21st century literature reviewer

a text deals with examining the information presented to support the author’s argument(s).

a gross exaggeration to achieve an effect, usually for humor or emphasis

Some writers may NOT follow grammatical rules, and this kind of deviation may be used in your analysis.

you consider the historical, cultural, or biographical context of the text.

The characteristics of the language in which the text was written may NOT help in analyzing the text. 

SOUND DEVICES: is the repetition of similar sounds at the beginning of closely spaced words.

used when a part of something is used to represent the whole or vice versa.

divides a concept, idea, story, or plot into two equal and contradictory parts; or between two opposing groups.

What a text says is the ____

What a text does is the

there may be underlying structures that may have different interpretations based on how the words or phrases were used

is the use of jarring sounds, meant to convey disorder.

is a scene or a passage that interrupts the present action of a plot to introduce a past event.

a word or phrase that is substituted for another that is closely associated to it

an assertion that seems to be contradictory or silly but actually reveals some truth

Literary elements in prose: a sequence of events that make up the story, told in either a chronological or non order.

A book does not necessarily have to belong to one specific genre; it can belong to different genres

Two main elements of romance:

is a narrative in which the characters and their actions, and sometimes the setting, are contrived by the author

Strategies for reading a text through the linguistic context, EXCEPT?

compares two seemingly unlike objects that have similar or common characteristics without the use of like or as

central idea of the story, and to an extent, the purpose for it's utterance

Literature shows class struggle and materialism. Thus, it looks into the social classes portrayed in the work.

Biographical strategy is about research on what the author's NOT believes and also what he or she DOES.

is the use of sound devices meant to create a pleasant experience to the ear.

is a technique wherein two or more ideas, characters, and their actions are placed side by side to develop comparison.

the plot, setting, and theme showcase magic, characters may include mythological/neomythological beings.

He, She, They

Reasons to read literature through the sociocultural context (Gioia and Kennedy 2007):

Which is NOT a guide questions for reading through sociocultural context:

• focuses more on emotions ● evokes the readers’ feelings ● focuses on entertaining the reader

When reading a text or writing a critique through the sociocultural context:

Type of point of view: I, Me,My, We, Our

focuses on action and adventure as its main themes. (man vs. nature)

means drawing meaning from what you have read and presenting it in writing or talking about it

triggers the reader’s fear and has an atmosphere of dread throughout the story author

a combination of two ideas that appear to be opposite or contradictory

Reading Literature through a Biographical Context, which of them are included?

relays the texts being examined to a larger structure.

examines the role of the women in the literature.

a statement wherein an animal, object, or abstract idea is given human attributes or characteristics

is the repetition of identical (or similar) sounds in two or more words, most often at the end of lines in a poem.

You may consult literary approaches that focus on language. Structuralism, poststructuralism, and formalism

You should NOT assume that all works are confessional, biographical, or even “true to life.”

problem of challenged faced by the character in the story

specifically written for readers twelve to seventeen years old.

It is a body of work, either written, oral, or visual, containing imaginative language that realistically portray

is the use of words that mimic the natural sound of what is being described.

looks into the changes in the attitude of the post colonies after the colonial period

focuses on romantic love, most are told in the point of view of the female protagonist

is the repetition of words or phrases to form rhythm or to emphasize an idea.

Comes from the Latin word “Litera” which literally means

refers how the author describe the character, either directly or indirectly through action

involves science and technology as the basis of its elements, most take place in the future

Look at the author’s other works and analyze if there is a pattern that is indicated his/her life and beliefs.

What a text means is the

the secondary or suggestive meaning of the word, one that is not its literal or primary meaning in the dictionary

is a perspective dealing with the history that influenced the writing of literature.

use of clues or indication suggesting at a future event in a story.

is the repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the end of words.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:compares two seemingly unlike objects by using the words like or as

is a school of literary criticism and literary theory that focuses on the structure of a particular text.

you identify the basic structure of the text and make connections between those ideas.

refers to the creation of mood or feeling by the use of description and setting

involves highlighting or making notes of important ideas in the text.

is the repetition of vowel sounds that form internal rhymes in a line.

a comparison that presents the similarities between two concepts or ideas.

text allows you to present your understanding of the text by reviewing and synthesizing important ideas

Modes of Analysis

is the time and place where the story is set.

When Romeo saw Juliet on the terrace above him, he though she look as beautiful as the sun

involves mysteries/crimes that remain unsolved until conclusion

Three main goals of critical reading (Kurland, 2000), EXCEPT

requires a repeated examination of the text to enable you to improve your comprehension of the text

Reasons to read literature through the biographical context (Gioia and Kennedy 2007):

Analyze how the author’s belief systemis reflected in his or her work

Before you begin reading the text, preview it by gathering important information about it.

set in a significant or a recognizable point in history and some characters may be historical figures

is concerned with the queer or the third gender (LGBT).

Who is the author of the poem "DREAMS"

a word, a phrase, a sentence, or a whole text that used to be perceived as clever but has become démodé

perspective or vantage point of the speaker or the narrator

Reasons to read literature through the linguistic context

help form visual images and highlight the mood and tone of a text.

OTHER LITERARY TECHNIQUES:is a passing reference, without explicit identification, to a literary or historical

it focuses not only on the history when the literary text was written, but also how the history happened.

used to substitute for a description that is considered harsh or blunt.