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FINAL! FINAL!
FINAL! FINAL!
174 terms
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StudBud Administration
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14 plays
Review for last final exam in the LPN to RN program
Flashcards
174 cards
F
Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
174
Answers
1
Decr. PETCO2 can also occur when alveolar ventilation is increased such as:
hyperthermia
sepsis
hypoventilation
hyperventilation
2
What is the leading cause of upper GI hemorrhage?
Peptic ulcer disease
Esophagogastric varices
Infectious Colitis
Liver failure
3
What are some signs/symptoms of pulmonary edema? (select all)
Pink frothy sputum
Profuse diaphoresis
Gurgling sounds
Decreased respiratory rate
4
Which lab test aids in diagnosing heart failure vs a pulmonary disorder?
CK-MB
BMP
Creatinine
BNP
5
What type of emergency medications are administered to STEMI patients if PCI is not available?
Inotropes
Fibrinolytics
Nitrates
NSAIDS
6
According to the RASS scale, a pt who is restless, makes nonaggressive movements is scored:
+2
0
+1
-1
7
What is a medical intervention to prevent the recurrence of a pulmonary embolism?
administration of thrombolytics
Decreasing pt's activities
Heparin and coumadin
administration of supplemental O2
8
Which of the following fits the criteria for Normal sinus rhythm? (select all that apply)
Rate: 60-100 beats/min
PR interval 0.22
PVC's present
P wave present with each QRS complex
9
Who tracks and receives reports for all implanted devices?
QSEN
FDA
AACN
10
The value of SVO2 monitoring is to determine
The diffusion of gases at the alveolar capillary membrane
An imbalance between oxygen supply and tissue demand
Oxygen saturation at the capillary level
The predicted cardiac output for pulmonary edema
11
Which
TWO
vasopressors will stimulate gluconeogenesis thereby causing incr. blood sugar?
Isuprel
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
Norepinephrine
12
Name the following rhythm
Normal Sinus rhythm
Third degree heartblock
Sinus bradycardia
Atrial fibrillation
13
Nursing
priorities
for inspecting a pt with kidney dysfunction are: (select all)
Assessing for bleeding
Evaluating volume depletion or overload
Evaluating for infection
Evaluating for pain
14
Which of the can be signs of left ventricular failure? (select all that apply)
Cough
Weight loss
Orthopnea
Cyanosis
15
What does individualized care mean?
Merging psychosocial elements with the tech environment
Learning your pt's preferences and tailoring the careplan
Placing emphasis on efficienty and quality of life
16
Which type of life threatening dysrhythmia could be caused as a result of low magnesium?
SVT
Third degree heartblock
Torsades des pointes
Sinus bradycardia
17
What are some nursing interventions used to optimize oxygenation/vent' after a pneumonectomy?
Positioning
with holding pain meds
Deep breathing/spirometry
early ambulation
18
In the post op GI surgical pt, what interventions will help optimize oxygenation/ventilation?
Frequent use of incentive spirometry
Administer pain meds
Administer sedatives
Keep pt on bedrest
19
Which of the following conditions is usually associated with clubbing?
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Acute hypoxemia
20
How does the sympathetic nervous system compensate for low cardiac output?
Vasodilation to periphery
Decreasing levels of catecholamines
Decreases heartrate and blood pressure
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
21
Which type of med has powerful amnesic properties, but not recommended for mech. ventilated pt?
Central alpha adrenergic receptor agonists
Opiates
Sedative-hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
22
Brain Trauma foundation guidelines recommend a CPP in the range of:
40-80 mm hg
50-70 mm hg
70-90 mm hg
60-80 mm hg
23
Which of the following is an indication for Temporary pacing?
HR 40 BP 80/42, skin ashen, c/o chest pain
HR 42 Pt awake, alert, runs 5 miles daily
Cool clammy skin, HR 35 pt confused
Hr 40, BP 110/64, pt alert, no complaints
24
Which medication is frequently used at low doses to stimulate blood flow to the kidney?
