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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
2
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
3
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
4
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
clap their hands
write with a pencil
say a sentence
5
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
6
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
7
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
retina
fovea
8
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the overjustification effect
9
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
10
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
sublimation
displacement
reaction formation
11
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
12
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
13
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
14
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
15
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
positive psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
16
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
brain injury
relearning effect
17
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
18
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
19
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
20
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
dispositional
situational
behavioral
21
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
amygdala
medulla
hypothalamus
22
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
23
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
24
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
25
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
26
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
27
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
28
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
29
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
30
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
parenting style
motor development
assimilation
31
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
32
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
33
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
range
median
standard deviation
34
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
35
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
36
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
37
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
38
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
39
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
40
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
41
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
42
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
43
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
44
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
45
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
46
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
just world bias
47
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cones
cornea
optic nerve
48
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
49
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
dissociative
schizophrenic
50
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
51
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
52
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
53
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
54
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
55
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
56
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
57
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
continuous
primary
secondary
58
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
59
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
60
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
61
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
62
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
hippocampus
63
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
64
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
65
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
66
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
67
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
temperament
family
culture
68
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
69
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
70
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
71
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
touch
hearing
sight
72
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
73
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic nerve
fovea
optic chiasm
74
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
75
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
76
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
77
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
78
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
79
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
80
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
81
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
82
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
83
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
84
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
85
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
86
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
MRI
PET
rTMS
87
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
88
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
89
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
90
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
phallic stage
latency period
91
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
92
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
internal
external
situational
93
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
94
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
sleep spindles and k complexes
NREM
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
95
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
96
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
97
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
98
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
attachment
99
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
100
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
superordinate goals
scapegoating
101
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
102
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
103
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
104
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
105
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
106
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
107
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
108
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
109
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
110
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
111
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
112
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
113
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
114
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
difference threshold
115
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
116
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
117
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
118
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
119
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
smell
sight
120
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
121
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
122
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
123
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
outliers
modes
124
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
125
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
126
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
127
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
128
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
129
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
130
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
131
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
132
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
133
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
134
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
135
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
136
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
137
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
serotonin
138
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
139
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
140
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
141
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
142
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
143
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
standard deviation
mean
median
144
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
145
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
146
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
147
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
148
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
149
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
150
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
151
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
152
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
153
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
154
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
155
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
156
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
correlation coeifficient
probability
standard deviation
a mean that is the same as the median
157
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
158
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
159
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
160
The WISC is a...
personality test
Personality inventory
none of these
Intelligence test
161
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
162
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
163
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion