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Biology Final
Biology Final
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Biology B final exam practice sheet
Flashcards
75 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food pyramid
food chain
energy path
trophic level
2
What happens during the process of translation?
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
3
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
detrivore
omnivore
herbivore
carnivore
4
Which of the following might be used to decrease the rate of approach to carrying capacity by the developed world?
decrease death rate
decrease emigration
decrease recource use
increaste birthrate
5
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
adenine
uracil
phosphate groups
thymine
6
Flowering plant has seeds carried by the wind. Find the most likely dispersion pattern of the plants grown by the seeds
clumped groups
random
spatial
uniform
7
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
tundra
temperate forest
tropical dry forest
desert
8
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?
parisitism
earthquake
disease
emigration
9
As resources in a population become less available, population growth
enters a phase of exponential growth.
increases slowly.
reaches carrying capacity.
declines rapidly
10
Two heterozygous for normal skin color (Aa) produce an albino offspring (aa). Which of Mendel’s principles explains this
segregation only
dominance only
independent assortment only
dominance and segregation
11
If a nutrient is in such short supply in an ecosystem that it affects an animal’s growth, the
substance is a limiting nutrient.
ecosystem will not survive
animal becomes a decomposer.
nutrient leaves the food chain
12
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?
AUG codes for methionine and is the “start” codon for protein synthesis
Some codons do not specify an amino acid.
Some codons have the same sequence of nucleotides.
There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids.
13
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
14
Variation in human skin color is a result of
polygenic traits
multiple alleles
incomplete dominance
codominance
15
During a long period with no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave it normal spot for farm-pond water
the change in an abiotic factor in its environment.
its need to find a new habitat
the change in a biotic factor in its environment.
its need to find different foods to eat.
16
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same tim
unless the species require different abiotic factors
because of the competitive exclusion principle.
unless the species require different biotic factors
because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.
17
What principle states during gamete formation genes 4 diff traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?
principle of dominance
principle of independent assortment
principle of probabilities
principle of segregation
18
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
trophic mass
energy mass
organic mass
biomass
19
Applicants for the third job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Executive Position," could qualify if they were ____.
rRNA
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
20
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
flowering
the inheritance of traits
cross-pollination
gamete formation
21
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
dominant
homozyogus
heterozyogus
hybrid
22
The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the
less likely they are to be inherited together.
more likely they are to be linked.
less likely they are to be separated by a crossover during meiosis.
less likely they are to assort independently
23
An organism's niche is
a full description of the place an organism lives.
all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment.
the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.
How the organism uses the physical and biological conditions it lives in.
24
What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary modifies the environment and secondary does not.
Secondary begins with lichens and primary begins with trees.
Primary is slow and secondary is rapid.
Secondary begins on soil and primary begins on newly exposed surfaces.
25
A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate
all of the offspring will be tall.
the offspring will be of medium height
some of the offspring will be tall, and some will be short.
all of the offspring will be short.
26
Which density-dependent factors other than the predator/prey relationship affected populations of moose and wolves on IR
a hurricane followed by drought for both moose and wolves
parasitic wasps for the wolves and clear-cut forest for the moose
extreme temperatures for the moose and flooding for the wolves
food availability for the moose and disease for the wolf
27
In which part of the cell does this process shown in Figure 12-2 take place?
in the nucleus
at the ribosomes
in food vacuoles
on the chromosome
28
The process illustrated in Figure 12-2 is called ____.
replication
monoploidy
translation
trasncription
29
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Communities make up species, which make up populations
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
Populations make up species, which make up communities.
Species make up communities, which make up populations
30
Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
not inherited by offspring
inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring
determined by dominant factors only.
determined by recessive factors only
31
In which situation are the phenotypes of F2 offspring expected to follow the ratio of 9:3:3:1
a dihybrid cross for 2 unlinked traits
a dihybrid cross for 2 closely linked traits
a monohybrid cross for 2 closely linked traits
a monohybrid cross for 2 unlinked traits
32
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
carbohydrates
water
sunlight
carbon
33
Which will reduce competition within a species’ population?
higher birthrate
higher population density
fewer indivisuals
Fewer resources
34
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
economy
recycling
modeling
ecology
35
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
rainfall
soil type
plant life
temperature
36
Gametes are produced by the process of
meiosis
crossing-over
mitosis
replication
37
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.
energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat
nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles
energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available
38
In the P generation, a tall plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F2 plant will be tall is
25
75
50
100
39
Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants in a desert is
the carrying capacity
none of the above
a limiting factor
a competition factor
40
Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT
disease
competition
crowding
predation
41
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
each with one new strand and one original strand
each with two original strands.
