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Biology Final Study Guide
Biology Final Study Guide
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1
_____ represents a formula for a chemical compound
P
C
H
H2)
2
Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?
cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome
3
the processes that are occuring at A and B are
meiosis and fertilization
mitosis and pollination
mitosis and fertilization
meiosis and pollination
4
which of the cells depicted in the line graph in figure 9-2 are most likely cancerous
C
D
B
A
5
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell
it will shrink
it will swell
it will stay the same
it will wilt
6
which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory
eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells
the genetic material in cells in dna
living organisms are composed to cells
cells have a plasma membrane
7
In which part of the cell does this process shown in Figure 12-2 take place?
in the nucleus
at the ribosomes
in food vacuoles
on the chromosome
8
A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least _____ dominant allele(s) present in the parent(s).
one
four
three
two
9
cholesterol is repelled by water and can be found between the layers of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane
cholesterol is polar
a high colesterol diet should be avoided
cholesterol is nonpolar
cholesterol is repelled by the polar tails
10
25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen through the coat this is
codominant alleles
sex-linked genes
multiple alleles
polygenic inheritance
11
which organelles converts sugars into energy
nucleus
mitochondrion
lysosome
ribosome
12
One isotope of carbon differs from another in which way?
number of electrons
number of nuetrons
number of protons
atomic number
13
What is the genotype of generation 1 in Figure 10-5?
Ii
II
I
ii
14
Where would a DNA substitution probably have the smallest or least effect on the organism?
exon
histone
intron
operon
15
a white rooster and a black hen results in 100% blue Andalusian offspring When two of these blue offspring are mated
offspring would be 75% black, 25% white
offspring would be 25% black, 50% blue, 25% white
offspring would be 100% blue
offspring would be 75% blue, 25% white
16
A DNA segment is changed from-AATTAG- to -AAATAG-. This is a ____.
deletion
substitution
frameshift mutation
insertion
17
Which of the structures in Figure 12-2 are composed of RNA?
III and V
I and V
III and IV
II and IV
18
which of the following metabolic pathways in anabolic
photosynthesis
breakdown of actin in muscles
respiration
alcohol fermentation
19
in a test cross, if one parents genotype is homozygous dominant
1/2 of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype
3/4 of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype
all of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype
1/4 of the offspring will have the dominant phenotype
20
a single covalent bondy forms when two atoms do which of these
when they share one electron
when they share two electrons
when one gives an electron to the other
when one gives two electrons to the other
21
the possible allelic combinations that could be found in gametes produced by the meiotic defintion of thic cells are
Bb, Dd, BB, and DD
BD, bD, Bd, and bd
Bd and bD only
BbDd and BDbd
22
How is the alignment of chromosomes, shown in Figure 9-4, on the equatorial plate of the cell maintained?
The pressure of the cytoplasm moves them there.
Tension between opposite spindle fibers pulls them there.
The chromosomes are attracted to each other and meet there.
They are always located there, since that is where the nucleus was.
23
wich statement is true about bacterial cells
the cells have no nucleus
the cells are very large
they are eukaryotes
they have organelles
24
in the periodic table of the elements, wlements in group 1 have how many electrons
8
1
4
0
25
Applicants for the third job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Executive Position," could qualify if they were ____
tRNA
rRNA
DNA
mRNA
26
In Figure 10-8, which set of chromatids illustrates the result of a single crossover of the homologous chromosomes?
B
C
D
A
27
If cancer is present, what happend to curves B and D in figure 9-2
they thrived with the cancerous cells
they died off because the cancerous cells deprived them of nutrients
they were harmed by radiation therapy
they died off due to natural causes
28
which of the diagrams in figure 8-1 show how energy is produced in a cell
C
D
B
A
29
the offspring of the cross fertilization of pea plants with purple flowers and pea plants with white flowers are called
pure breeds
gametes
hybrids
recessive breeds
30
Structure III in Figure 12-2 represents a(n) ____.
gene
amino acid
dna molecule
codon
31
at what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached
when the molecules are mixed and stop moving
when the movement of the molecules stops being random
when there is continuous movement but no change
when the rate of change in the solution slows by one half
32
If an atom has 7 electrons, how many are located in the second energy level?
