What are four categories of defining crime?

Historical, culture, politics, intent

What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?

Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad

Cocurrent validity is when...

When results found are similar to previous ones obtained

What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?

The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home, The marauder - close proximity to their home/base

What is a advantage of systematic sampling?

Reduces the chance of researcher bias

The axon of the neuron

Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body

Behaviourist strengths

Lab experiment so lots of control

What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases

Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim

What is geographical profiling

Information about the location of linked crime scenes

What is meant by the term sex?

The biological differences between men and women

Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?

Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time, Digit span and verbal reasoning

What did Butzlaff find in his study?

70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families

Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life

Unskilled at mating, Neglected their young

What is metarepresentation?

The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour

What is the following is a weakness of anger management

Most may count for little when put in certain situations, They are expensive to run

A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)

What is an exogenous zeitgeber?

External factors that entrain biological rhythms

behavioural characteristics of OCD

repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions

Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because

They help us to interpret and organise information

What is meant by a circadian rhythm?

A cycle that repeats every 24 hours

What are the three types of biological rhythms?

Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian

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Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

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Questions 610

Answers

1
What are four categories of defining crime?
Historical, country, politics, reason
Historical, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, intent
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
2
How many participants were there in asch's study?
7
1
8
9
3
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
True
False
4
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave no tokens
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
5
Cocurrent validity is when...
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
When results are not consistent over time to society
6
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
Promity
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
Distance
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
7
Identify the main female hormone
Oeastragon
Testosterone
Adrenaline
Oestrogen
8
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
A smaller sample needed
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
9
What is operant conditioning
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
10
The axon of the neuron
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
Contains the genetic material of the cell
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
11
Behaviourist strengths
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Studies only done on animals
Stimulus/response reductionism
Lab experiment so lots of control
12
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
13
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
2
12
6
9
14
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
True
False
15
What is geographical profiling
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
Information about crime scenes
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
All information
16
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Bruce Reimer
Little Albert
Little Hans
Clive wearing
17
What is meant by the term sex?
The mental characteristics of two genders
The biological similarities between the two sexes
The biological differences between men and women
The psychological differences between men and women
18
What are the key feature of the process
Not restricted to court rooms
All of the above
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
19
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
True
False
20
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Nuggets
Digit span and verbal reasoning
21
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
No
Yaaaas
22
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
23
The communication between neurons is known as
Synaptic transformation
Synaptic transfer
Synaptic transmission
Systematic transmission
24
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
False
True
25
Behavioural categories need to be...
Known to the participant to reduced deception
Operationalised
Time sampled
Spread out evenly
26
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Unskilled at mating
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Gained increased cognitive abilities
Neglected their young
27
What is metarepresentation?
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
The way people react to stimuli
All of th above
28
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
120-180 minutes
10-15 minutes
70-90 minutes
5 minutes
29
In which case did offender profiling fail?
John Duffy
Rachel Nickell
Adrian Babb
Ted Bundy
30
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
Acknowledges that offending is complex
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
They are expensive to run
More likely to lead to permanant change
31
What is a hypothesis
What the study is about
The aim of the study
The procedure
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
32
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
False
True
33
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
False
True
34
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
False
True
35
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
True
False
36
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
True
False
37
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Clozapine
Chloropromazine
Risperidone
Haloperidol
38
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
39
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
40
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
True
False
41
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of hearing
75% conformed at least once
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
Distortion of perception
42
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
0
7
4
19
43
What animal did skinner use?
Dogs
rats
cats
NUGGETS
44
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Subjective non observable behaviour
Objective observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
Objective non observable behaviour
45
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They help us to interpret and organise information
They form all of our ideas
They do not help
They keep information apart
46
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Lucas et al
Rutter
Rutter and Soneua
Bowlby and Bailey
47
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
A continuous cycle
48
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
No area was more important than another in navigation
All of the above
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
Learning is too complex to be localised
49
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
It is reductionist
Studies are reliable
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
Could be due to demand characteristics
50
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
False
True
51
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
52
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
53
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
False
True
54
Which is not a mediational process?
Retention
Motivation
Repoductted
Attention
55
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
The participant usually went last
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
