What is meant by "individual characteristics" in forensic evidence?

Evidence that has common source with extremely high degree of probability

What should be kept regarding personnel movements at a crime scene?

A detailed log with names and times

What are "class characteristics" in forensic science?

Evidence associated only with a group

What is the broadest definition of forensic science?

The application of science to criminal and civil laws

What is the Frye standard for admissibility of scientific evidence?

The evidence must be "generally accepted" by the scientific community

What should be included in a rough crime scene sketch?

A compass showing the North direction

What is the first responsibility of the responding police officer at a crime scene?

Acquiring medical assistance for injured victims

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the increasing number of crime laboratories?

Increased funding for law enforcement

What is the primary advantage of gas chromatography in drug analysis?

It can resolve a complex mixture into its components within minutes

What can forensic anthropologists potentially determine from examining bones?

Sex, approximate age, race, and skeletal injury

Which of the following factors affects alcohol absorption time?

The type of beverage (e.g., beer vs. 80 proof alcohol)

What is one of the current weaknesses in forensic science regarding class evidence?

Inability to assign exact or approximate probability values

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

What is the primary responsibility of forensic toxicologists?

Detecting & identifying drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues & organs

Which of the following is NOT one of the Daubert criteria for gauging the reliability of scientific evidence?

Whether the evidence was collected by certified technicians

What is the goal of identification in forensic science?

Determine the physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty

What is the primary function of the firearms unit in a crime laboratory?

Investigating discharged bullets and cartridge cases

What is the definition of a drug according to the lecture?

Natural or synthetic substance produce physiological/psychological effects

What is a "visual tag" in crime scene photography?

An object recorded in multiple overview photographs

What is the purpose of a screening test in forensic drug identification?

To reduce the possibilities to a manageable number

What is the purpose of the external examination during an autopsy?

To overview the condition of the body and clothing

What is the correct order for crime scene photography?

Overview, medium-range, close-up

What type of information does the PDQ database contain?

Chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paint

What should be worn when handling potentially infectious material at a crime scene?

Latex gloves and possibly chemical resistant clothing, shoe covers, mask...

What is the primary goal of a forensic/medicolegal autopsy?

To determine the cause and manner of death

In the case of Michigan v. Tyler, what was the Court's decision regarding evidence seized days after the first incident?

Only evidence from the initial search was legally seized

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CHY183: Group Chat Midterm Practice Test

