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OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH Flashcards | StudBud
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OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH
OCR PE A LEVEL SKILL ACQ/SPORTS PSYCH
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1
What is cognitive dissonance?
When cognitive function begins to break down
The distance between your thought and desires in the brain?
Inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, relating to a behavior change
2
Catastrophe theory is more accurate than drive and inverted U theory as
performance decline is more extreme reflecting real life
performance takes time to recover after 'catastrophe'
it accounts for individual differences
the curve is more accurate
3
Pick a classification for this skill.
Distrete Skill
Serial Skill
Continious Skill
4
Which of these are externally paced skills
A batsmen playing a shot depending on the spin of the ball
Goalkeeper diving in response to where the ball is kicked
A javelin athlete throwing
A long jumper when jumping
5
which is a 'trait theory'?
instinct theory
aggressive cue hypothesis
social learning theory
frustration aggression hypothesis
6
what is Operant conditioning
use of coaching to discipline naughty athletes
use of reinforcement to link correct responses to stimulus
use of fun and games during sessions to keep morale up
use of sweets and presents to promote good athletes
7
Name this arousal theory
Drive
Inverted U
Motivation
Catastrophe
8
The weakness of inverted U theory is
it's too simplistic
it wasn't designed for sport
It assumes everyone reacts in the same way
performance decreases are too gradual
9
Which of these was not a level of processing used by Craik and Tulving?
Semantic
Phonetic
Pictorial
Structural
10
Which types of guidance can lead to information overload?
manual
verbal
mechanical
visual
11
Which of these is a theory of personality
Social Learning Theory
Thorndike's Theory
Operant conditioning
Observational learning theory
12
What are transferable skills?
Skills that you learn only in work.
It's the transfer of skills from one job to another.
The type of skills that you can apply in a number of roles.
The skills that you need to transfer data.
13
What is the behavioural component of attitudes?
How they behave in response to an emotional conflict
How they respond to an object
What they know about the object
How they feel towards an object
14
'Working Memory' is also known as?
long term memory
sensory memory
short term memory
15
What are the 4 elements of persuasive communication theory?
Role Models, Message, Socialisation, Situation
Persuader, Message, Situation, Recipients
Persuader, Role Models, Situation, Current Attitude
Persuader, Recipient, Socialisation, Role Models
16
What is a Type A personality?
Patient, intolerant and high levels of anxiety
Patient, tolerant and Low levels of stress
Impatient, tolerant and low levels of stress
Impatient, intolerant and High levels of stress
17
The negative transfer of movement skills in a sport refers to
when the ball/field/apparatus can be used in multiple sports
when money goes from one code to another via advertising
when a skill from one sport is not suited to another sport
when a skill from one sport is suited to another sport
18
First stage of learning in the Fitts and Posner model.
Associative stage
None of the above
Cognitive Stage
Autonomous stage
19
Atkinson and Shiffren's multi store memory model
LTM - STM - STSS
STSS - STM - LTM
STM - STSS - LTM
20
Aggressive-cue hypothesis suggests?
Aggression is learnt by copying others who you observe being aggressive
Presence of aggressive cues e.g. a bat, increases chance of aggression
Aggression is an innate, survival instinct
If goals are blocked, aggression will occur
21
Vicarious learning is...
learning through research
learning through experimentation
learning through observation
22
Craik and Lockhart argued that...
There are multiple types of LTM
There are multiple types of STM
Rehearsal is not the only process
Too many memory studies are in the lab
23
Interactionist Theory of Personality =
B = F+Px(E)
B = FxPxE
P = B-(E+F)
(B = F(PxE)
24
Which of these is a reason for using 'whole' practice methods?
Skill is easier to transfer to performance
Skill is dangerous
Skilll can be broken into sub-routines
Gives a truer feel for the whole skill
25
What is a disadvantage when using whole practice for a beginner?
elite performers will not get bored
beginner will get lost in the information and terminology
it is a quick way of teaching
26
What is personality?
The sum of genetics that make you unique
The sum of thoughts that make you unique
The sum of behaviors that make you unique
The sum of characteristics that make you unique
27
Define 'Personality'
How good a person is at sport
What a person is like
Characteristics that form a persons character
Who a person spends time with
28
An example of intrinsic motivation is?
Improving a time trial
Winning a medal
Getting your picture taken
29
Which of these best describes social inhibition?