3
2
5
7
33
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
iron rusting
water evaporation
ice melting
sugar dissolving in water
34
The process illustrated in Figure 12-2 is called ____.
replication
transcription
translation
monoploidy
35
The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, c12h22o11 is ____
22
11
45
12
36
A heterozygous organism is best described as which of these?
genotype
dominant
hybrid
true breeding
37
What results from the removal of a phosphate group from ATP
the release of energy
the production of mechanical energy
the creation of energy
the absorption of energy by chlorophyll
38
Figure 9-4 illustrates which stage of mitosis?
metaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
39
Crossing over would most likely occur during which stage of the cell cycle?
when cytokinesis begins
when homologous chromomosomes line up in pairs
when centromeres are separated
when DNA is being replicated
40
where are you least likely to find water in the structure shown in figure 7-4
A
E
C
B
41
which is present only in eukaryotic cells
DNA
cell membrane
chromosomes
nucleus
42
What is the genotype of the unknown rabbit in Figure 13-3?
homozygous short ears
heterozygous
recessive
homozygous long ears
43
The chromosomes shown in figure 9-1 are in which state of mitosis
metaphase
telophase
anaphase
prophase
44
What is the approximate size of A in Figure 7-3?
700 m
1000 m
400 m
500 m
45
If two heterozygous individuals are crossed, what percent of their offspring are also expected to be heterozygous?
100
0
75
50
46
Suppose an animal is heterozygous AaBb. When meiosis occurs, what is the total number of possible combination
4
2
8
6
47
in which of these processes do scientists use restriction enzymes
inbreeding
hybridization
genetic engineering
selective breeding
48
which element would need to be removed from the molecule in Figure 6-2 to make it unsaturated?
phosphorus
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
49
where does the oxygen used in cellular respiration end up
water
glucose
ATP
NADH
50
Which of these has occurred by the end of prophase
the spindle is beginning to form
the cell membrane has begun to pinch inward
the nuclear membrane has disappeared
sister chromatids are seperated
51
The typical human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a typical human sperm?
92
23
46
45
52
In what decade did the cell theory become an accepted part of biology?
1620s
1980s
1850s
1940s
53
heterozygous blood type A marries a heterozygous for blood type B The chance that the first kid will have type O blood
50%
25%
75%
0%
54
which particle in the nucleus of an atom has a neutral charge
carbon
electron
neutron
proton
55
Which of the following occurs in telophase?
chromosomes line up
chromosomes move to opposite poles
chromosomes condense
chromosomes relax
56
What is the approximate size of B in Figure 7-3?
1000 m
500 m
400 m
700 m
57
What fraction of this cross will be recessive for both traits?
1/2
1/4
1/16
1/8
58
What is the role of the spindle fibers?
to join homologous chromosomes together
to initiate the formation of the nuclear membrane
to move chromosomes in the cell
to store nucleotides prior to DNA synthesis
59
What would be the best way to estimate the size of C in Figure 7-3?
estimate by what you can see
decrease magnification
increase magnification
ssume it is 2000 m
60
Which of the four cells below it represents a healthy gamete that could be produced from this cell?
c
b
d
a
61
the process by which plants are bred to produce larger fruits and a longer growing time is called
selective breeding
dominant breeding
offspring breeding
recessive breeding
62
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
63
What will be the result of the mutation in Figure 12-3?
frameshift
insertion
lethal
substitution
64
What will be the result of the mutation in Figure 12-3?
it will have no effect on protein function
translation will not occur
nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed
only one amino acid will change
65
Here are two related mRNA sequences: 5'UUUAGCGAGCAU3' and 5'UUUAGCCAUAAAAAAAA3'. How was the second sequence formed?
RNA polymerase matched upseveral incorrect nucleotide bases to the original
processingremovedanexon and added a poly-A tail to form the second sequence
a tandem repeat mutation formed the second sequence
processingremovedanintronandadded a poly-A tail to form the second sequence
66
according to basic pairing rules, wotf sequences could be formed during replication
two adenine, two thymine, one guanine, one cytosine
two adenine, two guanine, two cytosine
two cytosine, two adenine, two uracil
two cytosine, two adenine, two thymine
67
what would happen to the structure in figure 7-4 if part d is completely removed
it would become more rigid
it would disitergrate
it would collapse in on itself
it would have holes in it
68
Which stage of meiosis is represented in Figure 10-10?
metaphase I
anaphase I
anaphase II
metaphase II
69
what is a cross between two varieties of a plant used in an attempt to create new variety with traits from both parents
hybridization
cloning
selective breeding
polyploid planting
70
By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except
disappearing of the nucleolus
breaking down of the nuclear envelope
lining up of chromosomes in the cell
tighter coiling of the chromosomes
71
Which stage of meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment?
telophase I
metaphase II
prophase I
metaphaseI
72
in which types of organisms does the process shown in figure 8-4 take place
neither plants nor animals
animals only
both plants and animals
plants only
73
which is the negatively charged particle located outside the nucleus of an atom
electron
silicon
proton
neutron
74
Applicants for the fourth job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Supervisor," could qualify if they were ____
dna
mrna
rrna
trna
75
Another human trait that would show a similar inheritance pattern/frequency of distribution is ____
blood type
incidence of cystic fybrosis
number of fingers and toes
height
