The right order of the 5 stages of Selman's theory about understanding others' thinking are

Undifferentiated, social-informational, self-refl, third-person, societal

Which is NOT one of Elkind's adolescent egocentrisms?

superhero complex, imaginary audience

What combination would result in a boy?

A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y

What factors cause children to be mistreated?

Poverty, social isolation, and family history of abuse

What are the three areas that show how environment impacts intelligence?

family and home, flynn effect, stimulating environment

What is a systems approach to parenting?

Family influences each other, and is influenced by other social systems

What are the four types of attachment?

Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized

What causes pubescent change?

Pituitary gland - regulates physical dev by releasing growth hormones

A teratogen is any agent that

results in abnormal prenatal development

What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?

Ending life based on clear statement | not giving available treatment

What are the risk factors contributing to intellectual disabilities?

biomedical, social, behavioral, educational

What are the five themes of coping with grief?

Coping, affect, change, narrative, relationship

What does the Apgar test measure?

heart rate, muscle tone, skin tone, respiration, reflexes

What are Rothbart's 3 dimensions of infant temperament?

Extroversion, negative affect, effortful control

Which is NOT part of the modern legal and medical definition of death?

Lack of heartbeat and respiration

What factors influence attachment?

Temperament, genetics, early life experiences

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Life Span Development final review

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Questions 79

Answers

1
The right order of the 5 stages of Selman's theory about understanding others' thinking are
Third-person, self-refl, social-informational, undifferentiated, societal
Societal, third-person, self-refl, social-informational, undifferentiated
Societal, social-informational, self-refl, third-person, undifferentiated
Undifferentiated, social-informational, self-refl, third-person, societal
2
The embryonic head develops before the body. This illustrates the ____ principle.
proximodistal
cephalocaudal
incomplete dominance
niche-picking
3
How do children begin comprehending words?
They use more reading strategies depending on the situation
Their inner worlds develop
All of the above
They get better at recognizing words
4
Niche-picking is when behaviors can influence genes
True
False
5
Parallel play is when children do similar activities
True
False
6
Peer pressure is totally powerful or evil
True
False
7
Puberty is when the brain fully develops
False
True
8
Which is NOT one of Elkind's adolescent egocentrisms?
superhero complex
illusion of invincibility
imaginary audience
personal fable
9
Cliques are groups based on status and full of like-minded individuals
False
True
10
When do the ovaries/testes develop in a fetus?
week 16
week 12
Week 9
week 20
11
What combination would result in a boy?
A 23rd pair of chromosomes with two Ys
A 17th pair of chromosomes with two Xs
A 17th pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y
A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y
12
Neuritic plaques are structural changes in the brain occuring when dying neurons cluster around a protein core
False
True
13
What factors cause children to be mistreated?
Conservative views about discipline
Anger issues from parents
Poverty, social isolation, and family history of abuse
14
How many weeks old is a zygote?
11-14
1-2
12-18
3-8
15
A genotype is the genetic code in one's DNA
True
False
16
The epigenetic principle states that each psychological strength has its own period of importance
True
False
17
_____ found that development is embedded in complex interactive systems
Skinner
Piaget
Bronfenbrenner
Freud
18
What are the three areas that show how environment impacts intelligence?
emotional safety, physical needs, self-awareness
family and home, flynn effect, stimulating environment
peers, impact of mentors, experiences at work
19
Gender schema theory says children want to learn more about something only after deciding if it's masc or fem
False
True
20
Proximodistal principle states that the fingers develop before the arm
False
True
21
Divorce and remarriage harms children ranging from school to adjustment
True
False
22
Competence-environmental press model: we adapt best with a balance between coping ability and environmental demands
False
True
23
Dilemmas surrounding euthanasia often arise when
Everything except yellow
Someone suffers from a terminal illness
Someone has a messy history
Someone is being kept alive by a machine
24
What is a systems approach to parenting?
A style of parenting based on the mental hardware and software of parents
Family influences each other, and is influenced by other social systems
Hierarchial parents
An organized structure of parenting
25
What are the four types of attachment?
Secure, estranged, resistant, disorganized
Secure, avoidant, antagonistic, nonexistent
Secure, avoid, resistant, empty
Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganized
26
Why do teenagers date?
Yes
Source of trust and support
Sexual exploration
Companionship
27
According to Sternberg, what are the 3 types of abilities crucial for successful intelligence?
Analytic, creative, practical
intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential
musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal
Linguistic, logical, spatial
28
Twins with the exact same genes are called dizygotic twins
True
False
29
Which is NOT a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?
history of disease
child overheating
premature birth/low weight
parental smoking
30
When do children start recognizing others' emotions?
4-6 months
10-12 months
1-3 months
7-8 months
31
What causes pubescent change?
Synaptic pruning - weeds out unnecessary connections
Drugs
Caffeine
Pituitary gland - regulates physical dev by releasing growth hormones
32
A teratogen is any agent that
results in abnormal prenatal development
inhibits impact of drugs on developing embryo
decreases changes of having a child with a genetic disorder
enhances flow of oxygen across placental barrier
33
Dynamic systems theory states that an infant must keep moving in order for locomotion to fully develop
False
True
34
What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?
There is no difference
Murder | leaving the patient to die
Ending life based on clear statement | not giving available treatment
35
Bioethics is the study of the intersection between human values and tech advances in life science
False
True
36
What does make believe do for children?
Teaches values and traditions
Helps children explore frightening topics
All of the above
Promotes imagination, sociability, and adjustment
37
What are the risk factors contributing to intellectual disabilities?
history of substance abuse, history of mental disorders like depression
addiction, drug use, risky behaviors
biomedical, social, behavioral, educational
38
Sports promotes muscle and bone growth, a lifelong routine, and help chidlren learn social skills and initiative
False
True
39
What are the five themes of coping with grief?
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Fire, water, air, earth, aether
Coping, affect, change, narrative, relationship
40
Self esteem is linked to teen's perceived competence and to how parents and peers see them
True
False
41
Which pair of Xsomes determines a child's sex?
4th
46th
23rd
17th
42
Teenage girls and boys should consume 2200-2700 calories per day depending on sex
True
False
43
What does the Apgar test measure?
heart rate, muscle tone, skin tone, respiration, reflexes
autonomic, motor, state, and control systems
DNA, ID, medical records, implants, X-rays
44
What are Rothbart's 3 dimensions of infant temperament?
Extroversion, negative affect, effortful control
Biological, psychosocial, mental
Machievallian, Freudian, Jungian
optimistic, pessimistic, nihilistic
45
Genetic factors that can influence longevity include familial longevity and family history of diseases
True
False
46
What effect is NOT associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?
poor impulse control
blindness
physical abnormalities
lower IQ/attention deficits
47
What is NOT one of the 4 types of parenting?
Fictitious
Permissive
Authoritarian
Authoritative
48
Which is NOT part of the modern legal and medical definition of death?
Flat EEG for at least 10 minutes
No change after a 24 hour reset
No movement to stimuli or response to pain
Lack of heartbeat and respiration
49
Which period is not considered part of prenatal development?
Neonate
Zygote
Fetus
Embryo
50
What factors influence attachment?
Socioeconomic status, privacy
Temperament, genetics, early life experiences
Culture, environment, social circles
Daycare quality, non-caregiver relationships
51
What are the 3 major biological theories about aging?
Cell death (aging is genetically programmed)
Rate of living (we only have so much energy to last a lifetime)
All of the above
Cellular (limit on cell division)
52
What determines how siblings get along?
Genetic factors
When they believe that parents treat them similarly
They don't get along
Personality and work ethic
53
How do firstborn, later born, and only children differ?
Only children are better off in intelligence, autonomy, and achievemnet
High expectations for firstborn, more intelligent and likely to go college
Laterborn are more popular and innovative
All of the above
54
Metamemory is...
a permanent storehouse for memories
a person's awareness of cognitive processes
a person's intuitive understanding of memory
skills at selecting memory strategies
55
There are three layers to an embyro
False
True
56
Common obstacles to healthy growth in adolescence include
Lack of self-control
Accidents involving cars or firearms
Juvenile behaviors
Substance abuse
57
Continuity theory is when people tend to cope with daily life by applying familiar strategies
False
True
58
How much does a newborn baby sleep a day?
18-20 hours
14-16 hours
16-18 hours
10-12 hours
59
When does a zygote become an embryo?
Week 2-5
Week 3-8
Week 2-6
Week 3-5
60
When does the total number of neurons finish developping in an infant?
4th month
28 weeks
8th month
3 weeks
61
What is Alzheimer's?
An inherited condition that breaks down nerve cells over time
A disease that causes shaky and uncontrollable movements
The most common form of severe, irreversible dementia
62
When does a fetus reach viability (ability to live outside a womb)?
Week 19-21
Week 17-19
Week 30-35
Week 22-28
63
Neurofibrillary tangles are when axon fibers twist together into spirals
True
False
64
The threadlike structures in a cell nucleus that contain DNA are called
Chromosomes
Germ discs
Genotype
Phenotypes
65
The hippocampus develops within the first year of life
False
True
66
What are the 3 fundamental characteristics of human development?
nature nurture, continuity, universal vs context development
water, gas, ice
tradition vs progress, good vs evil, fair vs justice
birth, life, death
67
Intellectual disability is defined as below average intelligence and adaption to an environment before age 18
False
True
68
The NBAS test measures 28 behavioral and 18 reflex items
True
False
69
Operant conditioning pairs a neutral stimulus with a response from another stimulus
False
True
70
What is a characteristic of gifted children?
Skills are above average in a field of interest
All of the above
They are creative thinkers and passionate for mastery
None of the above
71
What are Marcia's 4 identity statuses?
Moratorium (can't decide) + achievement (explored and decided)
Diffusion (similar to procrastination, put it off for as long as possible)
Foreclosure (determined by adults rather than self-exploration)
All of the above
72
At what age does self-awareness develop in toddlers?
12-18 months
5-10 months
18-24 months
6-12 months
73
What is the theory of mind?
The mind is a blank canvas
The mind is a sum of life experiences
Only one's mind is sure to exist
There is a link between mind and behavior
74
____'s theory states that people learn by modelling and observing
Erikson
Skinner
Oppenheimer
Bandura
75
Babies' fear of depth appears around the same time they learn to crawl
True
False
76
How do children learn grammar?
All of the above
They start communicating ideas to others
They have their own grammar
They are born with mechanisms that simplify grammar
77
How do working memory and processing speed change in adolescence?
Memory capacity stays rigid, but processing speed increases
Memory capacity increases, faster processing speed, both reach adult level
Both decrease by 25%
78
How does concern for justice and caring lead to moral reasoning?
Weigh the some versus the many
Only caring and responsibility for others plays a part in moral decisions
Balance of justice and caring in moral decisions
Consideration of both, with leaning for justice to remain under the law
79
The 2 dimensions of parenting are warm & responsive vs hostile & uninvolved, and extreme vs no control
False
True

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