98 termsStudBud Administration32 plays

Flashcards98 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 98

Answers

1
What is meant by "individual characteristics" in forensic evidence?
Evidence that has common source with extremely high degree of probability
Characteristics unique to a specific type of crime
Evidence that can only be associated with one person
Evidence that can only be analyzed individually
2
What should be kept regarding personnel movements at a crime scene?
No record is necessary
A voice recording
A detailed log with names and times
A mental note
3
Which schedule in Controlled Substances Act includes drugs with high potential for abuse and not accepted medical use?
Schedule III
Schedule I
Schedule II
Schedule IV
4
What are "class characteristics" in forensic science?
Evidence that can be classified by the court
Characteristics that define a specific class of crimes
Characteristics shared by all physical evidence
Evidence associated only with a group
5
Which of the following is NOT a typical workplace for forensic toxicologists?
Hospital laboratories
Police departments
Crime laboratories
Medical examiners' offices
6
What is the broadest definition of forensic science?
The study of criminal behavior
The analysis of crime scene evidence
The development of new investigative techniques
The application of science to criminal and civil laws
7
What is the Frye standard for admissibility of scientific evidence?
The evidence must have a low error rate
The evidence must be presented by an expert witness
The evidence must be "generally accepted" by the scientific community
The evidence must be tested in multiple laboratories
8
Which insect is described as the most common and important in forensic entomology?
Blowfly
Wasp
Beetle
Housefly
9
Which of the following is allowed at the immediate crime scene?
Drinking
Smoking
None of the above
Eating
10
What should be included in a rough crime scene sketch?
Fingerprints of all suspects
Only the location of the body
A compass showing the North direction
Detailed descriptions of evidence
11
What is the first responsibility of the responding police officer at a crime scene?
Securing the crime scene
Acquiring medical assistance for injured victims
Calling for additional personnel
Detaining suspects
12
Which of the following is NOT an opiate mentioned in the lecture?
Methadone
Codeine
Morphine
LSD
13
In the Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc. case, who was determined to be the "gatekeeper" for the admissibility
The jury
The trial judge
The scientific community
The expert witness
14
What enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolizing ethanol in the liver?
Catalase
Cytochrome P450
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
15
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the increasing number of crime laboratories?
Increased funding for law enforcement
The advent of DNA profilin
Accelerated drug abuse
Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s
16
What is the primary advantage of gas chromatography in drug analysis?
It can identify all drugs with 100% accuracy
It can resolve a complex mixture into its components within minutes
It requires no sample preparation
It is inexpensive and easy to use
17
What are the two main purposes for examining physical evidence?
Documentation and presentation
Collection and storage
Preservation and destruction
Identification and comparison
18
What can forensic anthropologists potentially determine from examining bones?
Sex, approximate age, race, and skeletal injury
Exact time of death
The deceased's occupation
Cause of death in all cases
19
Which of the following is NOT a method for crime-scene recording?
Sketches
Photography
Notes
Audio recording
20
Which of the following factors affects alcohol absorption time?
The type of beverage (e.g., beer vs. 80 proof alcohol)
The color of the alcoholic beverage
The temperature of the room
The drinker's hair color
21
What is the relationship between blood alcohol concentration and alcohol concentration in the brain?
They are inversely proportional
C) There is no relationship
The relationship varies depending on the individual
They are directly proportional
22
What is the half-life of cocaine before it is metabolized?
15 minutes
45 minutes
4 hours
2 hours
23
What is one of the current weaknesses in forensic science regarding class evidence?
Inability to assign exact or approximate probability values
Inability to collect class evidence properly
Overreliance on class evidence in court
Lack of technology to analyze class evidence
24
What is IAFIS?
Institute of Advanced Forensic Identification Studies
Investigative Analysis of Forensic Information Systems
International Association of Forensic Investigation Services
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
25
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the smallest wavelength and highest energy?
Microwaves
Radio waves
Infrared radiation
Gamma rays
26
What is the primary responsibility of forensic toxicologists?
Performing autopsies
Testifying in court as expert witnesses
A) Analyzing crime scene evidence
Detecting & identifying drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues & organs
27
Which of the following is NOT typically collected during an autopsy for laboratory examination?
Victim's clothing
Dental records
Fingernail scrapings
Buccal swab
28
Which of the following is NOT one of the Daubert criteria for gauging the reliability of scientific evidence?
Whether the technique or theory can be tested
Whether the evidence was collected by certified technicians
Whether the theory has been subject to peer review and publication
The technique's potential rate of error
29
What is the most common source for narcotic drugs?
Synthetic laboratories
Coca leaves
Opium
Cannabis
30
What is the goal of identification in forensic science?
To establish probable cause for an arrest
To match evidence to a specific individual
Determine the physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty
To categorize evidence for court presentation
31
