation bias
mindset
framing
17
Heuristics are...
rules that guarantee an answer
general rule that is used to make a judgement
rules that require deep thought
rules that make you try every solution
18
Which of the following is a component of creativity?
watercolors and other materials
expertise
indolence
extrinsic motivation
19
Which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes?
The basis of Grammar
A form of syntax
Units of meaning in a language
Units of sound in a language
20
How many pieces of information can you handle at once
12-Sep
9-May
5-Mar
12+
21
What is a morpheme?
The first words a baby learns
A unit of sound
A unit of meaning
A type of noun
22
Which sense has the strongest trigger for memories?
Smell
Sight
Taste
Touch
23
When 12 months have passed, a child reaches which stage?
complete sentences
Babbling
Two word
One word
24
Cognition ________
refers to the mental groupings of similar objects
refers to mental images
refers to all the mental activities
refers to the ability to formulate thoughts
25
A memory that relies on hearing sounds is a(n):
declarative memory
episodic memory
echoic memory
iconic memory
26
If a child makes a statement of "want juice," what kind of speech is it?
Telegraphic Speech
Babbling speech
Productive Speech
Receptive Speech
27
Remembering the closest items in a sequence is called?
Ebbinghaus' Law of Forgetting
Recall
Sequential amnesia
Serial position effect
28
If your hippocampus is damaged, which of the memory is affected the most?
Working Memory
Short Term Memory
Explicit Memory
Implicit Memory
29
When trying to solve an anagram, what method does a human being use?
Heuristic thinking
Scrying the answer using a crystal ball
Refusing to solve it
An algorithm
30
Approximately at what age does a child enter the one-word stage?
24 months
6 months
10 months
12 months
31
Clive Wearing was a man whose rare case of viral encephalitis damanged his ( ) long term memory
Implicit
Procedural
Explicit (declarative)
Photographic
32
The inability to see new uses for familiar objects is called
functional fixedness
interference
non-flexible thinking
proactive inhibition
33
What is a critical period?
When muscle growth is at its fastest
A window in time where it is harder to learn
A point in life where we start learning independently
A period of time when it is easier to learn a language
34
What are the stages of information-processing models?
Encoding, storage, short term memory, long term memory
Encoding, storage, retrieval
Receive, storage, remembering
Short term memory and long term memory
35
Short-term memory has a ________ capacity than sensory memory and a ________ duration.
More limited; longer
Less limited; longer
More limited; shorter
Larger; shorter
36
Which of the following is NOT a component of creativity?
expertise
divergent thinking
Intrinsic motivation
a venturesome personality
37
Wernicke's area
controls language reception
controls language expression
is in the right temporal lobe
controls speech
38
What is a mental set?
Tendency to approach problems without any expected outcome
Tendency to approach problems with a particular expectation
The set of all the knowledge that a person has
The components of the brain that work to form thinking
39
Singling out the best solution out of a variety of solutions is an example of:
convergent thinking
cognition
insight
creativity
40
Which is the best prototype (P) given the concept (C)?
C: Phone P: Nokia 3310
C: Internet Browser P: Chrome
C: Car P: Leopaard
C: Eating Utensil P: Spork
41
Which of these is a component of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory?
Storage
Sensory memory
Retrieval
Encoding
42
Exposure to what stimulus can result in the formation of iconic memory?
Light
Sound
Visual
Touch
43
Who proposed that creativity has five components?
Chomsky
Kohler
Atkinson
Sternberg
44
A young Anna struggles with visualizing squares as cubes. Her approach is confined by:
Abstract concepts
Her mental set
Creativity
Convergent thinking
45
Aphasia can cause damage in the left-hemisphere to
the brain stem
the cerebellum
Brocaâ€™s area
the cerebrum
46
How long does echoic memory last for?
4-5 seconds
3-4 seconds
1-2 seconds
2-3 seconds
47
What is the best demonstration of the spacing effect?
Studying one chapter per day until the exam
Spacing the graph in order to understand the material better
Cheating during the exam
Cramming the night before
48
Cognition being accounted for in modern psychology would be most opposed to by which figure?
