What happens to methane after approximately 10 years?

Oxidised by the atmosphere to produce carbon dioxide & water

Which of the following is a community?

Rabbits, trees, deer, & bugs in a forest

What is the main cause of the rapidly increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere?

Combustion of stored carbon (fossil fuels and wood)

What characteristics describe a detritivore's digestion?

Internal digestion of dead matter

How do saprotrophs help the ecosystem?

digest dead organic matter in order to recycle nutrients

Why are there usually no more than 3 or 4 trophic levels?

Loss of heat energy between trophic levels

What is photosynthesis?

A way for organisms to use sunlight to produce chemical energy

How do saprotrophs digest dead matter?

Secrete digestive enzymes then absorb products

What are the main sources of CO2 on earth?

cellular respiration by consumers and combustion

Closed system which recyles energy and nutrients

Which of the following is correct?

Rising CO2 levels increase the acidity of the ocean.

What is the purpose of chi-squared testing?

To determine if two sets of data are significantly different

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Topic 4: Ecology

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IB Biology HL Topic 4: Ecology

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Questions 39

Answers

1
What happens to methane after approximately 10 years?
Nothing - it stays there forever
Oxidised by the atmosphere to produce carbon dioxide & water
Used by eukaryotic cells and converted to CO2 & H2O
It sits in a constant state of equilibruim: CH4 <-> CH2 + H2
2
Which of the following is on the second trophic level?
Producer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Primary consumer
3
Sun emits __ radiation, much of which __ absorbed by greenhouse gases.
short wave, is
long wave, is
long wave, is not
short wave, is not
4
Which of the following is a community?
Rabbits, trees, deer, & bugs in a forest
Rabbits, trees, rocks, deer, & bugs in a forest
One rabbit in a forest
Rabbits in a forest
5
What is the main cause of the rapidly increasing levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere?
Deforestation
Increased worldwide primary production
Combustion of stored carbon (fossil fuels and wood)
Increases in farming/agriculture
6
What are some impacts of human induced climate change?
All of these
Ocean acidification
Melting of glaciers
Increase in temperature
7
Which levels of ecology is the biggest? (most general)
Community
Population
Ecosystem
Organism
8
What characteristics describe a detritivore's digestion?
Internal digestion of live/only recently dead organic matter
External digestion of dead matter
No digestion - produces own energy
Internal digestion of dead matter
9
How do saprotrophs help the ecosystem?
Produce dead organic matter for detritivores
digest dead organic matter in order to recycle nutrients
Recycle energy
ingest dead organic matter in order to recycle nutrient
10
What trophic level is the grass?
Detritivore
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Producer
11
What on this food web would a saprotroph consume?
Producers and Consumers
Grass (producers)
Nothing
Hawk, Snake, Lizard (consumers)
12
Lions and tigers can produce offspring together, but are still different species. The offspring are called:
a new species
all of the above
Hybrids
mutants
13
Why are there usually no more than 3 or 4 trophic levels?
Droughts and floods
loss of chemical energy between trophic levels
Loss of heat energy between trophic levels
Competition for territory
14
What makes an ecosystem sustainable?
Nutrient availability
All of the above
Energy availability
Detoxification of waste products
15
Which form of energy is not able to be utilized by living things?
Light
Heat
Chemical
16
What is photosynthesis?
A way for organisms to use sunlight to produce chemical energy
A way for plants to use sunlight to produce carbon dioxide
A way for animals to convert light into usable energy
A chemical reaction that occurs in plant roots
17
How do saprotrophs digest dead matter?
Secrete digestive enzymes then absorb products
Act as a parasite and use another organism's nutrients
Internally in a digestive system
They don't
18
Where is methane produced?
Digestive tracts of some animals (cows, sheep)
Marine sediments (in the mud of lake beds)
All of the above
Wetlands (swamps, marshes)
19
Where is calcium stored in aquatic environments?
Micro-organisms
Water
Limestone and shells
Cacluim carbohydroxl depositions found in porous rocks
20
What started the human induced increase in CO₂ levels?
Industrial relolution
Population increase
Agricultural revolution
World War One
21
Which level contains abiotic features?
Ecosystem
Community
Organism
Population
22
What trophic level is the hawk?
3rd consumer
2nd consumer
Producer
2nd and 3rd consumer
23
What causes fossils to form?
Heat and pressure
Lack of water
Time
Over supply of carbon and/or acid deposition
24
What trophic level is the lizard?
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Producer
Tertiary consumer
25
Which 2 greenhouse gasses most significantly affect the greenhouse effect?
CO2 and nitrogen oxide
methane and CO2
CO2 and water vapor
methane and water vapor
26
Producers make 1,000 kJ of energy. How much is passed on to the secondary consumer?
100 kJ
1,000 kJ
10 kJ
1 kJ
27
What do greenhouse gasses do?
Trap the sun's heat energy
Reacts with the ozone layer and depleats O3 stores
Absorbs short wavelengths of sun's light
Repel the sun's heat energy
28
What conditions are ideal for methanogenesis?
anaerobic, wet
anaerobic, dry
aerobic, wet
aerobic, dry
29
"Carbon fixation" occurs in which step of the carbon cycle pictured?
Combustion
Decomposition
Respiration
Photosynthesis
30
What creates methane?
Methanogens
Cows
Digestive bacteria
Plants
31
Which of the following forms in an aquatic environment?
Peat
Coal
Ukraniam
Oil
32
What are the main sources of CO₂ on earth?
photosynthesis and combustion
cellular respiration by producers and combustion
cellular respiration by consumers and combustion
photosynthesis and respiration
33
In a food chain, the arrow points to the_____.
Consumer
The movement of the animal
Only to the top predator
Prey
34
What causes the CO₂ peaks in the graph below?
Winter (lack of plants)
Summer (lots of plants)
Daylight (sun the plants)
Night (no sun for plants)
35
How is energy lost in a food chain?
Uneaten material (bones, fur)
All of these
Food not absorbed (feces)
Heat loss
36
What is a mesocosm?
Jar/tank with organisms in it
Open system to act as an experimental area
An experiment we need to know for our IB biology exam?
Closed system which recyles energy and nutrients
37
Which of the following is correct?
Rising CO2 levels decrease the acidity of the ocean.
Rising CO2 levels increase the acidity of the ocean.
Damage to ocean ecosystems will have very little impact
Rising CO2 levels has no affect on ocean ecosystems
38
What is the purpose of chi-squared testing?
To determine if two sets of data are significantly different
To deterine the average number of organisms in a quadrat
To make the IB bio exam harder by incorporating more math
To determine the standard deviation between two sets of data
39
What is the usual units used in an energy pyramid?
kJ m-2 year-1
J km-2 month-1
J year-1
J m-2 year-1

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