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Physical Climatology final exam review Flashcards | StudBud
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Physical Climatology final exam review
Physical Climatology final exam review
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1
Which of following controls the interactions between rad. & clouds?
total mass of water in cloud
height of cloud
size & shape of the cloud particles
all of the above
2
a(alpha)
albedo
1360m^2
3
P=EVT+R what is R?
runoff
random
ruin
realllly?
4
How much has the global temperature increased in deg C since the latter part of 20th century
3 deg C
1.2 deg C
0.89 deg C
9 deg C
5
A?
soil moisture recharge
soil moisture withdrawal
surplus
deficit
6
Where does most absorption of solar radiation take place in earth's system?
at the surface
the atmosphere
within deep tropical clouds
beneath the thermocline
7
As the radius of avg. particle in a cloud increases, albedo (brightness) of cloud
increases
decreases
starts rooting for Ole Miss
doesn't change
8
amount of radiant energy emitted from surface is proportional to the 4th power of its temp
dines compensation
stefan boltzmann equation
9
total amount of OLR is less than whats absorbed. Where is most excess radiation stored?
the atmosphere
biosphere
oceans
lithosphere
10
As part of operational def of an EL nino event avg SST anomaly in Nino 3.4 region above _ for _
0.5 degC, 5 consecutive overlapping 3 month periods
1.0 degrees C, 5 consecutive overlapping 3 month periods
1.0 degrees C, one 3 month period
0.5 deg C, one 3 month period
11
which would most likely be in southeast US when AO is neg. & ENSO is in warm phase (EL NINO)
warmer, wetter winter
colder, drier winter
warmer, drier winter
colder, snowier winter
12
Which of the following surfaces is best described by graph of diurnal energy fluxes below
an asphalt parking lot
a dry lake bed in a desert
a lush vegetative field
a park with a dense tree canopy
13
potential evapotranspiration
almost always peaks in winter
always exceeds the actual evapotranspiration
is routinely measured at first order weather stations
represents the water need of the atmosphere
14
which of following is not true regarding el nino events
precip over amazon decreases
the slope of thermocline across equatorial pacific decreases
coastal kelvin waves migrate north/south along west americas
the trade winds strengthen
15
which of following is true between 15 & 40 deg latitude?
water vap transported where precipitation is maxed globally
both a and b
neither a or b
evaporation exceeds precipitation
16
G=
ground energy storage
energy output
17
List one of the main authoritative resources on climate change?
Eeiman
CO2
IPCC
wisconsin
18
Which of following gases has greatest heating rate in troposphere?
carbon dioxide
ozone
water vapor
methane
19
which of following locations experiences the lowest annual average precipitation?
western pacific ocean
north atlantic ocean
south pacific convergence zone
arctic ocean
20
What is the name of the current interglacial phase?
eeiman
Holoseim interglacial
hovmoller
21
T in this image is
Tonia!
temperature
idk
22
relationship between the wavelength of peak emission & temp of a body is described by
Wien's Law
The Stefan-Boltzmann equation
Beer's Law
Planck's Law
23
the PDO operates on a longer time scale than ENSO
false
true
24
most climate model projections extend out to what year?
2050
2025
2100
2200
25
List 2 teleconnections that been found to explain relative lack of warming in US warming hole
UN & ASO
PNA & PDO
IME & YOU
AO and TNH
26
A Hovmoller diagram is unique in that
time is plotted on the vertical (y) axis
plots atmospheric & oceanic variables on the same graph
it does not plot variables as a function of time
it is only used to plot sea surface temperatures
27
The water vapor window is located between
8-12 microns
1-3 microns
5-8 microns
0.4-0.7 microns
28
What process (flux) drives hydrologic cycle
sensible heat flux
latent heat flux
29
What is the primary goal of climatology?
measuring forces of atmos. at scales met. does not
predicting state of atmosphere across large spatial scales
figuring out ways to control extent of global warming
gainin understandin of long term processes in climate system
30
SST anomalies in Nino 3.4 region tend to underestimate the strength of EL Nino events in Pacif
TRue
False
31
the apparent "pause" in the current global warming trend started in
1910
1998
1850
1945
32
which hypothesis for increase in min. surface temp in central valley of Cali over 20th century?
drainage of cold air from higher elevations of Sierras
energy stored in the vegetative landscape
enhanced greenhouse warming..
enhanced downward sensible heat flux resulting from extra...
33
P=EVT+R what is EVT?
eventually
evapotranspiration
even Steven
even
34
a typical el nino event, in its entirety, last about...
10-14 months
16-20 months
1-4 months
6-8 months
35
the most recent glacial phase peaked around __ years ago
18,000
65,000
10,000
120,000
36
what process transports the greatest amount of longwave rad. upward from the surface?
convection
Evaporation
conduction
longwave emission
37
About what percentage of the crops in MS Delta region are irrigated?
65%
90%
50%
25%
38
When did Peruvian fisherman note a decline in anchovy populations off the coast?
around summer solstice
during the autumn & spring transition
around Christmas time
when the trade winds strengthened
39
which is NOT true about extreme Greenland Blocking events
they are decreasing in intensity
they are increasing in frequency
they occur during a positive phase of NAO
they are increasing in duration
40
what sub field of climatology acts as a bridge between meteorology & climatology
weather
synoptic climatology
climate
41
which of the following is historically associated with increased drought frequency in CONUS
positive AMO
Negative AMO
42
What term refers to amount of liquid water that would accumulate in a rain gauge
irrigation
precipitable
43
the transmission of energy from sun to the earth is achieved thru what process
conduction
solar radiation
44
P=EVT+R what is P?
precipitation
people
place
45
the average annual draw down of water table over the MS Delta region is
30-40 in
20-30 in
100-200 in
6-25 in
46
plancks function relates the intensity of rad. from a blackbody to its
temperature
wavelength
47
SH
solar heat
sensible heat
48
Test 1 complete! Go Over Short Answers!
yay
i got this!
trusting God!
believe you can!
