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APEH: Chapter 17 - A New World View Review Flashcards | StudBud
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APEH: Chapter 17 - A New World View Review
APEH: Chapter 17 - A New World View Review
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1
Danish astronomer who built the most sophisticated observatory of his day.
Galileo
Tyco Brahe
Copernicus
Louis XIV
2
Bacon created the theory of inductive reasoning known as:
Rationalism
Natural Philosophy
Empiricism
The Experimental Method
3
Joseph II's conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments (think freeing serfs):
Transformed a barter economy into a cash economy.
Had the support of the nobles.
Remained in effect long after his death.
Was opposed by both nobles and peasants.
4
The image from botanist Otto Brunfels reflects which larger trend in the Scientific Revolution?
A renewed fascination with natural science and history.
The attempt to define and codify nature.
The limitation of printing at the time.
The tendency to use the vernacular in scientific writing.
5
The "Encyclopedie" published in 1765 was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
That it reflected the common goal of the philosophes.
It summarized the world-view of the Enlightenment.
It helped spread the idea of thinking critically.
Showed the ability 4 philosophes to publish w/o interference
6
Who wrote “Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World”, got in trouble with the Church?
Brahe
Copernicus
Galileo
Newton
7
All of the following resulted from the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century EXCEPT:
It demonstrated that science could be religiously neutral.
Establishment of a growing &independent scientific community
It noticeably improved the standards of living of the masses
Science becoming competitive & driving further advancements
8
Influential intellectuals whobelieved they were bringing the light of knowledge to humanity.
peasants
doctors
Kings
philosophes
9
Who formulated the law of inertia and made astronomical discoveries through his telescope?
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Issac Newton
Stephen Hawkins
10
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?
Believed in divine right to rule.
Believed in enlightened despotism if he was the despot.
Believed in democracy.
Believed that a good monarch was the best 1 could hope for.
11
The Enlightenment is best describe by what statement?
Power and Trade
Worldly Matters
Sin and Salvation
Intellectual Progress
12
Which of the following did not contribute to the start of the scientific revolution?
Universitites
Printing Press
Global Collaboration
Renaissance
13
Denis Diderot's main contribution to the Enlightenment was:
Translating Enlightenment writings into French.
Bringing stories back to Europe of his travels abroad.
Pioneering thought on consumer desire.
Consolidating the thoughts of the Enlightenment into 1 book.
14
Philosophical and mathematical genius who helped create a mechanistic view of the universe
Galileo
Bacon
Brahe
Decartes
15
Rousseau's concept of the general will asserts that:
Enlightened monarchs protect the interests of all society
Public opinion polling can be a valuable support 2 democracy
People's political wishes are conveyed only by direct democ
The general will is not always the will of the majority.
16
All of the following are examples of Frederick the Great's enlightened rule EXCEPT:
Banned torture.
Promoted the advancement of knowledge.
Freed the serfs.
Simplified Prussia's laws.
17
Founder of the modern science of chemistry.
Bacon
Brahe
Robert Boyle
Galileo
18
The common person was able to take part in the Enlightenment in all of the following EXCEPT:
Salons
The Public Sphere
Lending Libraries
Coffeehouses
19
What BEST describes the view of scientists during this time on the subject of religion v scienc
Most viewed science as inferior to organized religion.
Most scientists believed their work glorified God.
Most did not have an opinion on the relationship
Most believed their work contradicted religion.
20
Which is NOT of the three central concepts in the core of Enlightenment thinking?
Reason
Progress
Social Science
Religion
21
Which best characterized Enlightened Despotism?
The monarch encourages the spread of Deism and rationalism
Monarch is an educated person who exercises absolutism.
The monarch supports and fosters the growth of democracy.
The monarch rules with absolute authority 4 the common good
22
Philosophical and mathematical genius who helped create a mechanistic view of the universe.
Brahe
Galileo
Decartes
Bacon
23
Madame du Chatelet believed that women's limited contribution of science was due to:
Their inferior minds.
Their unequal education
The failure of the government to support them.
Them becoming wives and mothers.
24
Which one of the following is an example of how Catherine the Great reformed Russia?
Invasion of the German Province, Silesia
The Pugachev Rebellion
Westernization of Russia
Freeing of the serfs
25
Who laid down three laws of motion, including the law of universal gravitation?
Galileo
Newton
Brahe
Copernicus
26
All of the following are a result of the Copernican hypothesis EXCEPT:
It destroyed the basic idea of Aristotelian physics.
Proved that the universe was a lot larger than thought.
It destroyed the idea that planets moved at a uniform speed.
Destroyed the belief that crystal spheres moved the stars.
27
How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other people?
European superiority was defined as religiously superior.
European superiority was defined as biologically superior.
European superiority was defined as politically superior.
European superiority was defined as culturally superior.
28
Which Flemish physician studied the human body and published works on his findings?
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Andreas Vesalius
Robert Boyle
29
Jewish philosopher who believed mind and body were united in one substance.
Pierre Bayle
Baruch Spinoza
Galileo
Brahe
30
Which scientist demonstrated the elliptical orbits of planets and their varying orbital speeds?
Newton
Brahe
Kepler
Galileo
31
Placed the sun and not the earth at the center of the universe.
Cartesian Dualism
Copernican Hypothesis
Theory of relativity
32
Published,On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Tyco Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo
Johannes Kepler
33
The Copernican Revolution was so named because:
reconciled the Ptolemaic concept of the universe w/obersvati
Upset the comfortable assumptions of humanitys central place
It eliminated Ptolemy's cumbersome mathematics.
It was suppressed by the Inquisition.
34
The belief that all reality can be reduced to mind and matter is known as:
Tabula Rasa
Cartesian Dualism
Rationalism
Natural Philosophy
35
Rousseau can be called an advocate of democracy and apologist for dictatorship because:
His vague concept of the general will could be misinterprete
He argued that property is the root of social evil.
Many of his closest friends were of the nobility.
He introduced the concept of the "Noble Savage"
36
Which of the following was NOT a reason that France was the starting hub of the Enlightenment?
French was the international language of the educated class.
France did not enforce censorship as rigid as other areas.
France was the wealthiest and most populated country.
Most universities were located in France.