What is the primary function of the firearms unit in a crime laboratory?
Investigating discharged bullets and cartridge cases
Processing latent fingerprints
Examining handwriting
Analyzing blood samples
32
What is the definition of a drug according to the lecture?
A substance that always leads to addiction
A chemical compound used only for medical purposes
Natural or synthetic substance produce physiological/psychological effects
Any illegal substance
33
Which color test turns purple in the presence of heroin and opium derivatives?
Dillie Koppanyi test
Marquis test
Duquenois Levine test
Scott test
34
What legal principle ensures that drivers must consent to alcohol testing or face license suspension?
Miranda rights
Fourth Amendment
Implied consent law
Habeas corpus
35
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a special forensic science service?
Forensic psychiatry
Forensic engineering
Forensic odontology
Forensic meteorology
36
What is forensic entomology primarily used for in death investigations?
Determining the cause of death
Estimating the time of death
Locating missing bodies
Identifying the deceased
37
What is a "visual tag" in crime scene photography?
An object recorded in multiple overview photographs
The photographer's signature
A digital watermark on photos
A label placed on evidence
38
Which of the following does NOT lead to physical dependence with regular use?
Heroin
Cocaine
OxyContin
Morphine
39
What is the purpose of a screening test in forensic drug identification?
To determine the purity of a drug
To establish the chain of custody
To specifically identify a substance
To reduce the possibilities to a manageable number
40
What is the purpose of the external examination during an autopsy?
To determine time of death
To remove internal organs
To collect toxicological specimens
To overview the condition of the body and clothing
41
What is the correct order for crime scene photography?
Overview, medium-range, close-up
Close-up, medium-range, overview
Random order is acceptable
Medium-range, close-up, overview
42
Which of the following is an alkali metal?
Aluminum
Magnesium
Calcium
Sodium
43
Which of the following is NOT listed as a common type of physical evidence?
Fingerprints
Blood
DNA
Vehicle lights
44
What type of information does the PDQ database contain?
DNA profiles of unsolved cases
DNA profiles of unsolved cases
Personal details of convicted criminals
Chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paint
45
What is Locard's Exchange Principle?
Criminals always leave fingerprints at the scene
Every contact leaves a trace
Crime scenes must be photographed before evidence collection
All evidence must be analyzed in a laboratory
46
What does CODIS stand for?
Centralized Operational Database for Investigative Support
Combined DNA Index System
Computerized Offense Data Indexing System
Criminal Offender Database Information Service
47
What should be worn when handling potentially infectious material at a crime scene?
Full hazmat suit
Latex gloves and possibly chemical resistant clothing, shoe covers, mask...
Only latex gloves
Regular clothing is sufficient
48
What is the primary goal of a forensic/medicolegal autopsy?
To identify the victim
To determine the cause and manner of death
To collect DNA evidence
To preserve the body
49
How long does it take for alcohol to be completely absorbed into the bloodstream when drinking on an empty stomach?
30-90 minutes
5-15 minutes
2-4 hours
6-8 hours
50
What is the chemical substance largely responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of marijuana?
PCP
CBD
LSD
THC
51
In the case of Michigan v. Tyler, what was the Court's decision regarding evidence seized days after the first incident?
All evidence was illegally seized
Only evidence from the initial search was legally seized
The case was dismissed
All evidence was legally seized
52
What does ADME stand for in toxicology?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination
Activation, Deactivation, Modification, Expulsion
Assimilation, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion
Assimilation, Dissolution, Modification, Expulsion
53
What is algor mortis?
The loss of body heat after death
The settling of blood in the body after death
The decomposition of the body after death
The stiffening of body parts after death
54
Which of the following is a depressant?
Barbiturates
MDMA
Amphetamine
Cocaine
55
What percentage of alcohol is typically excreted unchanged in breath, urine, and perspiration?
15%
1%
5%
10%
56
What is the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood in forensic labs?
Gas chromatography
Electrochemical analysis
Immunoassay
Spectrophotometry
57
What is a chain of custody?
A list of all crime scene personnel
A series of linked crime scenes
A list of all persons who came into possession of an item of evidence
The order of evidence collection
58
What is the primary concern when collecting DNA-containing specimens?
Speed of collection
Quantity of sample
Contamination
Cost of equipment
59
Which unit in a crime laboratory would likely analyze paint samples?
Firearms unit
Biology unit
Physical science unit
Document examination unit
60
What type of incision is typically used for the internal examination during an autopsy?
Y-shaped
T-shaped
I-shaped
X-shaped
61
Which process in ADME involves the movement of a drug from the bloodstream into various tissues and organs?
Metabolism
Absorption
Elimination
Distribution
62
Who is considered the father of forensic toxicology?
Francis Galton
Alphonse Bertillon
Mathieu Orfila
Leone Lattes
63
What law describes the relationship between the quantity of light absorbed and the concentration of absorbing species
Ohm's Law
Newton's Law
Ohm's Law
Beer's Law
64
What is the purpose of the NIBIN database?
To analyze chemical compositions of drugs
To compare DNA profiles
To store and compare fingerprints
To compare markings made by firearms on bullets and cartridge casings
65
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method as described in the lecture?
Formulate a reasonable hypothesis
Publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal
Formulate a question worthy of investigation
Formulate a question worthy of investigation
66
What term is used for the time between death and discovery of a body in forensic entomology?
Death interval
Death interval
Entomological timeline
Postmortem interval (PMI)
67
According to the lecture, how can familiarity with evidence collection be gained where no formal training exists?
Through online courses only
By shadowing experienced detectives
By reading forensic science textbooks
Through lectures, tours of the lab, and evidence collection manuals
68
What is a standard/reference sample?
A sample taken from the crime scene
A sample of the most common type of evidence
A sample from a previous, similar crime
Physical evidence whose origin is known
69
What is crack cocaine?
Cocaine mixed with heroin
Pure cocaine
A synthetic form of cocaine
Cocaine mixed with baking soda and water, then heated
70
What did the Kumho Tire Co., Ltd v. Carmichael case determine?
Only scientific testimony requires a gatekeeper
The judge acts as a gatekeeper for all expert testimony
Expert witnesses don't need to appear in person
The Frye standard is the only admissibility test
71
Which element is NOT a transition metal?
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
Copper
72
Under the Fourth Amendment, when is a warrantless search and seizure justified?
In emergency circumstances, among other specific situations
Never
Only with probable cause
At any time
73
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transition metals?
Variable oxidation states
High melting points
Ability to form colored compounds
Poor electrical conductivity
74
What is the primary focus of forensic anthropology?
Examination of blood spatter patterns
Study of insect activity on corpses
Identification and examination of human skeletal remains
Analysis of DNA evidence
75
What happens as the number of different objects linking an individual to a crime scene increases?
The evidence becomes less reliable
The need for eyewitness testimony decreases
The court automatically convicts the individual
The likelihood of that individual's involvement with the crime increases
76
What is the primary objective of forensic toxicology in alcohol analysis?
To determine the type of alcohol consumed
Detect and isolate alcohol in body to identify influence on human behavior
To develop new methods for alcohol production
To measure the amount of alcohol produced by the body
77
What is the average elimination or "burn-off" rate of alcohol?
0.005%/hr
0.035%/hr
0.015%/hr
0.025%/hr
78
What is the current legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for drunk driving in the United States?
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.10%
79
What is the primary metabolite of ethanol?
Acetyl-CoA
Acetone
Acetic acid
Acetaldehyde
80
In breath testing for alcohol, what is the approximate ratio of alcohol in blood to alcohol in alveolar breath at 34°C?
2,100 to 1
210 to 1
4,200 to 1
1,050 to 1
81
Approximately how many traffic deaths each year are attributed to alcohol intoxication in Western
10,000
17,000
25,000
5,000
82
How should the boundaries of a crime scene be secured?
With temporary fencing
With armed guards only
With police vehicles
With crime scene tape, ropes, or cones
83
What is physical evidence in forensic science?
Items collected solely from crime scenes
Objects that can establish a crime has or has not been committed
Evidence that can only be analyzed in a laboratory
Only items that can prove a crime was committed
84
Who developed the procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains?
Albert Osborn
Francis Galton
Calvin Goddard
Leone Lattes
85
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of death mentioned in the lecture?
Asphyxia
Drowning
Blunt force injury
Sharp force injury
86
Which factor does NOT affect the development of insect evidence in forensic entomology?
Victim's blood type
A) Geographical location
Climate
Presence of drugs in the body
87
Which search pattern involves investigators searching in straight lines from the center to the boundary?
Grid Search Pattern
Line/Strip Search Pattern
Spiral Search Pattern
Wheel/Ray Search Pattern
88
How many categories are used to classify the manner of death on death certificates?
4
6
3
5
89
What is a critical phase of the death investigation?
Taking photographs
Preliminary reconstruction of events
Collecting fingerprints
Interviewing witnesses
90
What did Alphonse Bertillon devise in 1879?
Blood type determination from dried bloodstains
Document examination principles
Fingerprint classification system
The first scientific system of personal identification
91
Which enzyme converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid in alcohol metabolism?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Aldehyde oxidase
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Cytochrome P450
92
In a comparative analysis, what is compared?
Two pieces of evidence from different crime scenes
Physical evidence and digital evidence
A suspect specimen and a standard/reference specimen
Laboratory results and eyewitness accounts
93
Which of the following is NOT a field sobriety test mentioned in the lecture?
One-leg stand
Walk and turn
Horizontal gaze nystagmus test
Finger-to-nose test
94
What is the primary use of anabolic steroids?
Pain relief
Accelerating muscle growth
Inducing hallucinations
Treating depression
95
How does alcohol primarily affect the human body?
It depresses the central nervous system, particularly the brain
It stimulates the central nervous system
It only affects the liver
It has no effect on the central nervous system
96
Which of the following is an example of evidence with individual characteristics?
Hair color
Shoe size
Fingerprint ridge characteristics
Blood type
97
Which of the following is NOT considered a club drug?
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Morphine
GHB
Ketamine
98
Which of the following is NOT a method used to estimate time of death?
Analyzing hair growth
Measuring potassium in the vitreous humor
Examining stomach contents
Observing rigor mortis

CHY183: Group Chat Midterm Practice Test Flashcards | StudBud

CHY183: Group Chat Midterm Practice Test

98 termsStudBud Administration32 plays

Flashcards98 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 98

Answers

1
What is meant by "individual characteristics" in forensic evidence?
Evidence that has common source with extremely high degree of probability
Characteristics unique to a specific type of crime
Evidence that can only be associated with one person
Evidence that can only be analyzed individually
2
What should be kept regarding personnel movements at a crime scene?
No record is necessary
A voice recording
A detailed log with names and times
A mental note
3
Which schedule in Controlled Substances Act includes drugs with high potential for abuse and not accepted medical use?
Schedule III
Schedule I
Schedule II
Schedule IV
4
What are "class characteristics" in forensic science?
Evidence that can be classified by the court
Characteristics that define a specific class of crimes
Characteristics shared by all physical evidence
Evidence associated only with a group
5
Which of the following is NOT a typical workplace for forensic toxicologists?
Hospital laboratories
Police departments
Crime laboratories
Medical examiners' offices
6
What is the broadest definition of forensic science?
The study of criminal behavior
The analysis of crime scene evidence
The development of new investigative techniques
The application of science to criminal and civil laws
7
What is the Frye standard for admissibility of scientific evidence?
The evidence must have a low error rate
The evidence must be presented by an expert witness
The evidence must be "generally accepted" by the scientific community
The evidence must be tested in multiple laboratories
8
Which insect is described as the most common and important in forensic entomology?
Blowfly
Wasp
Beetle
Housefly
9
Which of the following is allowed at the immediate crime scene?
Drinking
Smoking
None of the above
Eating
10
What should be included in a rough crime scene sketch?
Fingerprints of all suspects
Only the location of the body
A compass showing the North direction
Detailed descriptions of evidence
11
What is the first responsibility of the responding police officer at a crime scene?
Securing the crime scene
Acquiring medical assistance for injured victims
Calling for additional personnel
Detaining suspects
12
Which of the following is NOT an opiate mentioned in the lecture?
Methadone
Codeine
Morphine
LSD
13
In the Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc. case, who was determined to be the "gatekeeper" for the admissibility
The jury
The trial judge
The scientific community
The expert witness
14
What enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolizing ethanol in the liver?
Catalase
Cytochrome P450
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
15
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the increasing number of crime laboratories?
Increased funding for law enforcement
The advent of DNA profilin
Accelerated drug abuse
Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s
16
What is the primary advantage of gas chromatography in drug analysis?
It can identify all drugs with 100% accuracy
It can resolve a complex mixture into its components within minutes
It requires no sample preparation
It is inexpensive and easy to use
17
What are the two main purposes for examining physical evidence?
Documentation and presentation
Collection and storage
Preservation and destruction
Identification and comparison
18
What can forensic anthropologists potentially determine from examining bones?
Sex, approximate age, race, and skeletal injury
Exact time of death
The deceased's occupation
Cause of death in all cases
19
Which of the following is NOT a method for crime-scene recording?
Sketches
Photography
Notes
Audio recording
20
Which of the following factors affects alcohol absorption time?
The type of beverage (e.g., beer vs. 80 proof alcohol)
The color of the alcoholic beverage
The temperature of the room
The drinker's hair color
21
What is the relationship between blood alcohol concentration and alcohol concentration in the brain?
They are inversely proportional
C) There is no relationship
The relationship varies depending on the individual
They are directly proportional
22
What is the half-life of cocaine before it is metabolized?
15 minutes
45 minutes
4 hours
2 hours
23
What is one of the current weaknesses in forensic science regarding class evidence?
Inability to assign exact or approximate probability values
Inability to collect class evidence properly