Jean Piaget( Call Back Part Deux! )
None of the above. (This is an excellent cop out, use it mor
John B. Watson ( Call Back! )
Noam Chomsky
49
More time spent on a language equals better understanding of the language.Which effect is this?
Testing effect
Misinformation effect
Flashbulb Memories
Serial Position effect
50
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of 2 year olds' speech?
Telegraphic speech
Holographic speech
Their speech follows rules of syntax
Speaking in two-word statements
51
When does telegraphic speaking start?
24 moths
24 months
12 months
4 months
52
What is the most important common feature of language?
Modernism
Abstraction
Grammar
Phonemes
53
What type of thinking do you need to use answer this question?
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking
Creative thinking
Categoric thinking
54
Jack sees many people walking and assumes that having a dog is common. This is an example of:
belief perseverance
intuition
availability heuristic
mental set
55
A doctor tells you that you're underweight but you still want to lose weight. This is...
Mental Set
Confirmation bias
Belief perseverance
Insight
56
The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called...
Mental Set
Means-end analysis
Non-compensatory modeling
Prototypical idealization
57
How many pieces of information can the general brain memorize at once?
7
2
as many as they want
15
58
Episodic memory is ________ memory.
phonological buffer
visual buffer
implicit
explicit
59
Retention independent of conscious recollection is _________.
implicit memory
working memory
explicit memory
effortful processing
60
How many phonemes are in this question?
5
125
25
0
61
Which is more likely to be involved the cognitive processes of middle aged woman than a child?
Priming
Algorithms
Language Acquisition Device
Heuristics
62
a child is 24 months old and begins to use 2 word statements like "get food". What stage?
babbling
one word stage
two word stage
grammar
63
Eva can think of many uses for her homework like doing it, making a plane, etc. This best shows
deep processing
divergent thinking
framing
convergent thinking
64
At age 2, Santa's parents told him Santa wasn't real, so he clung to his existence until age 54
This is belief perseverance
This is confirmation bias
This is a mental set
This is intuition
65
Mr.Stark remembers attending Peter's funeral but not how he died past a certain time.Why?
Mr.Stark has retrograde amnesia
Peter wasnâ€™t a real Avenger, so Mr.Stark forgot him.
Mr.Stark has anterograde amnesia
Mr.Stark has a mood congruent memory..
66
What part of the brain is dedicated to the formation of implicit memory?
cerebellum and basal ganglia
frontal lobes and hippocampus
basal ganglia and hippocampus
hippocampus and cerebellum
67
Your baby cousin seems to be repeating random sounds. What stage of productive language?
Babbling stage
Fluent stage
One word stage
Two word stage
68
In order to answer this question, what process of memory are you using?
Encoding
Storage
Sensory
Retrieval
69
which of the following is an example of a prototype?
furniture->bookshelf
pet->dog
penguin->bird
drugs->Khat
70
What does Broca's area control?
language reception
linguistic determinism
learning
language expression
71
Which of the following best describes a phoneme?
A syllable
A form of telegraphic speech
Unit of sound
Unit of meaning
72
Which is the correct term for a short sensory memory of visual stimuli?
echoic memory
chunking
recall
iconic memory
73
Approximately when does babbling begin to resemble household language?
39 months
4 months
10 months
12 months
74
After work, Daniel realized that he ran into Tonyetta 3 times today. He knows because
Automatic processing is great
Effortful processing is great
Parallel processing is great
this happens every day. Three times was just a new low.
75
You get stuck on the same math problem. This is an example of
Insight learning
Mental set
Framing
Procedural memory
76
An inability to form new memories is
Anterograde amnesia
Retroactive interference
Retrograde amnesia
Source amnesia
77
Jen can only remember the first and last few presidents. This demonstrates which concept?
Overwhelmed encoding
Priming
Serial position effect
The spacing effect
78
What Can Be Defined As Memory?
Stored in the hippocampus and various places in the cortex
Learning done by encoding, storage and retrieval
All Answers Are Correct
The persistence of learning over time
79
Which part of the brain plays a role in explicit memories?
