A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is best exemplified by:

An online banking ATM performing deposits and withdrawals

Agile implementation is characterized by:

iterative sprints with regular demos to stakeholders.

Maintenance phase documentation includes:

Patch releases, issue logs, and change records

A hybrid methodology suits projects needing:

Balance of technical rigor and human considerations

The Spiral model’s hallmark is:

Iterative risk assessments and prototypes per cycle

Agile planning activities include:

Building product backlog and user stories

Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method

Hard vs. soft approaches differ by:

Emphasis on technical specifications vs. human factors

RAD improves on Waterfall by:

embeds rapid prototyping and frequent user feedback loops to address

Analysis phase outputs include:

Requirements specification and process models

The deliverable from the Planning stage is typically:

Feasibility study with cost‑benefit analysis

SSM (Soft Systems Methodology) employs:

Rich pictures to capture multiple perspectives

ETHICS methodology prioritizes:

Socio‑technical system design with user involvement

JSD (Jackson System Development) focuses on:

real-world event sequencing and data streams

The primary difference between B2B and B2C e-commerce is:

B2B involves business-to-business B2C involves business-to-customor

BPMN complements SDLC by:

graphically modeling process workflows, adding clarity

Information Technology (IT) primarily refers to:

The use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve

Design phase artifacts consist of:

UML diagrams, data schemas, and interface prototypes

Enterprise Computing typically involves:

integration of core business functions across an organization

Management Information Systems (MIS) support organizational decision-making by:

Providing structured reports and summaries to managers

Waterfall SDLC first step for an attendance system:

Gathering requirements and feasibility analysis

Development phase yields:

integrated code modules along with unit tests.

Which is the correct order of SDLC phases?

Planning → Analysis → Design → Development → Maintenance

Customers, Actors, Transformation, Worldview, Owner, Environment

MULTIVIEW is best described as:

Hybrid framework integrating technical and human views

A key limitation of Waterfall is:

Inflexibility to evolving requirements post‑design

UML «include» relationship indicates:

Mandatory inclusion of one use case within another

Waterfall risk with changing requirements:

difficulty of integrating late-stage modifications.

JSD’s primary benefit is:

Mapping real‑world behaviors to processes

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Questions 39

Answers

1
A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is best exemplified by:
A file storage service
A word processing application
An online banking ATM performing deposits and withdrawals
A social media platform
2
Agile implementation is characterized by:
Deferred stakeholder review
iterative sprints with regular demos to stakeholders.
Fixed requirements freeze
Single-phase coding
3
Maintenance phase documentation includes:
Patch releases, issue logs, and change records
Business impact analysis
Initial requirement traceability
Requirements backlog
4
A hybrid methodology suits projects needing:
Unlimited budget
Purely technical solutions
Balance of technical rigor and human considerations
NO user input
5
The Spiral model’s hallmark is:
Strict sequential phase gates
Iterative risk assessments and prototypes per cycle
Single-pass validation only
No stakeholder feedback
6
Agile planning activities include:
Building product backlog and user stories
Skipping requirement workshops
Finalizing unchangeable scope
Immediate coding sprints
7
Best fit for GreenMart real‑time inventory:
Agile
RAD
Custom scripts
Waterfall
8
Which of the following is NOT one of the five key components of an information system?
Procedures
Hardware
Marketing
Software
9
SSADM stands for:
Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method
None of the above
Standard Systems Agile Delivery Model
Systematic Secure Application Development Method
10
UML Use Case Diagram actors are depicted by:
Circles
Rectangles
Diamonds
Stick figures
11
Hard vs. soft approaches differ by:
Coding language requirements
Project budget constraints
Timeline durations
Emphasis on technical specifications vs. human factors
12
RAD improves on Waterfall by:
embeds rapid prototyping and frequent user feedback loops to address
Forcing linear phase completion
Deferring all testing to the end
Eliminating analysis deliverables
13
Analysis phase outputs include:
Release notes
Training manuals
Deployment scripts
Requirements specification and process models
14
The deliverable from the Planning stage is typically:
Detailed UI mockups
Feasibility study with cost‑benefit analysis
Regression test suite
Production codebase
15
SSM (Soft Systems Methodology) employs:
Gantt scheduling
Data flow diagrams
Rich pictures to capture multiple perspectives
Use case narratives
16
ETHICS methodology prioritizes:
Outsourcing design tasks
Rapid scripting without specs
Purely technical optimization
Socio‑technical system design with user involvement
17
Ideal model for secure tax‑filing with fixed specs:
RAD
Agile Scrum
Waterfall
Prototyping
18
JSD (Jackson System Development) focuses on:
real-world event sequencing and data streams
Hardware design
Financial modeling only
GUI prototyping exclusively
19
Waterfall strength in stable environments:
No client involvement
High documentation clarity
Minimal upfront planning
Rapid feature delivery
20
The primary difference between B2B and B2C e-commerce is:
B2B involves business-to-business B2C involves business-to-customor
B2B uses only offline channels; B2C uses only online channels
B2B is free; B2C is paid
B2B targets consumers; B2C targets businesses
21
BPMN complements SDLC by:
Defining programming syntax
graphically modeling process workflows, adding clarity
Generating reports
Automating design tasks
22
Information Technology (IT) primarily refers to:
The physical components of a computer only
Business processes without technology involvement
Manual record-keeping systems
The use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve
23
Design phase artifacts consist of:
Budget forecasts
UML diagrams, data schemas, and interface prototypes
Project closure reports
Code documentation only
24
Enterprise Computing typically involves:
Standalone mobile apps
Individual desktop applications
Simple calculators
integration of core business functions across an organization
25
Management Information Systems (MIS) support organizational decision-making by:
Only storing archival data
Replacing all human judgment
Generating raw, unprocessed data
Providing structured reports and summaries to managers
26
Waterfall weakness when specs evolve:
Unlimited prototyping
Continuous integration overhead
Automated regression testing only
Rigid change control
27
Waterfall SDLC first step for an attendance system:
Gathering requirements and feasibility analysis
Coding modules
Maintenance planning
System deployment
28
A core UML benefit is:
Eliminates need for testing
Automated code generation
Standardized visual models
Reduces documentation
29
In an ERD, an entity appears as a:
Oval
Rectangle
Arrow
Diamond
30
A significant drawback of SSADM is:
Automated code generation bias
High documentation overhead
Lack of process models
No stakeholder engagement
31
Development phase yields:
Feasibility updates
Technical feasibility report
integrated code modules along with unit tests.
High-level project charter
32
Which is the correct order of SDLC phases?
Planning → Design → Analysis → Maintenance → Development
Planning → Analysis → Design → Development → Maintenance
Requirements → Design → Development → Verification → Support
Analysis → Planning → Design → Testing → Deployment
33
CATWOE stands for:
Constraints, Actors, Trends, Workflows, Events
Customers, Actors, Transformation, Worldview, Owner, Environment
Controls, Activities, Tools, Workflow, Entities
Costs, Assets, Timing, Workflow, Outputs, Errors
34
MULTIVIEW is best described as:
Hybrid framework integrating technical and human views
Prototype‑only strategy
Waterfall variant
Strictly technical phased model
35
A key limitation of Waterfall is:
Multiple iterative cycles by default
Inflexibility to evolving requirements post‑design
Automated testing emphasis
Excessive user involvement early on
36
UML «include» relationship indicates:
No interaction
Actor inheritance
Optional extension behavior
Mandatory inclusion of one use case within another
37
Waterfall risk with changing requirements:
Excessive stakeholder feedback
difficulty of integrating late-stage modifications.
Ease of late changes
Continuous delivery
38
In DFDs, a process is shown as:
Rectangle
Double line
Circle or rounded rectangle
Arrow
39
JSD’s primary benefit is:
Zero upfront design
Mapping real‑world behaviors to processes
Minimal documentation
Seamless code deployment

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