Overreliance on class evidence in court
Lack of technology to analyze class evidence
24
What is IAFIS?
Institute of Advanced Forensic Identification Studies
Investigative Analysis of Forensic Information Systems
International Association of Forensic Investigation Services
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
25
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the smallest wavelength and highest energy?
Microwaves
Radio waves
Infrared radiation
Gamma rays
26
What is the primary responsibility of forensic toxicologists?
Performing autopsies
Testifying in court as expert witnesses
A) Analyzing crime scene evidence
Detecting & identifying drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues & organs
27
Which of the following is NOT typically collected during an autopsy for laboratory examination?
Victim's clothing
Dental records
Fingernail scrapings
Buccal swab
28
Which of the following is NOT one of the Daubert criteria for gauging the reliability of scientific evidence?
Whether the technique or theory can be tested
Whether the evidence was collected by certified technicians
Whether the theory has been subject to peer review and publication
The technique's potential rate of error
29
What is the most common source for narcotic drugs?
Synthetic laboratories
Coca leaves
Opium
Cannabis
30
What is the goal of identification in forensic science?
To establish probable cause for an arrest
To match evidence to a specific individual
Determine the physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty
To categorize evidence for court presentation
31
What is the primary function of the firearms unit in a crime laboratory?
Investigating discharged bullets and cartridge cases
Processing latent fingerprints
Examining handwriting
Analyzing blood samples
32
What is the definition of a drug according to the lecture?
A substance that always leads to addiction
A chemical compound used only for medical purposes
Natural or synthetic substance produce physiological/psychological effects
Any illegal substance
33
Which color test turns purple in the presence of heroin and opium derivatives?
Dillie Koppanyi test
Marquis test
Duquenois Levine test
Scott test
34
What legal principle ensures that drivers must consent to alcohol testing or face license suspension?
Miranda rights
Fourth Amendment
Implied consent law
Habeas corpus
35
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a special forensic science service?
Forensic psychiatry
Forensic engineering
Forensic odontology
Forensic meteorology
36
What is forensic entomology primarily used for in death investigations?
Determining the cause of death
Estimating the time of death
Locating missing bodies
Identifying the deceased
37
What is a "visual tag" in crime scene photography?
An object recorded in multiple overview photographs
The photographer's signature
A digital watermark on photos
A label placed on evidence
38
Which of the following does NOT lead to physical dependence with regular use?
Heroin
Cocaine
OxyContin
Morphine
39
What is the purpose of a screening test in forensic drug identification?
To determine the purity of a drug
To establish the chain of custody
To specifically identify a substance
To reduce the possibilities to a manageable number
40
What is the purpose of the external examination during an autopsy?
To determine time of death
To remove internal organs
To collect toxicological specimens
To overview the condition of the body and clothing
41
What is the correct order for crime scene photography?
Overview, medium-range, close-up
Close-up, medium-range, overview
Random order is acceptable
Medium-range, close-up, overview
42
Which of the following is an alkali metal?
Aluminum
Magnesium
Calcium
Sodium
43
Which of the following is NOT listed as a common type of physical evidence?
Fingerprints
Blood
DNA
Vehicle lights
44
What type of information does the PDQ database contain?
DNA profiles of unsolved cases
DNA profiles of unsolved cases
Personal details of convicted criminals
Chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paint
45
What is Locard's Exchange Principle?
Criminals always leave fingerprints at the scene
Every contact leaves a trace
Crime scenes must be photographed before evidence collection
All evidence must be analyzed in a laboratory
46
What does CODIS stand for?
Centralized Operational Database for Investigative Support
Combined DNA Index System
Computerized Offense Data Indexing System
Criminal Offender Database Information Service
47
What should be worn when handling potentially infectious material at a crime scene?
Full hazmat suit