An increase in performance due to the presence of a crowd
The presence of others in a sporting situation
An increased chance of the dominant response occurring
A decrease in performance due to the presence of a crowd
30
An example of manual guidance would be:
Sprinting with a parachute behind you.
The coach supporting an athlete in gymnastics.
Using a float in swimming.
Using a scrummaging machine in rugby.
31
In anxiety the somatic level involves the
Negative appraisal of self
Rapid heart beat, increased perspiration
Tension, agitation, and restlessness
None of the above
32
choose the best answer that describes intrinsic feedback.
a pat on the back by a coach.
proprioception of performance .
being told what was good by the coach
knowledge of the result
33
Which best describes hostile aggression?
Intentional Physical & psychological harm
Lashing out unprovoked
Verbal abuse
Physical harm
34
An example of negative transfer is?
Overarm action in javelin and tennis serve
Wrist action in tennis and badminton
Run up in gymnastics vault and run up in high jump
Catching in cricket and rugby
35
According to arousal theory, people seek ________ arousal.
Decreased
Minimized
Optimal
Increased
36
Define the term 'Aggression'
Being angry at someone
Forced behaviour within the rules of the event
The intent to harm outside the rules of the game
Acting violently towards the oppostion
37
Which of the following is a disadvantage of part practice?
It can't be used with closed skills
It raises confidence through success
It limits awareness of the overall skill
It can be used at the cognitive stage of learning
38
A cognitive technique to manage anxiety is?
Listening to music
A massage
Visualisation/imagery
Deep breathing
39
Which skill is most likely to use the progressive part practice method?
football free kick
golf swing
basketball drible
gymnastics floor routine
40
Social facilitation is where?
The presence of an audience leads to increased performance
Presence of other performers leads to decrease in performance
Perception of being judged/evaluated leads to decrease in performance
The presence of an audience leads to decreased performance
41
The Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model suggested that memory consisits of:
A Sensory Memory
All of the above
A Long-Term Memory
A Short-Term Memory
42
This is a diagram of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory. 'C' refers to
Central executive
Recognition
Phonological loop
Rehearsal loop
43
If a person experiences cognitive dissonance..
They won't understand it
They may change
They want to resolve the conflict
They feel discomfort
44
Which of the following is an example of knowledge of performance feedback?
Successfully returning a tennis serve
Seeing the time recorded for a 100m race
Scoring a goal in hockey
A trampolinist told to tuck tighter in a somersault
45
The second phase in Fitts and Posner model is:
Cognitive
Autonomous
Associative
46
Not all skills perfectly fit one classification, the area between two classifications is a ....
Scale
Gradient
Continuum
Line
47
The cognitive part of the triadic model means?
Feelings/emotions about an atittude object
Knowledge or belief about an attitude object
Behaviour based on attitude
The amount of attitudes the brain can store
48
semantic memory
your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
the power of retaining and recalling past experience
loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma
Memory of one's personal experiences
49
A good example of verbal guidance would be:
None of the above.
Using a static photo to highlight a tactical error.
Using a microphone to shout abuse at the referee.
A coach discussing tactical play with players.
50
Identify the Fitts and Posner phase of motor learning shown in the image
autonomous
associative
Cognitive
cognitive and autonomous
51
What is is when the presence of others does not produce social facilitation?
Social Inhibition
Evaluation Apprehension
Drive Theory
Homefield Advantage
52
How many classification skills are there?
2
8
4
6
53
How many Laws did Thorndike have?
3
2
1
4
54
What is the zone of optimal functioning?
when an athlete is at their preferred level of anxiety
state of enhanced and improved psychological states
exercise being a distraction from other stressors
application of mechanical principles they relate to the body
55
What is the affective component of attitudes?
Feeling positively towards something
Emotional response towards the attitude object
Feeling negatively towards something
How you perceive the attitude object
56
IZOF theory states
Different arousal levels are needed for different sports
Different people perform better in different sports
Different people require different levels of arousal
57
Which of these is NOT a part of the Fitts and Posner model?
Motor Stage
Autonomous Stage
Associative Stage
Cognitive Stage
58
Distributed practice is...
Performing a skill through short drills with breaks
When a skill is performed repeatedly with little or no rest
59
Who are part practice methods most appropriate for?
Beginner athletes applying a learned skill
Experienced athletes refining their kinaesthetic awareness
Beginner athletes learning a new skill
Experienced athletes solving a tactical problemr?