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Amygdala
80
What is anterograde amnesia?
ability to create new memories can recall old memories
inability to create new memories can recall past memory
inability to create new memories can't recall past memory
ability to create new memories can't recall old memories
81
All of these are meaningful components of language EXCEPT:
Syntax
Grammar
Concept
Phonemes
82
Remembering George Washington is the first president of the U.S on your test is an example of
Explicit memory
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Implicit memory
83
What is Parallel Processing?
the processing in a step by step fashion by the brain
None of the Answers Are Correct
All Answers Are Correct
the processing of stimuli simultaneously by the brain
84
At how many months of age do babies first demonstrate their command of grammar?
8
4
12
24
85
What is the order of processes required to remember any event?
The correct answer is not here
Retrievalâ†’Encodingâ†’Storage
Encodingâ†’Storageâ†’Retrieval
Storageâ†’Retrievalâ†’Encoding
86
Which of the following include the system of rules that make up grammar?
receptive and productive languages
semantics and syntax
morphemes
phonemes
87
Thinking of other uses of pencils instead of using it to writing is considered:
Convergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking
Insurgent Thinking
Detergent Thinking
88
Of the following, which do we not process automatically?
Frequency
Time
Space
Math
89
You tend click on links that aligns with what you already know, an example of:
Belief Preservation
Confidence
Laziness
Confirmation bias
90
What is an algorithm in psychology?
A math thingie
A systematic, rigorous problem solving strategy.
Gurl, I don't know!!!
Something that computer science students need to write
91
What does Broca's area control?
learning
language expression
language reception
linguistic determinism
92
what is an example of the spacing effect?
studying for a test a little every day
doing 100 SAT problems right before the SAT
studying for a test the morning of the test
giving a speech in different chunks
93
What is the effect of strong emotions on memory?
Can cause people to forget certain events
Can sear certain events into the brain
Can cause people to wrongly remember events
Causes fuzzy memories
94
If you are rotating and stretching a model of a vase in your head, then you are using your...
Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Parallel Processing
Short-Term Memory
95
MrMcNickle's daughter just spoke her first word! How is she most likely?
Fetus Stage
1 year old
4 Months
2 years old
96
What does the Wernicke's area of the brain do?
Controls language reception
Is used to understand how to spell correctly
Is the primary site of learning a new language
Controls language expression
97
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to be conditioned
Inability to form new memories
Inability to see into the future
Inability to retrieve information from one's past
98
Lady Gaga accidentally hits a wrong note. The pitch of the tone is determined byâ€¦
Timbre
Loudness
Amplitude
Frequency
99
Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?
Recalling what you had for dinner one month ago
Rewearing an outfit you wore two weeks ago
Learning how to use a flashlight
Remembering what you were doing on 9/11
100
Broca's area controls
language reception
language expression
hearing
conversation
101
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set is
cognition
semantics
framing
fixation
102
Which of the following is a heuristic?
Not judging a person by their clothing or way pf speaking
College interviewing a student before accepting them
Assuming that an Asian student is very good at math
Solving a math problem step by step and checking
103
Which of these best fits the definition of a language?
A unique form of communication
Spoken/written/gestured words
A part of cultural and national identity.
All of the above.
104
How are explicit memories encoded?
Effortful processing
Automatic processing
Shallow processing
Parallel processing
105
what is implicit memory?
auditory memory
memory based on generalizations
a calculus term
non-declarative and procedural memory
106
Ben has amnesia. A brain scan will show that he most likely has damage in his...
Hypothalamus
Reticular Formation
Medulla
Hippocampus
107
Repeating someone's name wrong even after hearing the correct way to pronounce their name is?
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Belief perseverance
Framing
108
A mental grouping of similar ideas, objects, events, or people is...
Category
Concept
Algorithm
Prototype
109
One of the most effective ways to make our memories distinctive is to use mental
Cues
Concentration
Imagery
Rehearsal
110
Which is a mental image or best example of category?
prototype
concept
cognition
convergent thinking
111
Which method of memorization is least effective?
