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Unit 5 Cognitive Psych Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 5 Cognitive Psych
Unit 5 Cognitive Psych
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1
A test has a high degree of validity if it
assesses aptitude & achievement accurately
produces a normal distribution of scores
yields consistent results every time it is used
measures or predicts what its supposed to measure or predict
2
This picture is an example of a ______________, a memory aid.
iconic memory
acoustic memory
primacy effect
mnemonic
3
Which of the following was the first scale to measure intelligence?
Fluid intelligence scale
The Binet-Simon scale (Alfred Binet, 1905)
Wechsler Adults Intelligence scale
The IQ test (William Stern)
4
To ensure the results are realiable the experiment should be:
Repeated
Done exactly as the instructions say
Done once
Done without controlled variables
5
What is retroactive interference?
interference where old information blocks new information
When someone forgets events after their accident
When someone forgets events before their accident
interference where new information blocks old information
6
The misinformation effect refers to the
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
7
A flashbulb memory is
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Memory of one's personal experiences
the retention of encoded information over time
the processing of information into the memory system
8
Antegrade amnesia is:
Loss of memory of events before injury
Loss of memory during injury
Unable to recall own name
Loss of memory of events after injury
9
The effect that misleading details can effect a persons memory
Source Amnesia
Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
Misinformation effect
Encoding Failure
10
Rebuilding your memory of the past is called ?
Reconstructive memory
memory traces
Schema Theory
short term memory
11
Scotty worked to find the solution to a long-division problem. In solving the problem
confirmation bias
framing
divergent thinking
convergent thinking
12
What is an example of retroactive interference?
You try to remember an old password but only remember the new
You try to remember a new friend but only remember an old one
You try to remember a new password but only remember the old
You try to remember a new address but only remember the old
13
Emotional Intelligence
Being artificially, naturally, ingeniously intelligent
The extent to the strength of your emotions
The ability to recognize their own and other peoples emotion
The ability to control your own emotions
14
Which best illustrates episodic memory?
Recalling times tables from 2nd grade
Remembering that a clown was at your 5th birthday
Telling someone how to tie a shoe
Answering correctly about a date for a Civil War battle
15
Alfred Binet believed that intelligence was...
if you could answer all the questions on the test
cognitive abilities
how well you did in maths
age-related and focused on mental functions
16
What are phonemes?
is a system of rules that specify how words can be arranged in a sentence
enduring memory associated with a personal signicant
Memory that stores audio information
The smallest speech unit in a language that can be distinguished
17
If you have retrograde amnesia you cannot remember...
Your implicit memories
Your past experiences
Your explicit memories
Your present experiences
18
The spacing effect
studying over time to yield better long term retention.
memory that takes place when something familiar comes up.
A time paradox where space effects how time precedes
Effects that happen when in Space
19
Wolfgang Köhler considered a chimpanzee’s sudden solving of a problem evidence of
a mental set
instinct
insight
modeling
20
What are Morphemes?
The largest component of speech that carries meaning
The smallest component of speech that carries meaning
No clue
A component of Speech
21
The function of sensory memory is to...
Hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
Hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
Put information into long-term memory
Hold information for a lifetime
22
Semantic memory is
Memory of one's personal experiences
the power of retaining and recalling past experience
your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma
23
How many phonemes does TOE have?
4
2
6
8
24
Representativeness Heuristic
previous belief
something available
can create or sustain stereotypes
problem solving method
25
Proactive interference occurs when?
Past learning interferes with current learning
Memories are inaccessible
Current learning interferes with past learning
Past learning is forgotten
26
The Flynn effect is most likely due to improvements in _________________
education and nutrition
reaction time
electronic media
test taking strategies
27
How many types of intelligence does Gardner propose?
Five
Two
Eight
Three
28
What is damaged with Broca's asphasia?
understanding of speech
hearing
personality
speech production
29
What is state-dependent memory?
Memories that are the opposite of the mood you're in
Tendency to recall experiences that go with your mood
Memories that make you feel a certain way
Only being able to encode certain memories in a certain mood
30
What is an echoic memory?
An auditory memory
A repressed memory
A memory brought up by a feeling
A visual sensory memory
31
Which is an example of an implicit memory
Recognizing a celebrity
Remembering how to tie your shoelace
Recalling the name of your JH math teacher
Describing the taste of a birthday cake
32
Long Term Memory is
absolute permanent with "unlimited capacity"
relatively permanent with "unlimited capacity"
absolute permanent with "limited capacity"
relatiely permanent with "limited capacity"
33
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
34
Characteristics of savant syndrome MOST directly suggest that intelligence is
culturally constructed concept
diverse set of distinct abilities
accurately measured by general intelligence : G factor
largely unpredictable & unmeasurable
35
Select the most relevant definition for emotional intelligence.