Latex gloves and possibly chemical resistant clothing, shoe covers, mask...
Only latex gloves
Regular clothing is sufficient
48
What is the primary goal of a forensic/medicolegal autopsy?
To identify the victim
To determine the cause and manner of death
To collect DNA evidence
To preserve the body
49
How long does it take for alcohol to be completely absorbed into the bloodstream when drinking on an empty stomach?
30-90 minutes
5-15 minutes
2-4 hours
6-8 hours
50
What is the chemical substance largely responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of marijuana?
PCP
CBD
LSD
THC
51
In the case of Michigan v. Tyler, what was the Court's decision regarding evidence seized days after the first incident?
All evidence was illegally seized
Only evidence from the initial search was legally seized
The case was dismissed
All evidence was legally seized
52
What does ADME stand for in toxicology?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination
Activation, Deactivation, Modification, Expulsion
Assimilation, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion
Assimilation, Dissolution, Modification, Expulsion
53
What is algor mortis?
The loss of body heat after death
The settling of blood in the body after death
The decomposition of the body after death
The stiffening of body parts after death
54
Which of the following is a depressant?
Barbiturates
MDMA
Amphetamine
Cocaine
55
What percentage of alcohol is typically excreted unchanged in breath, urine, and perspiration?
15%
1%
5%
10%
56
What is the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood in forensic labs?
Gas chromatography
Electrochemical analysis
Immunoassay
Spectrophotometry
57
What is a chain of custody?
A list of all crime scene personnel
A series of linked crime scenes
A list of all persons who came into possession of an item of evidence
The order of evidence collection
58
What is the primary concern when collecting DNA-containing specimens?
Speed of collection
Quantity of sample
Contamination
Cost of equipment
59
Which unit in a crime laboratory would likely analyze paint samples?
Firearms unit
Biology unit
Physical science unit
Document examination unit
60
What type of incision is typically used for the internal examination during an autopsy?
Y-shaped
T-shaped
I-shaped
X-shaped
61
Which process in ADME involves the movement of a drug from the bloodstream into various tissues and organs?
Metabolism
Absorption
Elimination
Distribution
62
Who is considered the father of forensic toxicology?
Francis Galton
Alphonse Bertillon
Mathieu Orfila
Leone Lattes
63
What law describes the relationship between the quantity of light absorbed and the concentration of absorbing species
Ohm's Law
Newton's Law
Ohm's Law
Beer's Law
64
What is the purpose of the NIBIN database?
To analyze chemical compositions of drugs
To compare DNA profiles
To store and compare fingerprints
To compare markings made by firearms on bullets and cartridge casings
65
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method as described in the lecture?
Formulate a reasonable hypothesis
Publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal
Formulate a question worthy of investigation
Formulate a question worthy of investigation
66
What term is used for the time between death and discovery of a body in forensic entomology?
Death interval
Death interval
Entomological timeline
Postmortem interval (PMI)
67
According to the lecture, how can familiarity with evidence collection be gained where no formal training exists?
Through online courses only
By shadowing experienced detectives
By reading forensic science textbooks
Through lectures, tours of the lab, and evidence collection manuals
68
What is a standard/reference sample?
A sample taken from the crime scene
A sample of the most common type of evidence
A sample from a previous, similar crime
Physical evidence whose origin is known
69
What is crack cocaine?
Cocaine mixed with heroin
Pure cocaine
A synthetic form of cocaine
Cocaine mixed with baking soda and water, then heated
70
What did the Kumho Tire Co., Ltd v. Carmichael case determine?
Only scientific testimony requires a gatekeeper
The judge acts as a gatekeeper for all expert testimony
Expert witnesses don't need to appear in person
The Frye standard is the only admissibility test
71
Which element is NOT a transition metal?
Zinc
Aluminum
Iron
Copper
72
Under the Fourth Amendment, when is a warrantless search and seizure justified?
In emergency circumstances, among other specific situations
Never
Only with probable cause
At any time
73