Auditory repetition
Chunking
Mnemonics
Forming hierarchies
112
Through what processing can the human brain do things at the same time on dual tracks?
parallel processing
sensory processing
deep processing
shallow processing
113
Which of the following is not likely to be said by a 12 month old baby?
â€œMamaâ€
â€œDoggyâ€
â€œJuiceâ€
â€œTwo Doggyâ€
114
Which of the following process is NOT involved in Information-processing models?
chunking
retrieval
encoding
storage
115
Every time Karena is mega sad, she thinks of the time she ate a light bulb. This is
Explicit memory
Mood-congruent memory
Recalling memory
Flashbulb memory
116
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
Echoic memory
Iconic memory
Long term memory
Spacing memory
117
What is encoding?
The retention of encoded information over time.
The process of putting information to the memory system.
The process of getting information of the memory storage.
Organizing items into familiar manageable units
118
Our implicit memory processes all the following except
Space
Time
Frequency
Facts and general knowledge
119
Retrograde amnesia when a person suffers a brain injury and loses memory of
Events after the injury
childhood events before the age of 7
Events before the injury
Long term memory
120
Which of the following would a person develop first?
Holophrastic speech
Receptive language
Periphrastic speech
Telegraphic speech
121
According to Sternberg, which of the following is not a component of creativity
Creative Environment
Intrinsic Motivation
Parental Influence
Expertise
122
Which stage is not part of the memory stages?
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
Amnesia
Long-term memory
123
The cerebellum plays an important role in our forming and storing of
Echoic memory
Implicit memory
Iconic memory
Explicit memory
124
A step-wise, detailed approach to problem solving, likely to find the correct answer, is called
an availability heuristic
an algorithm
a representative heuristic
priming
125
Which of the following is not a stage of the Atkinson model of the memory forming process?
Long-Term Memory
Sensory Memory
Parallel Processing
Short-Term Memory
126
A flat earther refuses to accept the globe earth even after being proven wrong, an example of:
Confirmation Bias
Belief perseverance
Intelligence
Ignorance
127
Which definition best describes confirmation bias?
Continued existence of one's beliefs after their refutation
Differences in problem presentation/FRAMING lead to diff re
The process by which one's belief's lead to illogical conc.
The great focus on data that supports one's preconceptions
128
2 students are answering this puzzle "Q-W-E-R-?-?". One answers while the other does not. Why?
The student had a specific mental set on solving that puzzle
The student did not receive a prophecy.
The student got distracted by their application portal.
The puzzle book was rigged.
129
Why is it that you can repeat what the teacher said after embarking on a daydream?
Parallel Processing
Iconic Memory
Echoic Memory
Working memory
130
Which is NOT a way to improve memory?
sleep more
Rehearse repeatedly
study similar topics back-to-back
use mnemonic devices
131
Which psychologists' research focused on memory?
Herman Ebbinghaus
Wolfgang Kohler
Benjamin Whorf
Noam Chomsky
132
The inability to form new memories but being able to recall past memories is known as...
Retrograde Amnesia
DÃ©jÃ vu
Source Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
133
The action of brushing your teeth is what kind of memory?
Implicit Memory
Brush Memory
Explicit Memory
No Memory
134
Holly can remember her OSIS by splitting it up into 3 groups of 3 digits. This is known as
chunking
priming
retrieving
recalling
135
You remember all your piano training in the past, but cannot remember the name of a new friend
Anterograde Amnesia
Retroactive Interference
Retrograde Amnesia
Proactive Interference
136
Which is an example of a prototype?
A sample creation
Camo â€”> Military
All of the above
Apples
137
Which of the following is an example of a prototype?
A Canary
Pillows
Italian food
Silverware
138
You still think the Earth is flat even though evidence shows that it's round
Framing
Stubbornness
Belief Perserverance
Confirmation Bias
139
Linguistic determinism claims that
An enormous vocabulary stimulates cognitive growth
Our birth language decides our intelligence
Language itself shapes the way we think
Our place of origin determines our grasp of language
140
Isabella kicked the dog a little too hard and now the dog cant remember new things. This is
really sad. Alexa?