Understanding how to make people upset.
Feeling hungry or thirsty.
Understanding emotions and how they influence behaviours.
Knowing when to cry or laugh.
36
What part of brain does not store memory?
hypothalamus
amygdala
corpus callosum
hippocampus
37
Who was the founder of multiple intelligence?
Binet
Gardner
Freud
Sternberg
38
Which one is NOT a type of Emotional Intelligence?
Emotional Understanding
Emotional Perception and Expression
Emotional Reception
Emotional Management
39
How do we make an experiment more reliable?
Repeat it once but change more than one thing
Repeat it but change one thing each time
repeat the experiment and change nothing!
Do it once
40
What is fluid intelligence?
Your use of accumulated knowledge
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ever changing knowledge
Your ability to solve abstract problems
41
Chunking increases memory efficiency by
decreasing the number of items that must be remembered
visualizing
mental imagery
associating each item with a well-established mental image
42
What is short-term memory?
stores small amounts of information for short periods of time
relatively permanent storage
recovering information from storage
converting memory to be retained
43
Crystalized intelligence ____with age while fluid intelligence ___ .
stays the same, increases
stays the same, increases steadily with age
increases, begins to decrease after age 30
decreases, increases
44
What is a heuristic?
Something used to identify something based on association with a category
Mental shortcuts/rules that allow people to make judgements
A memory store
Uncontrollable systematic error in thinking that affect our decision making
45
An example of semantic memory would be... (semantics, semantics)
Katy remembers what she had for lunch.
Tim can shoot a basketball with his motor skills.
Mrs. Miller recalls details of her 1st kiss!
Michael remembers the names of cities, colors, foods.
46
How many phonemes does GIRL have?
2
4
5
3
47
Decision making, problem solving, thinking, cognition, intelligence, comprehension.
Parietal Lobe
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Frontal Lobe
48
A(n) ________ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem.
algorithm
phoneme
trial and error
heuristic
49
What is declarative memory?
type of forgetting that occurs when memories fade over time
conscious recollection of particular facts and events (type of LTM)
symptom of memory disorders which made-up stories fill any gaps in memory
identification of a thing or person from previous encounters or knowledge
50
What is an example of proactive interference?
You drive to the new pizza place's location instead of the old
You drive to the old pizza place's location instead of the new
You remember a new phone number instead of the new one
You remember a new friend's name instead of an old one
51
What is the magic number of memory?
5 +/- 2
3 +/- 5
4 +/- 2
7 +/- 2
52
What is linguistic determinism?
Determining what language is being spoken
Sensitive period in childhood language development
Theory that language influences thinking
Distinguishing between sounds
53
What is a good representation of functional fixidness
a planet can rotate only clockwise
a rocket is used to go to the moon
a burrito is good for throwing at you ex-boyfriends car
a astronauts helmet can not be used as a fish bowl
54
Which of the following is the best example of framing
Thought you knew the answers yet got a 65% on the test
Diet Pills not shown to be effective yet still use
Lotion commercial says lotion is 75% all natural
Locked your keys in the car but didn't think to call AAA
55
Which of the following is an aptitude test.
final exam
S.A.T.
Test
Quiz
56
Which of these are NOT a type of intelligence?
Ability intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
General intelligence
57
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
All languages share a similar grammar.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
Words shape the way people think.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
58
g factor general intelligence?
Lewis Terman
Robert Sternberg
Charles Spearman
Howard Garder
59
All of the following are ways to improve your memory
EXCEPT
:
repression
chunking
repetition
mnemonic device
60
Availability heuristic theory argues that...
More hours spent watching TV = view that crime is high
A person's diet can effect how they view crime
Fear is influenced by how readily we access crime images
Fear is influenced by believe of risk and impact
61
Society's general increase in intelligence due to technology is known as _______.
Flynn effect
Savant syndrome
Down syndrome
Theories of Intelligence
62
A procedural memory is...
A memory of for colors and numbers
A memory of an specific life event
A memory very vivid almost life-like memory
A memory of how to do a specific task
63
What are the the stages of the memory processes?
encoding, storage, retrieval
retrieving, analyzing, sensing
encoding, saving, analyzing
analyzing, storing, retrieval
64
How do casinos take advantage of the availability heuristic?
Always having a lot of cash on hand in case of a big bet
Making it easy to win initially and drawing gamblers in
Emphasizing wins with flashing lights and downplaying losses
Having Slot Machines readily available
65
Crystalized intelligence involves...
Problem solving
Facts
Adaptability
Reason
