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Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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1
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Discourse on Method.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Mind Over Matter.
Two Natures.
2
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
3
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the planets are made of earth-like material.
the moon orbits around the earth.
the stars are immensely far away.
4
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
was directed only towards pure research.
was common only in Italy.
became an international phenomenon.
replaced funding by the church.
5
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
6
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Vesalius.
Galen.
Harvey.
Paracelsus.
7
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
displacement.
inertia.
planetary motion.
universal mechanics.
8
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
9
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
began to receive recognition and training.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
10
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
11
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
incorporating the mind with the body.
mystical experiences.
12
Newton's major work was...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
Utopia.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
13
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
14
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
15
Copernicus's major book was titled...
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
The Great Instauration.
Principia.
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
16
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
17
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
deductive reasoning.
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
triangulation.
18
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
college departments for scientific study.
regularly published scientific journals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
19
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
20
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
working out the theory of inertia.
calculating the distance to the sun.
inventing the astrolabe.
making accurate observations of the planets.
21
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
nothing can ever really be proven.
the moon orbits the sun.
22
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
23
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
herbal healing.
24
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
All of these.
Galen.
Archimedes.
Plato.
25
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
26
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
27
The philosophy of René Descartes...
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
28
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
surgery, biology, and astronomy
engineering, physics, and dentistry
29
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to be burned at the stake.
to house arrest.
30
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Galileo.
Kepler.
Newton.
Copernicus.
31
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Johannes Kepler.
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Isaac Newton.
Tycho Brahe.
32
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The moon.
The earth.
The epicycles.
The sun.
33
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