Anterograde Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
Gatorade Amnesia
141
How many levels of processing do we have and what are they?
2: basic, deep
3: shallow, deep, semantic
3: basic, deep, semantic
2: shallow, deep
142
Which of these is NOT a memorization technique?
Heuristic
Chunking
Imagery
Mnemonics
143
What is belief perseverance?
The way an issue is posed
Tendency to be more confident than correct
Keep initial belief despite proof discrediting its basis
Interpret new evidence as confirming one's existing beliefs
144
Problem-solving method that uses a step-by-step method; guarantees solution to certain problems
Heuristic
Schemas
Algorithm
Insights
145
What is overconfidence?
Tendency to lack trust in other people
to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
A tendency to believe one can accomplish a given task
Tendency to look for info that supports our preconceptions
146
Clinging to one's initial conception even after it has been proven false is an example of:
Overconfidence
confirmation bias
Belief Perseverance
intuition
147
Which of the following is not an example of a toddlerâ€™s telegraphic speech?
Bath
go eat
Play with toys
Eat food
148
A 13 month old baby is most likely to say....
Go park
ga ga ba
Dog
For the Motherland!!
149
Where is effortful memory such as explicit memories processed?
brain stem
Hippocampus and frontal lobes
basal ganglia and temporal lobes
cerebellum
150
Around how many months do children usually enter the one word stage?
24+
10
12
1
151
Which of the following is not part of the one word stage?
The ability to speak only one word
The association of a word with an object in the world
The tendency to speak in one-word sentences
The milestone of speaking their first word
152
The tendency to judge the likelihood of things according to how they relate to a prototype...
Representativeness Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
153
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to retrieve information from one's past
Inability to form new memories
Inability to see into the future
Inability to be conditioned
154
Which of the following is not an example of a concept and prototype respectively?
Furniture â€“ Chair
Apple â€“ Fruit
Color â€“ Blue
Dog â€“ Golden Retriever
155
Encoding that occurs with no effort is known as
Working memory
Automatic Processing
mnemonics
echoic memory
157
Approaching a problem in a way that has worked previously applies...
A heuristic
Insight
A mental set
Intuition
158
20 year old Rosie cannot recall episodic memories prior to age 3. This most specifically shows
infantile amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
source amnesia
159
The brain's ability to process numerous aspects of a problem simultaneously is referred to as:
effortful processing
parallel processing
automatic processing
deep processing
160
What are the three measures of retention?
Priming, Chunking, Interferance
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
Recall, Recognition, Relearning
Reflection, Regression, Replication
161
What damages one's ability of convergent thinking?
Injury to the amygdala
Injury to the right parietal libe
Injury to the left parietal lobe
Injury to the frontal lobes
162
The tendency support info that matches our preconceptions and ignore contradictory evidence
confirmation bias
mental set
framing
belief perseverance
163
What is implicit memory?
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
memory of facts and experiences one can consciously know
Retention without conscious recollection
164
which of the following statements is true about flashbulb memory?
A flashback from drug use
Portion of the memory that is caused by PTSD
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
A short term memory that lasts only for a day
165
The area of the brainstem that is most important in controlling breathing is the...
Medulla
Cerebellum
Limbic System
Hippocampus Suprachiasmatic nucleus
166
The three main processes in memory are encoding, storage, and
Retrieval
Retention
Recall
Recognition
167
What is a prototype?
The first model of a new cell phone
A mental image or best example of a category
The first Terminator
A mental grouping of objects, events, ideas, of people
168
What is a heuristic?
An example for a category
An automatic mental shortcut
A ballooning and weakened area in a blood vessel.
A detailed approach to problem solving
169
What type of processing encodes semantically based on the meaning of words?
Explicit processing
Effortful processing
Parallel processing
Deep processing
170
What is retrograde amnesia?