49
Which of following is an EX) of an imbalance in global hydrologic cycle?
input of meltwater into oceans from continental ice sheets
neither A or B
removal of biomass thru deforestation
Both A and B
50
How far back in Earth's history do our proxy records extend
2.5 billion years ago
55 million years ago
500 million years ago
4.5 billion years ago
51
D?
surplus
soil moisture recharge
soil moisture withdrawal
deficit
52
Glacial phases tend to develop more slowly & last longer than interglacial phases
true
false
53
Which is most likely to result in above average temperatures along the west coast of US
positive phase of the PNA
negative phase of the PDO
negative phase of the TNH
positive phase of the AO
54
C?
soil moisture withdrawal
deficit
soil moisture recharge
surplus
55
Which of following is true above about 40deg latitude?
absorbed solar radiation is greater than emitted longwave R.
mean annual poleward energy flux is max in oceans
net radiation is less than zero (ex: negative)
none is true
56
which of following is not true regarding La Nina events
tornado frequency increases across the florida peninsula
precip is more variable across the US west coast
the slope of the thermocline in western pacific is steep
precip decreases across the southern US
57
Rs=
net radiative flux
radiation
Co2
58
s in equation is
solar constant
surface area
59
what greenhouse gas exhibits a broad absorption band above 15 microns
CO2
salt
H2O water vapor
60
B?
surplus
deficit
soil moisture recharge
soil moisture withdrawal
61
What are global climate models of future conditions primarily driven by?
CO2
H2O
greenhouse gases
62
Which of following spheres contributes to earths global energy balance
all of the above
lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
63
Name of device that determines amount of evaporation based on the weight of the overlying soil?
lysimeter
planet
pyrometer
lather
64
durin La nina events the walker circulation is
unchanged
strengthened
confused
reversed
65
most of radiant energy that is received at earth's surface originates in the...
atmosphere
stars
66
LE=
sensible heat
latent heat
67
during an ice age, global temps can vary by ___ between glacial & interglacial phases
10-15 deg C
15-20 deg C
20-25 deg C
5-10 deg C
68
strong southwesterly winds associated w/ the Aleutian low r found during which phase of the PDO
neutral
positive
negative
confused
69
the circumpolar vortex in NH is strongly related to what teleconnection?
NAO
TNH
AO
70
what greenhouse gas exhibits a very narrow absorption band around 9.5 microns
Co2
H2O
O3
71
o (sigma)
1.23
5.67*10^-8
72
which of following features of climate of the SE US do observations & models seem to agree on?
decreased number of tornadoes
increased precip variability
decreased snow cover
increased summertime max temps
73
what year do most climate scientists state as the beginning of current "global warming" trend?
1901
1976
1998
1958
74
How much would global sea level increase if the entire Greenland ice sheet melted?
10 ft
20 ft
66 ft
15 ft
75
how many ice ages have occurred thru out earth's history
5
20
1
15
76
ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, & snow cover are part of what sphere
lithosphere
cryosphere
77
In PCA the distribution of eigenvalues among all eigenvectors is plotted on a
scree plot
pie chart
line graph
bar graph
78
In principal components analysis what term refers to the eigenvector w/ the highest eigenvalue?
principal component
principal analysis
eigenvector
79
Greenland blocking refers to what specific type of blocking pattern?
omega blocking
CO2
IPCC
80
which of following regions would you expect to see greatest amount of OLR
Indonesia
Amazon
Antarctica
Sahara Desert
81
HOW YA FEELIN?
TIME FOR the HOLIDAYS!
VERY GREAT!
READY FOR CHRISTMAS
BLESSED!
82
about how much of the precip that falls on land comes from water that evaporated over oceans
50%
10%
33%
100%
83
which of following is not a characteristic of positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation
drier conditions prevail across south Europe & Mediterranean
temperatures across the eastern US are warmer than average
strong zonal westerlies R observed across the North Atlantic
atmospheric blocking OV Greenland =>great ice sheet melting
84
we are currently in an ice age that most likely began ___ years ago
40-50 million
300,000-400,000
700-800 million
15,000-20,000
85
the southern oscillation..
diff in surf pressure western & central equatorial Pac-Ocean
exhibits neg. index values during LA Nina
by Jacob Bjerknes while studying in indian monsoon
relates to SST differences between equatorial Pac/Atl oceans
86
Roughly how much of cooling at earths surface takes place as a result of evaporation?
95%
50%
33%
10%
87
which of following represents surplus conditions
P<PE
P>PE when soil is less than field capacity
ET<PE
P>PE when soil is at field capacity
88
the record-breaking cold winter of 2013-2014 across the midwest US was associated w/ what
positive phase of TNH
negative phase of the PNA
negative phase of the AMO
positive phase of NAO
89
what year does the observational climate record begin?
1750
1850
1950
1900
90
What affect does urban canyon have on surface energy budget of a city
Both A and B
neither A or B
decreases the longwave radiation loss from the surfaces
it increases absorption of solar radiation
91
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Madden Julian Oscillation
it is only measured in the Nino 3.4 region
it operates on time scales of 30-60 days
has been associated w/ heavy precip over parts of west NA
temporarily disrupts eastward progression of warm water
92
thornwaite's revised model for potential evapotranspiration
doesn't include wind speed
from physical laws as opposed to statistical associations
requires an evaporation pan
does not include latitude