18 critical trials carried out
They compared comparison lines to a target line
56
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
Narnia
Germany
China
Madagascar
57
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
40 juvenile thugs
44 Chicken nugget thieves
44 affection less psychopaths
44 juvenile thieves
58
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Demand characteristics
Researcher bias
Ethical issues
Misinterpreted information
59
What are the two types of offender?
Organised and disorganised
Tidy and disorganised
Tidy and messy
Organised and messy
60
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
61
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
Ego
Ultra-ego
ID
Superego
62
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Bailey et al
Milgram lad
Loftus and Palmer
Schaffer and Emerson
63
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
64
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Brenda Ruemer
Berlinda Reimer
Brad Riener
Bruce Reimer
65
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts recalled digits in any order
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
66
What does this suggest?
No cause
Different causes
The same cause
They are different conditions
67
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
True
False
68
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
False
True
69
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
They haven't been recognised
Post mortems and MRI scans
PET and MRI scans
Post mortems and PET scans
70
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
He did in fact have powers
There was no change in his thoughts
He was a wizard
He did not in fact have powers
71
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
False
True
72
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
True
False
73
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
Cognitive behavioural therapy
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
74
The US topologies are based in small samples
True
False
75
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
76
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
False
True
77
What a marital schism?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
78
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
There was no difference
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
79
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
False
True
80
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The CNS and ANS
The ANS and SNS
It's not divided
81
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
It is aused by genes
It is caused by the family
82
What Units is STM measured in?
Second and minutes
Minutes
Seconds
Hours
83
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
84
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
Reformation of blood vessels
The equivalent area takes on its functions
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
85
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
True
False
86
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
They are deterministic
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
87
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
The envionment causes schizophrenia
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
88
The biological approach is deterministic
False
True
89
Who did Heston study?
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
90
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
True
False
91
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
False
True
92
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
True
False
93
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Harlow
Bailey et al
Schaffer and Emerson
Lorenz
94
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
95
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 10% due to chance
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
96
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
They were too dangerous
They become less effective
Drug development
They didn't
97
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
98
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tan
Ton
Ten
Tin
99
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
YXX
XXY
XO
XXX
100
Police record crimes differently
True
False
101
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
102
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Neither had an effect
Both were needed to be criminal
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
103
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
104
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Harlow
Farrington
Maslow
Pavlov
105
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Physical impairments
Cognitive impairments
Both physical and cognitive impairments
No change
106
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
True
False
107
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Suffering
Violation of moral standards
Maldaptive behaviour
predictability
108
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
109
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
True
Falslse
110
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Psychodynamic
Behaviourism
Cognitive
Biological
111
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Conformity to an authority figure
Conformity to social roles
Conformity
Obedience
112
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Milgram lad
Pavlov
Harlow
Lorenz
113
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
10,000
100,000
110,000
101,000
114
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
False
True
115
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
There was no significant difference
Atypical drugs were more effective
Typical drugs were more effective
Neither of the drugs were effective
116
What is an inference?
Hypothesis
Conclusions on observed processes
Decisions
Conclusions about non observed processes
117
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Vision
Auditiory processing and memory
Sensory and motor movements
Our awareness or consciousness
118
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Green
Freud
Kholberg
Skinner
119
Limitation of behavioural approach
Scientific methods
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
Reductionist
Free Will
120
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
True
False
121
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
True
False
122
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
123
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
False
True
124
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
False
True
125
The criminal personality is
EN
PN
PP
EP
126
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
All of the above
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
127
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
A rhythm that never repeats
128
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
None of the above
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
129
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
130
It is based on outdated theories of personality
True
False
131
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Their environments were too different
Can not tell how different their environments were
They would have had the same prenatal environment
Their envirnments were the same
132
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Better physical health
Lethargy
Major personality changes
Eplilepsy
133
It did not help to develop CBT
False
True
134
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Maguire
Draganski
Mechelli
Sperry
135
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of nature an nurture
136
The theory shows gender bias
True
False
137
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
None of the above
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
138
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
False
True
139
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
True
False
140
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
141
There are problems with adoption studies
False
True
142
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
True
False
143
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Biological determinism
Minimum determinism
Soft determinism
Hard determinism
144
What is an overt observation?
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When participants are aware they are being observed
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
145
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
146
What gland releases ACTH?
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
147
Milgram initial study aim?
To look into the context of obedience
See how state effects obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
148
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
20 hours
23 hours
25 hours
18 hours
149
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
They will implode
They will still develop the condtion
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
It depends on the amount of stress
150
The interactionist approach is reductionist
False
True
151
Motor neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
152
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Nature
Both
153
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
False
True
154
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Using local times for bedtimes
Using local time s for meal times
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Nothing
155
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
156
Findings of Baddeley
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
157
Identification is public and private agreement?
While you are around the group influencing your views
No
Yes but only short term
yes, forever
158
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Slow speech
All of the above
Speech does make sense
Speech is fluent but incoherent
159
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
True
False
160
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
True
False
161
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
True
False
162
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
Internal processes are not effected by schema
163
Jacob found...
Average span 7-9
Average span of 5-9
164
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
60-80%
40-60%
6-8%
11-18%
165
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
Stanford uni mock prison
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
set up to a shock generator
166
What is misleading information?
Post event discussion
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
Leading questions
All of the above
167
What is offender profiling?
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
168
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
169
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Eyes
Back of the hands
Back of the neck
Back of the knees
170
Humanistic Approach is...
Holistic
Nomothetic
Reductionist
Idiographic
171
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Drew fixed lots
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Advertised in the newspaper
172
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
173
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
True
False
174
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
True
False
175
Miles research supports biological rhythms
True
False
176
Srength of Asch's study?
Very cost effective
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
Biased sample-ethnocentric
177
Gilroy Aim
Half also given desensitisation
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
Half given relaxation
75% successful treatment
178
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
Ethical issues with children
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
179
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
180
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
Words are stored separately
The words sound more alike
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
Words are distinguishable
181
Excitation is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
182
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
They are not reliable, people may lie
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
They show victimless crimes
183
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
16% failed to recover after 12 months
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
184
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
External working model
Working memory model
Innate working model
Internal working model
185
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Cultural limitations
186
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
1
0
3
2
187
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
Family was irrelevant
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
188
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
True
False
189
What does an EEG allow?
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Detect which areas of the brain are active
190
What is restorative justice?
Prison
Community service
Criminals making amends
Punishment
191
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
1 year
12 weeks
6 weeks
Straight away
192
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
193
The biological approach supports
Nature
Nurture
194
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Has extremely high temporal resolution
195
Inhibition is
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
196
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
Whether they will offend again
How they may act in day to day life
Where thety are from
How old they are
197
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
198
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
Excessive weight gain
Tardive dyskinesia
A fatal blood disease
199
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
False
True
200
What did Read suggest?
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Early and severe trauma has no effect
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
201
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
202
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
future
world
Self
Doggos
203
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
Ethnocentric
Emic constructs
204
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Long duration
Unlimited capacity
Limited capacity
Short duration
205
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
fMRI
PET
ERP
EEG
206
What didn't Houston find?
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
Genes were the main factor
There were no specific vulnerabilities
All of the above
207
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
There was no difference at all
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
208
Reasons to resist conforming
Social support
Willpower
Locus of control
Cats
209
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
True
False
210
What is declarative memory?
Events
Knowing that
Facts and knowledge
Knowing how
211
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
Milgram lad
Zimbardo
Ash
All of the above
212
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
213
Official stats and other measures add up
False
True
214
What are roles conditions of worth?
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
215
The fight or flight response is within the
ANS
SNS
PNS
CNS
216
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
True
False
217
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
MRI
EEG
Post mortem
PET
218
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
More active
More able to consume more nuggets
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
Psychologically healthier
219
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
False
True
220
What is recidivism
Prison capacity
Token ecomony
Refers to reoffending
Not reoffending
221
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
False
True
222
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
False
True
223
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
Raise ethical issues for consent
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
224
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
225
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
Easy to implement
Little rehabilitative value
There are ethical issues
There is passive token learning
226
Schemas can hinder new information
False
True
227
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
False
True
228
Who was the control group in this study?
Corn flakes
There was no control group
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
229
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
False
True
230
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
They could be identified using their characteristics
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
All of the above
231
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
232
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
False
True
233
What is central control?
Our ability to supress automatic responses
Affects our ability to speak
None of the above
Affects our ability to move
234
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant could describe the object
The participant reported seeing nothing
The participant could name the object
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
235
Relay neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
236
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
Social norms change over time
Social norms are culturally specific
Easy to look at and diagnose
237
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
238
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
False
True
239
What are hormones?
Inherited genes
Non of these
receptors
Chemical substances
240
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Biological and physiological
Love
Esteem
Safety
241
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
External cognitive model
Working internal model
Schemas
Internal working model
242
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
All three
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
Social learning ward - token economy
The control ward - drug treatment
243
What may restorative justice involve?
May involve the victim and offender meeting
All of the above
Offences like anti social behaviour
Must volunteer to use the approach
244
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
True
False
245
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Leaves fewer clues
Skilled job
Lives alone
Covers tracks
246
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
All of the above
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
There was no cause
247
There were 12 critical trials?
True
False
248
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
True
False
249
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
False
True
250
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
insecure - secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
secure attachment
secure - avoidant attachment
251
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The side effects of atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
252
Megargee found what?
A very angry group of individuals
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
A group that are incapable of showing anger
A group that express anger easily
253
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
Delinquent behaviour was low
All of the above
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
254
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
2%
8%
4%
1%
255
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
256
An advantage of the mean is that..
It is more representative for entire sets of data
Is extremely time consuming
It is easily distorted with extreme values
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
257
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Both groups
Children who observed a non aggressive model
Neither
Children who observed an aggressive model
258
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Processor
Central executive
Episodic buffer
Phonological loop
259
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Already produced quantitative data
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
Re-occuring themes within the data
260
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
3% of the time they could identify the offender
All of the above
80% said it was useful
14% said it assisted solving cases
261
What did the Tan case study show?
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
That there was no Broca's area
Different areas can peform the same function
262
Classification is not simplistic
True
False
263
What is a marital skew?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
264
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
265
What are offender surveys?
Victims reveal what has happened to them
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
266
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
They do not treat positive symptoms
They are time consuming
267
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Nuggets
Psychic
Biological
Environmental
268
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Matthews
Martin
Meed
Mead
269
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Parasympathetic division
Sympathetic division
270
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school achievement+poor parenting
271
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
False
True
272
What did Sensky find?
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
Neitehr were effective
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
273
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
False
True
274
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
False
True
275
What is the dark figure of crime?
More serious crimes
Crimes that go unreported
All crimes
Petty crimes
276
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Speech to be slow and laborious
Limited reading skills
Speech to be incoherent
277
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
Pearson's
Chi- squared
All of the above
Spearman's Rho
278
The original model saw genes as the major source
False
True
279
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
True
False
280
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
False
True
281
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
True
False
282
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XX
XY
YX
XYY
283
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
True
False
284
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
285
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
No difference was found
Rats rejected testosterone
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
286
The evidence for family therapy is strong
True
False
287
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
False
True
288
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
True
False
289
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
Patients become dependant on a therapies
290
Not Stages of flooding
Immediate exposure
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Crying probs lol
Initially destressed and anxious
291
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
First/last born
Frightened/confused at the time
Plan the crime
Socially inadequate
292
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
True
False
293
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
294
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
Cut corpus callosum
Damage to the brain
295
What clues may be used for recognition
The time
All of the above
The choice of victim
The location
296
What is a leading question?
A question ppts interpret wrong
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
297
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
They don't fire easily enough
They fire too slowly
298
Distortion of judgement
People who lack self confidence
Didnt understand the task
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
299
Distortion of action
Conform to avoid being different
NSI
Believe they are seeing it wrong
ISI
300
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
Figures are difference anywhere
Some crimes aren't reported
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
All crime is recorded the same
301
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
302
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
False
True
303
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
Organised and disorganised classification worked
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
304
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
True
False
305
What animal did Pavlov use?
Horses
Rats
Dogs
Birds
306
Post even discussion is...?
When there's more than one witness at an event
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
307
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
308
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was no change
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
309
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
No change
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
Failure to perform everyday functions
Inability to move
310
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
311
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Both
Nature
Neither
Nurture
312
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
313
What was Bedlam known for?
More facilities that anywhere else
Good treatment of the mentally ill
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
Better drug treatments
314
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Reduced post traumatic stress
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
All of the above
Decreased cost
315
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Very ethical
Lack of replication
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Zimbardo both observed and partook
316
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
Under represent certain crimes
They can assess attitude towards crime
Do not include victimless crimes
317
What is a weakness neural correlates
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
Lewis found no significant link
No cause and effect
All of the above
318
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Long distance sight
Reading and writing skills
Multitasking
Memory
319
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Increases face validity of study
Ethical issues of deception
Reduced demand characteristics
More ecological validity
320
A phobia is an adaptive fear
True
False
321
The sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
Are found in our visual system
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
322
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Under developed genitals
Webbed neck
Increased body hair
Reduced breast growth
323
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
True
False
324
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
The morality principle and is part of the ego
Motivated by pleasure principle
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
325
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
326
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
Covers all areas needed
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
It's completely unscientific
327
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
00.5
0.01
0.05
0.02
328
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
False
True
329
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
False
True
330
What is a paradigm?
A set of assumptions that are not shared
Assumptions
A shared set of assumptions
Facts of behaviour
331
Limitation of humanism
Positive image of the human condition
Free Will
Limited application
Hollistic
332
The biological approach is reductionist
True
False
333
NICE does not recommend art therapy
False
True
334
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
False
True
335
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
336
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
All of the above
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
Patients may become dependent on drugs
337
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
False
True
338
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Ainsworth
Isabelle et al
Schaffer and Emerson
Bowlby
339
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
10 out of 12
4 out of 12
12 out of 12
7 out of 12
340
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
Combination showed higher symptom levels
There was no difference
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
341
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
There is also evidence for environmental factors
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
All of the above
342
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Visual and tactile
Sensory
Auditory and tactile
Visual and auditory
343
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Consistency
Augmentation principle
SocIAL CHANGE
Snowball effect
344
Outline the typical male stereotype
Commitment phobic
Takes care of children
Loves shopping
Solves argument with silent treatment
345
What else were the participants able to do?
Smell the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
Hear the objects
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
346
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
True
False
347
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
There was no change
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
SQUAD
348
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
True
False
349
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
False
True
350
The three levels of moral reasoning are
All of the above
Post-conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
Conventional reasoning
351
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
False
True
352
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
True
False
353
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
354
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil albert
Lil Trevor
lil pete
lil John
355
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Separation anxiety
Privation
Proximity
Deprivation
356
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Neither were important
357
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Negative view of human nature
Importance of the experience of the individual
Animal studies are helpful
Rejection of scientific method
358
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
Large asylums
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
Hospitals
Home
359
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Mental processes that can be directly observed
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
Mental processes
360
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
Nature
Neither
It all comes back to nuggets
Nurture
361
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
All of the above
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
362
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
363
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
Senses, limited, less than a second
364
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
Using only assumptions
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
365
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
113 patients to 370 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
366
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
367
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
Forensic evidence
He was caught at the scene
All of the above
Because of how he treated his victims
368
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
True
False
369
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
True
False
370
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
True
False
371
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Inferences
Hypothesis
Decisions
Schemas
372
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
All of the above
Short statue
Higher than average verbal ability
Failed to develop ovaries
373
What is meant by Free will?
Not all behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
Personal agency
All behaviour is determined
374
What did Godwin and Canter find?
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
375
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
True
False
376
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Cognitive reductionism
Biological reductionism
Mechanical determinism
Biological determinism
377
Piling found what?
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
It was difficult to improve compliance
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
Family therapy had no effect on remission
378
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
True
False
379
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
380
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Bullshite
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
381
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
False
True
382
What are victim surveys?
People share what they have witnessed
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
Offenders tell what they have done to others
All of the above
383
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
They mean the same thing
384
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
False
True
385
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
2- 10 months
8-9 months
From birth to 3 months
6-8 months
386
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nature
Both
Nurture
Neither
387
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Logic, analysis and problem solving
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
388
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
Does not rely on the use of radiation
389
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Containing ethical issues
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Being subjective to researcher bias
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
390
Which of these is true of STM
Sometimes called working memory
Also called Episodic buffer
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Rehearsal is not very important
391
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
392
Mixed results have been found
False
True
393
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
394
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Deprived children
Securely attached children
Avoidant insecure children
Insecure resistant children
395
The central nervous system includes
Muscles
The brain and spinal cord
Organs
Tendons
396
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Social learning and milieu
Control and milieu
Social learning and control
All three
397
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
398
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
True
False
399
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
Study tested LTM
One group Recalled after 2 days.
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
400
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Anxiety Hierarchy
Flooding
Exposure
Relaxation
401
What is the top down approach?
Analysis just of the victim
None of the above
Analysis of the location
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
402
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
Historically led to parent blaming
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
403
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
404
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
True
False
405
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
True
False
406
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
There was no difference in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
Increase of reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
407
Aim of Asch's study?
Look into compliance vs identification
Line study
Look into obedience
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
408
What details can be matched on a database?
Age and sex
Personal history and family background
All of the above
Location, place of birth
409
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
4/5
2/3
4/6
2/4
410
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
True
False
411
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
Positive approach looking at what to add
A person may be happy with their situation
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
412
Why was Risperidone developed?
All of the above
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
To battle different symptoms
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
413
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Latent stage
Phallic stage
Anal stage
Oral stage
414
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Left
Right
415
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
416
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
False
True
417
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
The side effects were the same
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
There were no side effectives
418
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
True
False
419
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
China
Britain
Israel
Germany
420
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
False
True
421
Which of the following is a strength?
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
None of the above
Over simplistic
422
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They lived in a circle of their offences
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
423
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
True
False
424
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Sub-conscious mind
Unconscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
Conscious mind
425
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
All children must go through the electra complex
426
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
Much of the subject matter is observable
It is falsifiable
Much of the subject matter is not observable
It uses scientific methods
427
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
failure to function adequately
Statistical frequency
Lack of deviation from social norms
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
428
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
A meeting may be emotional
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
429
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Stability
Introversion
Instability
Psychoticism
430
An fMRI scan is
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
The brain is ananlysed after death
431
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
True
False
432
Scientific laws are generalisable
True
False
433
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Saying sorry
Financial restitution
Prison
Shortened sentence
434
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
435
Findings not from Zimbardo
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
6 day study instead of 14
450v
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
436
Repression is the act of...
Denying an unpleasant memory
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Displacing a memory
437
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
438
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
Serotonin and dopamine
None
Just dopamine
439
When is CBT not effective?
When the patient has a good understanding
When the patient has a clear insight
When the patients condition is too severe
When it is alongside drig treatments
440
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
Demand characteristics from those studied
Poor external validity
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
441
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Studies often lack internal validity
Demand characteristics from participants
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
The lack of qualitative data
442
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM duration
Test LTM capacity
Test STM duration
Test STM capacity
443
Brown et al Aim
This did happen
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
444
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Adams
Stern and McClintock
Russell
445
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
False
True
446
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Information processing
Influences
Memory
Cognitive functions
447
Name a practical application made from this study
All of the above
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
448
The Synapse is
Gaps in the myelin sheath
Where the genetic material is contained
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
449
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
They have excellent temporal resolution
In order to work, there can be no background noise
450
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
13%
15%
20%
17%
451
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Stigma is involved
They may be universities for crime
Psychological harm may be done in prison
452
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent mother
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
There was a warm and complacent father
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
453
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 3
Stage 5