Inability to retrieve information from one's past
Inability to discern true and false memories
Inability to create sensory memory
Inability to form new memories
171
When children begin uttering two word sentences, they are in the
one word stage
storage
two word stage
babbling stage
172
Learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information is
imagery
mnemoonics
memory
fixation
173
Which memories are reliable?
Memories recovered after long period of amnesia
Memories recovered under the influence of drugs
Memories of a 16yo about something that happened 2 years ago
Memories of things happening before the age of 3
174
You are going to take a test with only 1 right answer. What will help you on the test?
divergent thinking
imagination
convergent thinking
creativity
175
Which stage in language development can babies only recognize differences in speech sounds?
Babbling stage
One-word stage
Two-word stage
Silent/Receptive stage
176
At 12 months, what stage of language is a baby in?
one word stage
babbling
short sentences
two word speech
177
I see a man in a hard yellow hat and assume he is a construction worker. Why?
overconfidence
representativeness heuristic
insight
availability heuristic
178
A baby can only say sounds like â€œda-da.â€ Which stage of productive language is the baby in?
Babbling
One-word stage
Receptive language
Two-word stage
179
What occurs at 10 months old stage of productive language
Language develops rapidly into complete sentences
Child begins to babble
Child engages at two word speech telegraphic
Babbling represents household language
180
How many phonemes are in the word â€œschoolâ€?
6
3
1
4
181
Critical period is
adolescence
an important time in your life
prime time to learn languages
a happy time in your life
182
Which of the following best categorizes an automatic or effortless thought or feeling?
Overconfidence
A heuristic
Intution
An algorithm
183
Which of the following is a phoneme, but not a morpheme?
S
M
A
I
184
Telegraphic speech begins to appear in which stage of speech development?
One-Word Stage
After two-word stage
Two-Word Stage
Babbling Stage
185
What is proactive interference?
Prior learning disrupts recall of new information
Defense mechanism to get rid of anxiety- arousing thoughts
Clinging to one's initial beliefs despite contrary evidence
New learning disrupts recall of old information
186
You don't automatically process information about
Space
Frequency
Time
Sound
187
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows:
A gradual drop in retention followed by a steep decline
A bell-shaped curve
A steep drop in retention followed by a gradual decline
A steady, gradual decrease of memory over time
188
Where is Broca's area located?
Occipital Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
189
Which one is a language?
Sign language
Binary
Morse code
Eye signals with your friend
190
What is Convergent Thinking?
Expands on the Number of Solutions to a Problem
Creating Solutions out of Thin Air
Narrows the Number of Solutions For the Best Solution
None of the Answers Are Correct
191
Which of the following is the correct order of stages in productive language?
Telegraphic Speech, One-Word Stage, Babbling Stage
Babbling Stage, One-Word Stage, Two-Word Stage
Babbling Stage, Two-Word Stage, One-Word Stage
One-Word Stage, Babbling Stage, Two-Word Stage
192
Which is NOT a stage in language development
Babbling resembles household language
language develops rapidly into complete sentences
Infant babbles many speech sounds
Child engages in three-word speech
193
If you got a question wrong, but are sure that the answer was correct, what are you displaying?
Confirmation Bais
Availability heuristic
intuition
Belief Perseverance
194
All the answer choices are problem solving strategies except for?
Insight
Heuristic
Overconfidence
Algorithm
195
What does Wernicke's area control?
learning
language reception
learning expression
linguistic determinism
196
Remembering the last few items on a list the best is an example of
Anterograde amnesia
The recency effect
Serial position effect
The primacy effect
197
What are the smallest meaningful units of speech?
Phonemes
Surface structure
Deep structure
Morphemes
198
What does a language need to have?
Vocabulary
All of the above
Accents and tonal sounds
Grammar
199
Which of the following is not information we automatically process?
Frequency
Time
Names
Space
200
Is it easier to remember things through aural or visuals?
Neither
Aural
Visual
All THREE!!!
201
Hermann Ebbinghaus referred to the inability to recall details of a story after several reps...
Important stuff early
Compartmentalization
Crystallization of facts
Condensation of detail
202
Linguistic acquisition is subject to what?