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
each with two new strands.
42
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
all of the above
in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide
underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rock
in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
43
Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called
multiple genes.
incomplete dominance.
multiple alleles.
polygenic inheritance.
44
The greenhouse effect is
An unnatural way for heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.
a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range
the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
45
Applicants for the fourth job of the Help Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Supervisor," could qualify if they were ____.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
46
10 percent of energy stored in an organism is passed to the next trophic level. Remaining energy is used as
stored as fat
stored as body tissue
eliminated as heat
used in reproduction
47
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
3
12
9
6
48
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
humans.
consumers.
plants.
bacteria
49
Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
long-term fluctuations in climate
different animals appearing at each stage
colonization of surfaces by lichens
another natural disturbance
50
A symbiosis in which both species benefit is
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
predation
51
The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
precipitation
evaporation
the water cycyle
the condensation cycyle
52
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
AGCTTG.
GATCCA.
GAUCCA.
TCGAAC.
53
What is an ecological model of the network of relationships that flows from producers to consumers
a population
food web
an ecosystem
food chain
54
A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
specific geographical location.
distance from the equator.
Characteristics ecological community
average precipitation and temperature
55
Density, distribution, and growth rate are characteristics used to classify which one of the following?
limiting factor
populations
biomes
age structure
56
A cross of a red cow (RR) with a white bull (WW) produces all roan offspring (RRWW) This type of inheritance is known as
polygenic inheritance.
incomplete dominance.
multiple alleles.
codominance
57
What happens between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes?
Replication occurs twice.
Metaphase occurs.
Crossing-over occurs.
Replication does not occur.
58
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
first-level consumer.
second-level producer.
third-level consumer.
first-level producer.
59
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
cytosine in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
purines in DNA is much greater than the percentage of pyrimidines.
pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines.
adenine in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
60
Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing-water ecosystem?
Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem
Water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem, but not in a wetland.
Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standing-water ecosystems are not
Wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh.
61
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
messenger RNA only
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
transfer RNA only
62
F pig homozygous dominant for black is mated with a M homozygous white. In a litter of eight offspring, there would be
8 white guinea pigs
4 black and 4 white guinea pigs
8 black guinea pigs
2 black, 4 gray, and 2 white guinea pigs
63
Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation?
tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
tundra and desert
boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
64
Why does Earth have three main climate zones?
Warm air rises at equator and cold air sinks at poles -unequal distribution
Physical interference with global heat distribution cause by landmasses
The Earth rotates and affects the major ocean currents.
The differences in latitude and, thus, the angle of heating from the sun
65
Which animal stays in cold to moderate winters, warm summers, fertile soils, and lots of vegetation
polar bear
iguana
white tailled deer
moose
66
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
two genetically identical cells
four genetically identical cells.
two genetically different cells.
four genetically different cells.
67
The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
climax community.
climate change
population growth.
ecological succession.
68
Structure III in Figure 12-2 represents a(n) ____.
amino acid
DNA molecule
gene
codon
69
During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
that is identical to part of a single strand of DNA.
that is complementary to both strands of DNA
that is double-stranded.
inside the nucleus
70
Linked genes
are on the same chromsome
are alwyas recessive
assort independently
are never recessive
71
A heter. for round, yellow (RrYy) is crossed with a homo. for round but heter. for yellow (RRYy), different phenotypes
4
16
2
8
72
A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
point mutation.
chromosomal mutation.
translocation.
inversion
73
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
anticodon on the mRNA only.
codon on the mRNA only.
anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only.
codon on mRNA and the anticodon on tRNA where the amino acid is attached.
74
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
decomposition of plants and animals.
burning of fossil fuels.
photosynthesis
transpiration
75
All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT
biomes and ecosystems.
transport of heat.
shape and elevation of land mass.
latitude.