Stage 1
Stage 4
454
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
455
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
456
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
True
False
457
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Synchronised
Indiscriminate
Symmetrical
458
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
459
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
True
False
460
The pineal gland releases serotonin
False
True
461
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Disorganised speech and thoughts
Not being able to control what we are doing
Being unable to do anything
462
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
No one would give the 450V shock
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
463
a reason for obedience?
Informational social influence
Compliance
Normative social influence
Agentic state
464
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Sperry
Maguire
Draganski
Mechelli
465
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Non identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
Identical twins reared together
466
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
False
True
467
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
False
True
468
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Further away from the mean
Closer to the mean
Exactly the same as the mean
Non of the above
469
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
False
True
470
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Releases adrenaline
Triggers the flight or flight response
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
471
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
True
False
472
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
No supporting evidence
Deterministic
Good practical applications
Influence of demand characteristics
473
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Schemas
Internal mental processes
Genes and chromosomes
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
474
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
Adrian Babb
Ted Bundy
John Duffy
None of the above
475
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
True
False
476
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
True
False
477
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
False
True
478
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
False
True
479
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, subliminal and displacement
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Denial, displacement and repression
480
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
Lab, field, natural and quasi
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
NUGGETS
481
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
Less likely to guess at words
They sound the same
They have the same meaning
Easier to distinguish words from each other
482
Intersex refers to...
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born without male hormones
Children born with male and female hormones
People with increased testosterone
483
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
True
False
484
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
True
False
485
What is the three stages of anger management
Cognitive preparation
Application practice
All the above
Skill acquisition
486
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the loaction
Analysis of the time
Analysis of the victim
487
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
45%
35%
95%
15%
488
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
To bring us back into the conscious mind
489
Procedural memory example?
Knowing the capital of England is London
Personal memories of events
Riding a bike
490
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schemes and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
491
Findings not from Milgram
6% sent to 400v
65% went to 450v
100% went to 300v
3 had seizures
492
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
Lacks internal validity
Deception issues
Cultural bias
493
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Uses objective and observable techniques
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
Led to the development of drug treatments
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
494
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
495
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
False
True
496
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
False
True
497
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Both
Nature
Neither
498
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were detailed
They were bad
They were little more than common sense
They were able to provide a lot of information
499
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
No common thinking patterns were found
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
88 common thinking patterns were found
2 common thinking patterns were found
500
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
False
True
501
Outline the female stereotype role
Child carer
All of the above
Poor drivers
Loves shopping
502
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
503
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
504
What did Gupta's study show?
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
505
What is a Genotype
Environmental factors
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
Personality
506
Stength of statistical infrequency
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
507
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
True
False
508
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
False
True
509
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as friendly
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They could not suggest an emotion
They percieved them as confused and afraid
510
Sperry concluded what from his research?
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
All of the above
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
511
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
False
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
512
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
513
What is an internal mental process?
External cues
The way you are feeling
The way we interact with the environment
Internal workings of the mind that process information
514
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
515
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
All of the above
There is a cultural bias
516
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
517
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Adams
Russell
518
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Evolutionary principle
Biological explanation
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
519
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Demand characteristics
Cannot be generalised to humans
Lacks ecological validity
Ethical issues
520
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
True
False
521
What is the restorative justice council
A group of judges
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
522
Miller findings...
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
All of the above
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
523
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His personality drastically changed
His Wernickes area was damaged
His Broca's area was damaged
His personality remained the same
524
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
When a child can form multiple attachments
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
525
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Triggers the fight or flight response
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
Produces male sex hormones
526
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
527
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
False
True
528
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
False
True
529
Strength of failure to function adequately
This definition is focused on the individual
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
Measurable
Everyday life varies
530
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
True
False
531
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