Bumex
Magnesium
Dopamine
Epinephrine
25
A patient with diabetes in the critical care unit is at risk for developing DKA due to:
physiologic and psychologic stress
Increased release of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
inadequate food intake
Excess insulin administration
26
Priority
interventions for a pt with DKA are: (select all that apply)
Ensure pt has a full meal
Initiate insulin drip with hourly blood sugar checks
Aggressive fluid volume replacement
Administer IV antibiotics
27
Patients with central DI (Diabetes Insipidus) can be treated with:
Insulin
Glucagon
Vasopressin
Propylthiouracil
28
which type of med treats cerebral edema by pulling fluid from extravasc into intravasc space?
Osmotic diuretics
Barbiturates
sedatives
Anticonvulsants
29
What is a normal Serum osmolality?
375-395
275-295
285-300
280-290
30
Organ donation
Is a choice only the patient can make for him/herself
is controlled by individual institutional policies
is mandated by legal and regulatory agencies
Must be requested by the nurse caring for the dying patient
31
Cushing's triad refers to symptoms that are r/t pressure on the medullary brainstem, they are:
systolic hypertension
abnormal respirations
tachycardia
bradycardia
32
A severe asthma attack that doesn't respond to a pt's usual bronchodilators is known as
Status Asthmaticus
acute lung failure
COPD
pneumonia
33
Name the following rhythm
Second degree heart block type 1 (Wenckebach)
Second degree heart block type 2
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus bradycardia
34
What is the number one priority when assessing fluid balance?
Weight
Temperature
assessing for edema
Blood pressure/heart rate
35
What is a proper intervention for Metabolic acidosis?
Sedation
Prescribing bp meds
Hydration
diuretics
36
With Rhabdomyolysis, what is the
primary
treatment to prevent Acute Kidney injury? (AKI)
IV Albumin
IV Crystalloids
Lasix IV
Bicarb and mannitol
37
With a cerebral injury the body produces a compensatory response by: (select all)
Decreasing the cardiac output
Increasing the heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Decreased respiratory rate
38
What medication is given to help control ammonia levels in a patient with liver failure?
Lactulose
Insulin
Albumin
Vitamin K
39
For respiratory acidosis, what are the priority nursing interventions focused on?
monitoring for drug toxicities
Decreasing blood pressure
Increasing urinary output
improving ventilation and oxygenation
40
Which of the following has the potential to decrease risk of Vent' assoc. pneumonia? (VAP)
Good oral hygiene/suctioning
Use of a closed tracheal suction system
Maintaing good oxygenation
Humidification of air
41
What is a multidisciplinary team?
A Team of physicians with varying specialties
A team of advanced practice nurses
Dr's, nurses, RT's etc emphasizing continuity of care
42
The process of breaking down fat or protein to make new glucose is called:
Ketoacidosis
hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
Gluconeogenesis
43
A normal Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is:
140-180
100-200
60-120
70-100
44
A med. induced depression of consciousness in which pts respond to verbal commands is:
General anesthesia
Deep sedation
Light sedation
Moderate sedation
45
What is the number one priority intervention for a patient with pulseless Ventricular tach?
Administer IV fluids
Defibrillate and CPR
Secure airway
Administer high flow O2
46
Name the following rhythm
Supraventricular tachycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Ventricular Tachycardia
47
What are some signs/symptoms of an anastomotic leak? (select all)
Subcutaneous emphysema in the chest
Increased diuresis
severe abdominal pain
Tachycardia
48
An endoscopic procedure that involves applying bands around bleeding varices is:
Endoscopic injection therapy
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Endoscopic Variceal Ligation
Esophagectomy
49
_______is reached when enough fluid leaves one space and enters the other to equalize pressure
equilibrium
disequilibrium
hydrostatic pressure
Osmosis
50
When is administration of nitrates for a cardiac pt. c/o chest pain contraindicated?
A patient with a bp of 105/62
The pt took Viagra 6 hr prior
Patient c/o shortness of breath
Pt has frequent PVC's on cardiac monitor
51
What is a #1 nursing priority in acute lung failure?
Preventing the spread of infection
Optimizing oxygenation and ventilation
Involving family in pt's care
providing comfort
52
A narrowing of the aortic valve is called:
Aortic obstruction
Aortic stenosis
Triscuspid stenosis
Aortic valve regurgitation
53
What types of complications can occur during intubation? (select all)
dysrhythmias
hypoxemia
pharyngeal and hypopharyngeal trauma
hypocapnia
54
Which of the following are age related pulmonary changes? Select all that apply
Increased stiffness of chest wall
Reduced mucociliary clearance
Decreased anterior-posterior diameter of thorax
Increased lung size
55
Fluid that exists outside of cells in our body is known as:
Extracellular fluid
Transcellular fluid
Solutes
Intracellular fluid
56
What is the mission of the SCCM?
To secure and establish quality, cost effective care for pts
To be the largest specialty nursing organization
Reward facilities that demonstrate exceptional care.
57
What are the three hormones that help control fluid and electrolyte balance?
Aldosterone, ADH and natriuretic peptides
Cortisol, FSH and aldosterone
Aldosterone, ADH and Creatinine
ADH, Cortisol and Creatinine
58
What is a byproduct of rapid fat breakdown?
glucose
Lipids
acetone
Ketone bodies
59
Which meds can be rx'd to break the RAAS cycle? Select all that apply
ACE inhibitors
ARB's (Angiotensin receptor blockers)
Diuretics
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
60
T or F: Ischemic damage to kidneys may be from prolonged hypotension or low cardiac output.
F
T
61
Which types of medications should be administered post MI to prevent ventricular remodeling?
antidysrhythmics
Potassium supplements
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors or ARB's
62
Which of the following lab values could reflect an acute kidney injury? (select all)
pH 7.50
pH 7.29
Creatinine 2.4
Potassium 6.0
63
You are assessing your pt for right ventricular dysfunction. What s/s may indicate this? (2ans)
Decreased CVP
JVD
hepatomegaly
Weight loss
64
What is the
initial
treatment priority in a pt with GI bleed?
Prep pt for endoscopy
Administer IV fluids, blood and blood products.
Insert a Nasogastric tube
Administer coagulation products
65
When administering propofol over an extended period, what should be monitored?
Platelet count
Serum triglyceride level
Sodium and potassium
Acid-base balance
66
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys?
Causes Adrenals to secrete Aldosterone
Binds to receptors in nephrons, which decr reabsorp. of Na+
Constricts arterioles in the nephrons causing a lower GFR
Acts directly on tubules making them more permeable to water
67
What are some causes of acute liver failure? (select all)
Herpes and Hepatitis
Toxins or medications
Malignancy
Hypermetabolism
68
What is one of the most common causes of heart failure in the elderly patient?
Stroke
Renal failure
Diabetes
Myocardial infarction
69
A vasospasm that can occur with or without atherosclerotic lesions, commonly occurs at rest
unstable angina
stable angina
Variant (prinzmetal) angina
Myocardial infarction
70
Causes of decr. PETCO2 includes situations where CO2 production is decreased these include:
hyperthermia
hypothermia
seizures
Cardiac arrest
71
an interval on an EKG that shows time between sinus node discharge and vent' depolarization
QT interval
PR interval
P wave
QRS complex
72
If administered in a timely fashion following symptoms of CVA, what may reverse CVA damage?
Aspirin
Fibrinolytic therapy
antiplatelet therapy
heparin
73
Fluid loss occurs through: (select all that apply)
urinating
sweating
wound drainage
Administration of IV fluids
74
What is a quick but temporary fix for hyperkalemia?
IV insulin and glucose
Increase IV fluids
Administration of Kayexalate
Administer Vasopressin
75
What is the most important aspect of the neurologic examination?
motor function
Level of consciousness
vital signs
pupillary function
76
The most common problem in the patient with type 2 diabetes is a(an)
imbalance between insulin production and use
Complete lack of insulin production
increased uptake of glucose in the cells
overproduction of glucose
77
What is the accumulation of lipoproteins and fibrinous prod. within a vessel?
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
Thrombosis
78
What are some lifestyle changes recommended for Diabetes type 2 patients? (select all)
Crash diets
Rest as much as possible
Change in their diet pattern
Increased physical exercise
79
Which type of med. is used to relax bronchial smooth muscle and dilate airways?
mucolytics
Anticholinergic Agents
Beta agnoists
inhaled corticosteroids
80
Which statement is true regarding natriuretic peptides?
they cause adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone
they are secreted by the adrenal cortex
secreted by special cells in the heart, respond to incr bp
they respond to blood osmolarity
81
A patient is diagnosed with acute liver failure. Signs/symptoms of acute liver failure are:
Peripheral neuropathy
Jaundice
Palmar erythema
Hyperventilation
82
Which is true regarding age related changes in the older adult patient?
Increase in fine motor skills
decreased mucociliary clearance
Increased GFR and renal blood flow
Increased lean body mass
83
A sudden onset of neurologic deficit lasting >24 hr caused by interruption of blood to brain is
Transient ischemic attack (TIA's)
Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
Cerebral aneurysm
Increased intracranial pressure
84
Which lab findings are found in patients with SIADH? Select all
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Increased plasma Osmolality >295
Decreased plasma osmolality < 275 mOsm/kg H2O
85
When treating a pt diagnosed with DKA, what are some complications the nurse should watch for?
Hypernatremia
Fluid overload
infection
hypo/hyperkalemia
86
In a post op craniotomy pt, the nurse needs preserve adeq. CPP. What interventions will help?
closely monitor for fluid imbalance
Frequent suctioning of airway
HOB elev. 30-45 degrees
avoidance of vomiting and fever
87
Which of the following is considered to produce most damage to the heart?
Subepicardial infarction
Transmural infarction
Intramural infarction
Subendocardial infarction
88
The most common contributing factor to the development of delirium in ICU pts is
hypoxemia
sleep deprivation
electrolyte disturbances
sensory overload
89
when a pacing stimulus fires but fails to initiate depolarization, this is known as
Undersensing
Loss of capture
No pacing stimulus
OVersensing
90
What is the number one priority in nursing management of the patient with stroke?
Family and pt. education
Monitoring for changes in neuro and hemodynamic status.
hyperoxygenation
Sedation
91
What are some causes of Fluid overload? select all that apply
SIADH
Long term corticosteroid tx
Diabetes insipidus
Kidney failure
92
Managing dyspnea during end of life care involves: (select all that apply)
Benzodiazepines
hypnotics
increasing fluids
Opioids
93
Which diagnostic test is considered a gold standard for diagnosing pancreatitis?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ultrasound
Abdominal Xray
Computed tomography (CT)
94
T or F: It is Recommended pt's with septic shock and hypotension are given high dose steroids
F
T
95
True or false: ST segment is always elevated when a pt is experiencing an MI
False
True
96
The following are signs/symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Select all
"worst headache of my life"
nausea/vomiting
stiff neck
Cloudy CSF
97
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to blood osmolarity?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Natriuretic peptides
ADH or vasopressin
98
Which factors can place a pt at high risk for infectious endocarditis? Select all that apply
ICD's
Pre existing structural abnormality of a cardiac valve
Heavy smoker
IV Drug abuser
99
Following neurosurgery a patient is at risk for the following EXCEPT:
Hypovolemia
injury from fall or seizures
Corneal abrasions
Infection
100
Older adults with poor bp control have increased risk of the following except:
Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular disease
COPD
Chronic kidney disease
101
Which one of the following are appropriate nursing intervention for a pt with SIADH? Select all
Iv fluid rehydration
Fluid restriction of 800-1200 ml/day
Administer Vasopressin
Administration of hypertonic saline
102
What types of EKG changes might you see with hyperkalemia?
ST elevation
ST depression
Tall peaked T waves
Narrow QRS complex
103
What types of meds are used to prevent GI bleeding in high risk patients? (select all)
Vitamin K
Proton pump inhibitors (prilosec)
Cytoprotective agents (Carafate)
H2 antagonists (pepcid)
104
The shift of tissue from one brain compartment to another causing pressure on the brain is:
Glioblastoma
Intracranial hypertension
Herniation
cerebral hemorrhage
105
The patient with ______has an excess of ADH in their blood, causing water retention, decr. Na+
Diabetes insipidus
Hypernatremia
Hyperglyemia
Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
106
When is prone positioning appropriate in a patient with respiratory difficulty?
A patient who is diagnosed with pulmonary edema
A patient who is sedated
A patient with pneumonia
A patient who is diagnosed with ARDS
107
Which of the following are diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis? (DKA) select all
Blood sugar greater than 250 mg/dl
Mild or absent ketones in serum or urine
Serum bicarbonate less than 18 mEq/L
pH greater than 7.45
108
What has beome one of the greatest threats of old age?
Heart failure
Cognitive functioning
Renal failure
Deteriorating circulation
109
What 3 tx's are used for cerebral vasospasm that can occur 3-12 days post SAH?
Nipride Iv drip
induced hypertensive, hypervol, hemodilution tx (HHH)
oral nimodipine
transluminal cerebral angioplasty
110
Which of the following conditions will cause chemical pneumonitis?
aspirated contents with pH <2.5
Foreign body airway obstruction
exposure to a patient with TB
Aspiration of contents with pH >2.5
111
A procedure that involves IV injection of contrast, and with Xray to visualize kidney tissue is
Kidney biopsy
Kidney ureter bladder radiograph (KUB)
CT scan
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
112
Which of the following serum lab values is increased in acute pancreatitis?
Ammonia
Albumin
Bilirubin
Amylase
113
What are some clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia? (select all)
N/V, Adominal cramps
Flushed dry skin
irritability/trembling
Acetone breath odor
114
What types of medications are used to facilitate dilation of airways (select all)
Steroids
Methylxanthines
Beta agonists
mucolytics/expectorants
115
Which
hormone
controls the amount of fluid lost and retained in the body?
aldosterone
glucose
insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
116
What helps to decrease atherosclerotic plaque size?
Decreasing blood pressure
Cessation of smoking
Decreasing blood sugar
Decreasing blood cholesterol levels
117
Which medication should be avoided in patients with hypokalemia?
Aspirin
Spironolactone
Potassium supplements
Furosemide
118
What types of changes are the most obvious in hyponatremia?
Neuromuscular changes
Cardiovascular changes
Intestinal changes
Cerebral changes
119
Which test is used to differentiate neurogenic DI (diabetes insipidus) from nephrogenic DI
Water depravation test
Cortisol levels
ADH test
Presence of ketone bodies
120
Nursing priorities for assessment of a patient with pancreatic dysfunction focuses on:
preventing hemorrhage
Prevention of hypo/hyperglycemia
preventing infection
Monitoring for jaundice
121
What are some triggering events that will activate the Renin-angiotensin II pathway ? select 2
Low blood pressure
hypervolemia
hypertension
hypoxemia
122
The mean ICP under normal physiologic conditions is around:
30 mm hg
5 mm hg
20 mm hg
15 mm hg
123
In renal failure, the kidney longer produces erythropoietin, this could result in:
hypophosphatemia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
anemia
124
What is the most sensitive indicator of increased ICP?
A Change in the level of consciousness
Increased blood pressure
Decreased O2 sat.
Impaired swallowing
125
Family members become dissatisfied and stressed because of a lack of _____among care providers.
patient's outcome
communication
care provided
patient's prognosis
126
Which of the following is NOT a complication of oxygen therapy?
Carbon dioxide retention
Absorption atelectasis
Oxygen toxicity
hypocarbia
127
Which type of medication is generally used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome related agitation?
Hypnotics
Benzodiazepines
antipsychotics
Thiamine
128
Which biomarkers are monitored to identify myocardial injury? (select two)
Tronponin I
BNP
CK-MB
CRP
129
Transjugular Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIP) is a procedure for:
controlling bleeding of ulcers
removing esophageal tumors
decreasing portal hypertension
removing pancreatic tumors
130
Acid base balance occurs through:
Control of hydrogen production and elimination.
Normal metabolism
Cell destruction
Proper breakdown of glucose
131
Tall peaked T Waves, Prolonged PR interval, Wide QRS complexes can be a sign of:
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
dehydration
Hypermagnesemia
132
Which type of MI causes injury to all three cardiac layers?
Epicardial infarction
Subepicardial infarction
Transmural infarction
Subendocardial infarction
133
What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a blood pressure of 135/82
90
110
102
100
134
A pt is diagnosed with ARDS, what type of ABG results would you expect to see?
Increased PaO2, decreased PaCO2, decreased pH
Decreased pH, Decreased PaCO2, Decreased PaO2
Increased PaCO2, Decreased pH, Decr. PaO2
Increased pH, decreased PaO2, Increased PaCO2
135
What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis? (select all that apply)
Mechanical ventilation
Increased ingestion of antacids
Fear, anxiety
Prolonged vomiting
136
Which diag. test is used to view intracranial structures, identify tumors, edema, + hemorrhage
Skull Xrays
PET scan
CT Scan
Angiography
137
A test assessing ocular function by holding a pt's eyes open while turning the head is;
Checking for cushing reflex
Checking for an Oculovestibular reflex
Checking for pupil response
checking for oculocephalic (doll's eye) reflex
138
When blood reaches the arterial system without participating in gas exchange is called:
Poor cardiac output
hypertension
bronchostriction
Pulmonary shunting
139
The sympathetic nervous system compensates for low cardiac output by: (select all that apply)
Increasing heartrate
Decreasing heart rate
Causing vasodilation
Increasing blood pressure
140
What type of Biomarkers are used to aid in diagnosis of an MI? (select all)
BNP
CK-MB
Troponin I
Cholesterol
141
Name the following rhythm
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Atrial flutter
Ventricular Tachycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
142
Which dysrhythmia is recognized on the ECG by a sawtooth atrial pattern?
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular Tachycardia
143
Any obstruction hindering the flow of urine from kidney thru remainder of urinary tract may:
cause urethritis
Lead to prerenal AKI
Lead to Intrarenal AKI
Lead to postrenal AKI
144
What are some signs of fluid overload? (Select all that apply)
Bradypnea
Elevated CVP
Elevated blood pressure
Tachycardia
145
What is the most important organ involved in fluid balance?
kidneys
bladder
Heart
liver
146
In advanced heart failure, what measures can be taken to decr fluid overload/improve Card outpt
Admin. oxygen
Administer nipride (vasodilator)
Admin diuretics
Admin oxygen
147
What is the best way to evaluate arterial circulation in an extremity?
Peripheral edema
Homans sign
Capillary refill
Skin turgor
148
This pulmonary disorder is defined by bacterial invasion of the lower resp. tract
ARDS
Sepsis
Acute Pneumonia
Status asthmaticus
149
What type of lab testing is done to determine if there is adrenal dysfunction?
TSH level
ADH level
serum cortisol level
Glycated hemoglobin
150
What is the best way to monitor for fluid retention and overload?