60
Social learning theory is
B=f(p)
b=t(126/3)9
b=f(e)
a+b=s
61
Atkinson and ? Memory model
Shifffrins
Shirking
Shriffrin
Shinrin
62
What is intrinsic motivation?
Motivation for activities in an outside setting
Motivation for external rewards such medals/money etc.
Motivation for activities in an inside setting
Motivation for internal rewards, sense of achievement etc.
63
Which of the following is
not
an example of intrinsic feedback?
A cricketer feeling the ball hit the outside edge of the bat
A swimmer watching a replay of her tumble turn
A weightlifter knowing that he has pulled a muscle in his shoulder
A gymnast sensing that her vault was off balance
64
Knowledge of results proves an athlete with information about
The quality of the arm action used during the race
The coach's thoughts after the race
The time taken to run the race
The length of recovery time needed
65
What is the cognitive component of attitudes?
How you feel about your knowledge of the attitude object
How you respond to the attitude object
What you know about the attitude object
What you know about your attitude towards the object
66
What is the name of the 'type A and B' personality trait?
Hollander's approach
Eysenck's wide approach
Type A and B theory
Girdano's narrow band approach
67
What is somatic anxiety?
Anxiety expressed physiologically or of the body
Anxiety expressed psychologically or of the brain
Feeling nervous when competing
Feeling nervous in a specific situation
68
What is observational learning
Look and copy what the other geezer does
Motor production --> attention --> retention --> motor production
Attention --> retention --> motor production --> motivation (copying)
Attention --> retention --> motivation --> motor production
69
what classification of skills would swimming be under
serial
continuous
discrete
open
70
Give the characteristics of drive theory
high arousal is linked to high performance
high arousal creates a poor performance
low arousal creates a low performance.
low arousal creates a high performance
71
The positive transfer of movement skills in a sport refers to
when money goes from one code to another via advertising
when a skill from one sport is suited to another sport
when the ball/field/apparatus can be used in multiple sports
when a skill from one sport is not suited to another sport
72
Fixed practice can be described as.....
Having time out from the practice to recover
Gradually linking movements back together
Repeating the same movements in the same enviornment
Isolating a sub-routine for specific practice
73
The trait theory suggests that...
Is short term
We have always had the same personality and always will do
Our experiences shape our personality
Our personality can change based upon the situation.
74
Pick a classification for this skill.
Distrete Skill
Serial Skill
Continuous Skill
75
Retroactive transfer is where?
A skill learnt in the past affects a skill yet to be learnt
The transfer of learning from limb to limb
Where one skill aids the learning of another skill
A skill being learnt affects a skill previously learnt
76
The aim of Persuasive Communication is to
Change values
All of these
Change behaviour
Change attitudes
77
This is a diagram of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s multi-store model of memory. 'B' refers to
Sensory memory
Central executive
Long term memory
short term memory
78
2 practice scenarios that would build schemas and transfer between skills effectively.
Fixed and Whole
Whole and Part
Part and Whole
Varied and Whole
79
Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
Adoring fans
Medals
Desire to win
Praise from others
80
Which of the following describes intrinsic feedback?
Post-response information concerning the outcome of an action
An awareness of the body’s position from sensors in the muscles and tendons
Information received from the coach during an activity
Information about the execution of a performance from video
81
Mechanical guidance
Is when the coach tells you what to do
Is used all the time at the autonomous stage
Gives confidence to the learner learning a dangerous skill
Forms a mental picture of a skill
82
Knowledge of performance feedback is based on?
Quality/technique of a movement
Feedback from within
Feedback given by a coach
Outcome of a movement
83
Massed Practice is...
When a skill is performed repeatedly with little or no rest
When a skill is performed with large breaks inbetween
84
Which of these strategies will NOT lead to a reduction in aggression within a performer?
Develop a code of conduct and promote fair play
Highlight positive role models and encourage assertion
Punish or fine the player
Adopt a 'win at all costs' ethic
85
Pick the correct definition of the Hull's Drive Theory
A linear relationship between arousal and drive.
A linear relationship between performance and arousal.
A linear relationship between performance and drive
A linear relationship between drive and motivation.
86
What is 'Cognitive' anxiety?
Anxiety experienced physiologically or of the body
Anxiety experienced by the mind
A trait that is enduring in an individual
Anxiety experienced by the brain
87
What transfer occurs when there is
no relationship
between the skills?
Negative Transfer
Bilateral Transfer
Zero Transfer
Positive Transfer