A critical period
Cognition
Grimm's Law
Concepts
203
Karen refused use a map because she said her instincts were god tier. Everyone died. This is
Overconfidence
Intuition
Insight
Illegal
204
1. At what age, can babies say Ma-ma, or Da-da.
4 months
24 months +
10 months
24 months
205
Which of the following are true about algorithms and heuristics?
both are detailed approaches to problem solving
algorithm's a detailed approach, heuristic's an automic app
none of the above
both are automic approaches to problem solving
206
When Mr. McNickle's infant daughter makes nonsensical noises
A secret language understood only by babies
Telegraphic Speech
Receptive Language
Babbling Stage
207
In how many months can a child begin engaging in two-word speech?
12 months
4 months
10 months
24 months
208
The understanding that an object exists even though it's not within their vision. This is...
Self-Actualization
Object Permanence
Intrinsic Motivation
Lens
209
Which of the following is a morpheme?
F
President
A and B
Hit
210
What is the form of memory that utilizes chunks
Long term memory
Short term memory
Cramming
Heuristic
211
What is an example of a baby over-generalizing her surroundings?
The baby smacks their mouth to signal hunger.
The baby bites a lemon thinking that it is a sweet orange.
The baby babbles when their dad talks to them.
The baby copies their moms words when she talks.
212
Which of these are NOT effortful processing strategies?
Cues
Mnemonics
Chunking
Hierarchies
213
We encode explicit memories through
Automatic processing
Effortful processing
Shallow processing
Parallel processing
214
which of the following is linked with a visual stimuli?
iconic memory
long term memory
short term memory
echoic memory
215
What is generalization in Classical Conditioning?
Organism's response to similar stimuli is also reinforced
The Tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the CS
Responding decreases
NS is paired with the US to become as CS
216
Linguistic acquisition is subject to what?
Grimm's Law
Concepts
A critical period
Cognition
217
What is a phoneme?
The babbling a baby does when it's learning to talk
A way of learning language using audio recordings
A unit of sound
A unit of meaning
218
We are able to derive meaning from semantics because of
Grammar
Dialects
Accents
Written language
219
Around when does an offspring begin to babble?
About 120 days after birth
After 2 years
4 months after conception
After 1 year
220
We apply an algorithm when we...
All of the Above.
Check every library shelf to find a book we're looking for.
Solve two-digit by two-digit multiplication problems.
Order every item on a menu to see what we like the best.
221
This part of the brain controls language expression.
Basal Ganglia
Hippocampus
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
222
Term for clinging to initial conceptions after their original basis has been disproved?
Mental set
Belief preseverance
Confirmation bias
Overconfidence
223
Which of these is NOT an example of a morpheme?
ch
banana
it
a
224
What is a prototype for a dog?
all the dogs in the world
four legged creature, cute, furry, barks, tails
woof
husky
225
You think "I've experienced this before," you're experiencing _________.
deja vu
telepathy
source amnesia
prototype
226
Which of the following words contains three morphemes?
Invisible
Nationalize
Cat
Backyard
227
Which of the following involves the inability to form new memories?
anterograde amnesia
eidetic memory
source amnesia
retrograde amnesia
228
How many morphemes are in the word â€œunluckyâ€?
2
7
3
1
229
Which feature is not shared by all languages?
Nouns, verbs, and adjectives
Spoken words
Grammar
Social context
230
What do we call the smallest distinctive sound units in language?
Morphemes
Phonetics
Phonemes
Syllables
231
Which of the following is an example of a concept-prototype?
Smartphone - iPhone
Phone - smartphone
Smartphone - phone
iPhone - Smartphone
232
how many phonemes are there in english?
44
40
30
26
233
This area of the brain controls language expression
Broca's Area
Wernicke's Area
Occipital Lobe
Hypothalamus
234
The processing of information into the memory system is known as
chunking
Storage
Retrieval
Encoding
235
A man is unable to form new memories but could recall the past. What does he have?
Infantile amnesia
Transient global amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia

AP Psychology Memory, Cognition and Language Flashcards | StudBud