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of transition metals?
Variable oxidation states
High melting points
Ability to form colored compounds
Poor electrical conductivity
74
What is the primary focus of forensic anthropology?
Examination of blood spatter patterns
Study of insect activity on corpses
Identification and examination of human skeletal remains
Analysis of DNA evidence
75
What happens as the number of different objects linking an individual to a crime scene increases?
The evidence becomes less reliable
The need for eyewitness testimony decreases
The court automatically convicts the individual
The likelihood of that individual's involvement with the crime increases
76
What is the primary objective of forensic toxicology in alcohol analysis?
To determine the type of alcohol consumed
Detect and isolate alcohol in body to identify influence on human behavior
To develop new methods for alcohol production
To measure the amount of alcohol produced by the body
77
What is the average elimination or "burn-off" rate of alcohol?
0.005%/hr
0.035%/hr
0.015%/hr
0.025%/hr
78
What is the current legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for drunk driving in the United States?
0.05%
0.08%
0.12%
0.10%
79
What is the primary metabolite of ethanol?
Acetyl-CoA
Acetone
Acetic acid
Acetaldehyde
80
In breath testing for alcohol, what is the approximate ratio of alcohol in blood to alcohol in alveolar breath at 34°C?
2,100 to 1
210 to 1
4,200 to 1
1,050 to 1
81
Approximately how many traffic deaths each year are attributed to alcohol intoxication in Western
10,000
17,000
25,000
5,000
82
How should the boundaries of a crime scene be secured?
With temporary fencing
With armed guards only
With police vehicles
With crime scene tape, ropes, or cones
83
What is physical evidence in forensic science?
Items collected solely from crime scenes
Objects that can establish a crime has or has not been committed
Evidence that can only be analyzed in a laboratory
Only items that can prove a crime was committed
84
Who developed the procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains?
Albert Osborn
Francis Galton
Calvin Goddard
Leone Lattes
85
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of death mentioned in the lecture?
Asphyxia
Drowning
Blunt force injury
Sharp force injury
86
Which factor does NOT affect the development of insect evidence in forensic entomology?
Victim's blood type
A) Geographical location
Climate
Presence of drugs in the body
87
Which search pattern involves investigators searching in straight lines from the center to the boundary?
Grid Search Pattern
Line/Strip Search Pattern
Spiral Search Pattern
Wheel/Ray Search Pattern
88
How many categories are used to classify the manner of death on death certificates?
4
6
3
5
89
What is a critical phase of the death investigation?
Taking photographs
Preliminary reconstruction of events
Collecting fingerprints
Interviewing witnesses
90
What did Alphonse Bertillon devise in 1879?
Blood type determination from dried bloodstains
Document examination principles
Fingerprint classification system
The first scientific system of personal identification
91
Which enzyme converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid in alcohol metabolism?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Aldehyde oxidase
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Cytochrome P450
92
In a comparative analysis, what is compared?
Two pieces of evidence from different crime scenes
Physical evidence and digital evidence
A suspect specimen and a standard/reference specimen
Laboratory results and eyewitness accounts
93
Which of the following is NOT a field sobriety test mentioned in the lecture?
One-leg stand
Walk and turn
Horizontal gaze nystagmus test
Finger-to-nose test
94
What is the primary use of anabolic steroids?
Pain relief
Accelerating muscle growth
Inducing hallucinations
Treating depression
95
How does alcohol primarily affect the human body?
It depresses the central nervous system, particularly the brain
It stimulates the central nervous system
It only affects the liver
It has no effect on the central nervous system
96
Which of the following is an example of evidence with individual characteristics?
Hair color
Shoe size
Fingerprint ridge characteristics
Blood type
97
Which of the following is NOT considered a club drug?
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Morphine
GHB
Ketamine
98
Which of the following is NOT a method used to estimate time of death?
Analyzing hair growth
Measuring potassium in the vitreous humor
Examining stomach contents
Observing rigor mortis