Monitoring daily weights
Monitoring for peripheral edema
Monitoring O2 sats
Daily electrolyte levels
151
Which of the following are responsible for causing coronary artery obstruction? (select all)
Plaque rupture
Ischemia
New Coronary artery thrombosis
Coronary artery spasm
152
How is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state different from DKA?
HHS has an arterial pH >7.3, DKA is <7.3
DKA's onset is slow, HHS is sudden
HHS is strongly positive for urine acetone, DKA is not.
With DKA, serumBicarbonate is normal, in HHS it is <15
153
Fluids with an osmolarity of > 300mOsm/L are considered
isosmotic
Hypertonic
isotonic
Hypotonic
154
The following are signs of left ventricular failure (select all)
Gallop rhythm
Crackles in lungs
Strong peripheral pulses
Tachycardia
155
What is a preferred mode of access for long term hemodialysis?
AV graft
Femoral catheter
Subclavian catheter
AV fistula
156
For severe heart muscle damage, what are some interventions that will incr. O2 supply? (3 ans)
diuretics
Inotropic medications
Nitroglycerin
Supplemental O2
157
Interpret this ABG: pH 7.15, PCO2 65, HCO3 23
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
158
What is defined as a bleeding directly into the cerebral tissue?
Cerebral vasospasm
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Subdural hemorrhage
Sub arachnoid hemorrhage
159
Where does the majority of thrombotic emboli arise from?
Deep leg veins
heart
tumors
fat
160
What is the blood pressure gradient across the brain?
Cerebral blood perfusion
Intracranial pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Cerebral perfusion pressure
161
What are some nursing interventions for a pt with a salem sump? (nasogastric tube) select all:
Irrigating the tube every 4 hours or as ordered
Frequent mouth and nares care
Use high continuous suction
Administer rx'd meds thru the salem sump
162
To prevent trauma to alveoli, what are some medical interventions used for ARDS? (select all)
Permissive hypercapnea
High frequency oscillatory ventilation
Diuretic therapy
Low tidal volume
163
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels provide information about:
The average blood glucose level over the previous 3-4 mo
Serial glucose levels after ingestion of high glucose drink
Blood glucose levels in comparison with serum hgb
The difference between serum and urine glucose levels
164
Older adults with CAD, Htn, angina, or prev. MI should be rx'd:
A potassium supplement
AN SSRI
A Beta blocker
A Diuretic
165
What is a common cause of adverse medication reactions in the older adult population?
Alcohol use
multiple allergies
Polypharmacy
Cigarette use
166
What are some complications that can occur following GI surgery? (select all)
DVT
Atelectasis/pneumonia
pruritus
Anastomotic leak
167
A patient with Ventricular Fibrillation is:
diaphoretic
hypertensive
bradypneic
Pulseless
168
A measure of the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin compared with hgb's max capability is:
PaO2
Oxygen saturation
hemoglobin affinity
PCO2
169
What is considered the treatment of choice in patients with Torsades de Pointes?
epinephrine
Nipride
Lidocaine
Magnesium
170
Who should be present during the process of a terminal wean?
Physician
All of the above
Respiratory therapist
Nurse
171
What are some evidence based practices that will prevent aspiration? select all
Keep HOB at 30-45 degrees
obtain a swallow test before starting oral feedings
Maintain ET cuff pressures at an appropriate level
Give supplemental O2
172
What type of emergent treatment is appropriate for an unstable pt with 3rd degree heartblock?
Epinephrine administered IV
Transcutaneous Pacing
Synchronized Cardioversion
CPR
173
When aspiration is witnessed, what is the FIRST emergency intervention a nurse must perform?
Call patient's physician
Turn pt's head to the side and suction airway/oral cavity
Give supplemental O2
Check vital signs
174
Which of the following nursing interventions is NOT appropriate within first 4 hours after PCI?
Increase IVF's to 100 ml/hr, and encourage oral fluids.
Assess pedal pulses frequently
Monitor arterial puncture site for hematoma/bleeding
Place patient in semifowler position