532
What is a Phenotype
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
Personality
Environmental factors
533
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
False
True
534
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
False
True
535
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
acoustic, limited, short
536
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, denial and over-harsh
Weak, deviant, over-soft
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
537
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
It's time consuming
All of the above
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
Patients are often less willing to try new things
538
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
True
False
539
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
All behaviour has a physical cause
All of the above
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
540
What dies EPI stand for
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Eysenck Person Inventory
541
What does a deterministic view show?
Cause and effect
More than one view
Some other psychological term
Holistic view
542
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
False
True
543
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
Smashed and hit
smashed and bumped
Smashed and contacted
Smashed and crashed
544
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
True
False
545
What do neural correlations suggest?
None of the above
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
People with APD show normal APD patterns
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
546
There was 28 trials overall
True
False
547
Distortion of perception Asch?
Couldn't see properly
Believed the majority was correct
Didnt know what to do
Mandela effect
548
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
False
True
549
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Dog
Activating event
Belief
Consequences
550
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
It was purely biologcal
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
Family had no effect
551
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Drugs
552
Negative Reinforcement is?
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
Negative consequence to behaviour
You avoid something unpleasant
553
What is a schema?
Mental or cognitive framework
Unshared opinions
Ideas formed by others
Environmental factors
554
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
555
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
556
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
None of the above
Poverty could be the actual cause
It included scientific racism
Being rejected by society may be the cause
557
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
False
True
558
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
False
True
559
Public agreement, private disagreement?
Compliance
Normative
identification
Internalisation
560
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Quantitative data
Ominous data
Qualitative data
Numinous data
561
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Plasticity
Localisation
562
Desire to Be liked?
NSI
ISI
563
Humanism believes in...
Determinism
Free will
564
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
True
False
565
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
True
False
566
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
567
What is EWT?
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
Unstructured interviews
Free recall
568
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
48%
49%
30%
50%
569
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
570
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
571
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Community orders, fines, discharges
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
572
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
True
False
573
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
All of the above
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
To find where crime is more common
574
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
It has too many methods to compare
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
All of the assumptions are shared
Too broad
575
Bem carried out a study into...
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
Gender neutral children
Intersex twins
576
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
577
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
Sleep stages
SAD
578
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
True
False
579
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
110
80
11
24
580
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Other researchers were jealous
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
Lacks internal validity
Findings were quantitative data only
581
Strength MSM
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Primary recency effect provides evidence
Over simplified
Evidence for brain scanning
582
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
583
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
77% MZ and 12% DZ
50% MZ and 36% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
83% MZ and 8% DZ
584
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
Men produce less testosterone
Men receive more oestrogen
585
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
True
False
586
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
587
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
One was a non treatment control
One took part in anger mangement
One took part in anger management
All of the above
588
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
True
False
589
Duration of STM
Two minutes to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
One minute to forever
Two minutes to 80 years
590
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Anger management is effective
Some people are very angry
In some people anger is quick to surface
Anger is bad
591
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Poor reliability
Lack of right to withdraw
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
592
What does chlorpromazine do?
Blocks pre synaptic sites
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
Nothing
Things and stuff
593
What were children lacking in these institutions?
The ability to form multiple attachments
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
Nuggets and cheese
594
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Visual
Auditory
595
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
All of the above
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
Small sample sizes
596
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
True
False
597
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
True
False
598
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Mexico
Britain
China
Japan
599
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
True
False
600
What technique is not used in CBT
Setting homework
Question where the voices have originated from
Positive self-talk
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
601
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Left visual field
Right visual field
602
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
There was no difference
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
603
A neurotransmitter is
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
A tiny gap between neurons
Tiny sacks
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
604
What did Kavanagh find?
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
605
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
It only supports the nurture debate
It does not take other theories into consideration
It rejects the idea of free will
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
606
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
False
True
607
What else did Sperry look at?
Plasticity of brain functions
Areas where functions are performed
Lateralisation of brain functions
Damage to brain functions
608
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
potential
needs
wants
achievements
609
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
True
False
610
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
True
False