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Unit 2 Mitosis/Meiosis/Cell Cycle/Transcription/Translation Review Quiz Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 2 Mitosis/Meiosis/Cell Cycle/Transcription/Translation Review Quiz
Unit 2 Mitosis/Meiosis/Cell Cycle/Transcription/Translation Review Quiz
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#Mr.O'sBioClass#Unit2Review
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1
All the DNA in a cell or organism is called its
protein instructions
genome
gene
TATA box
2
What is DNA and RNA made of?
nucleotides
amino acids
fatty acid chains
simple sugars
3
Why are the nitrogenous bases the most important part of the DNA nucleotide?
has the information to build mitochondria
the sequence of nitrogen bases is used to build proteins
has the information to build the cell membrane
has the information to build chloroplasts
4
PMAT II in meoisis is essentially the same as mitosis.
True
True but only in the animal kingdom
False
True but only in the archea/bacteria kingdoms
5
The random alignment of homologous chromosomes pairs provides
an opportunity for a Down's Syndrome child to be born
great genetic variability of gamates
doubles the chance for a lethal mutation
64 trillion different possibilities of human babies
6
Why is it bad for a cell to be missing any part of a chromosome?
the cell can't do mitosis properly
the missing part has the instructions to make proteins
it is impossible to make a protein correctly w/o its gene
the cell has less genetic variablility
7
What is a homologous pair of chromosomes?
an x chromosome and a y chromosome
two chromosomes that have different genes
two chromosomes that have the same genes in the same place
two chromos that have the same genes but in different places
8
What happens during G1?
chromosomes are copied
cell splits itself in half to make 2 new daughter cells
cell does its normal functions and returns to normal size
mitochondria and chloroplasts do their own mitosis
9
How is anaphase 1 in meiosis different than anaphase in mitosis?
sister chromatids don't separate in anaphase I
chromosome condense in anaphase
haploid cells are made instead of diploid cells
chromosomes unwind in anaphase 1
10
Why part of the DNA nucleotide is most important?
phospholipids
deoxyribose
phosphate group
nitrogenous bases
11
What causes trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome)?
a egg with two copies of Chr-21 is fertilized by a sperm
Sister chromatids of Chr-21 not splitting apart in anaphase2
A very young mother
a mutation at the top of chromosome 21
12
"If some is good, more is better." Is this statement true with regards to plant chromosomes?
No
Yes, polyploidy makes fruit bigger.
Only in seaweed and asparagus
Never, just like animals
13
Which of the following statements is true?
Mitosis have 2 cytokinesises and meiosis have 1 cytokinesis.
All of your growth since conception is due to meiosis.
Mitosis make 4 cells and meiosis make 2 cells.
Mitosis makes identical cells and meiosis makes gametes.
14
Why do cells check to make sure that the S phase was completed without an error?
so the cell doesn't run out of energy (ATP)
so the cell membrane is less selectively permeable
so that chloroplast can absorb energy from sunlight
so mistakes will not be passed on to both daughter cells
15
What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
C, G, A, T
U, C, A, G
A, T, C, B
C, A, T, S
16
What important process happens in P1?
sister chromatids separate
haploid sex cells are made
random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs
tetrads form during synapsis
17
When two gametes fuse to make a new individual is called
cloning
asexual reproduction
parthenogenesis
sexual reproduction
18
What is a codon?
a 3 nitrogen base sequence that codes for an amino acid
a 5 nitrogen base sequence that codes for an amino acid
the part of mitochondria that make ATP
the part of the tRNA that matches the mRNA exactly
19
What happens during G2?
chloroplasts and mitochondria do their own mitosis
chromosomes are copied
chloroplasts and microtubules do their own mitosis
mitochondria and centromeres do their own mitosis
20
How many stands does RNA polymerase attach to when it lands at the start of a gene?
four
one
two
three
21
What happens in C in the cell cycle?
copying of chromosomes
copying of DNA
centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
cell splits into 2 daughter cells
22
What are the base pairing rules with DNA?
There are no base pairing rules, it's random.
A with U, C with G
C with A, T with G
G with C, T with A
23
Making two identical daughter cells is the purpose is
binary fission
parthenogenesis
meiosis
mitosis
24
Why is DNA so important to the cell?
it has the instructions to link amino acids into proteins
it has the instructions to build the cell membrane
it has the instructions to make glucose in chloroplasts
it has the instructions to make ATP in mitochondria
25
What does C stand for in the cell cycle?
cytokinesis
chiasma
chromosome
centriole
26
What does anti-parallel mean in DNA?
The two DNA strands run in the opposite direction.
The two DNA strands run in the same direction.
The DNA strands are exactly the same
The DNA strands run at right angles to each other.
27
In animals all diploid cells
have 2 copies of each kind of chromosome
are called germ cells
make up every cell except for gametes.
have one copy of each kind of chromosome.
28
What will be the amino acid sequence if the DNA template strand is TACCGATGCATC
met-ala-ser
met-ala-ser-tyr
ala-ser-his-
met-ser-ala-tyr
29
How do the instructions to make proteins leave the DNA and make its way to the ribosomes?
rRNA takes
tRNA takes it
the DNA leaves the nucleus on its way to the ribosomes
mRNA takes it
30
Why are transcription factors used to regulate the binding of RNA polymerase to a gene?
it speeds up the RNA polymerase
it slows down the RNA polymerase
to ensure the cell only makes proteins when it needs it
to prevent mutations
31
What will the the cell do when it notices an incorrect nitrogenous base?
hope that the mutation will not be harmful
nothing, it can't correct the mistake
wait for a pair of wings to form
will try to replace the wrong nucleotide with the right one
32
What is the nitrogen base sequence of a DNA strand if the template strand is CGATAGC
GCTATCG
GCUAUCG
CGATAGC
YOLOLOL
33
When mRNA is being synthesized, what links the RNA nucleotides together?
phospholipids
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
amino acids
34
What is the purpose of chromosome coiling?
To ensure each daughter cells gets an exact copy of the DNA
to make proteins
to ensure the cell membrane is selectively permeable
to protect the DNA from damage
35
Making four non-identical gametes is the purpose of
meiosis
binary fission
parthenogenesis
mitosis
36
Why does A always go across from T in DNA?
because A and T repel each other
1 hydrogen bond lines up across from each other
2 hydrogen bonds line up across from each other
4 hydrogen bonds line up across from each other
37
What is one benefit of RNA splicing?
increases the number of different protein combinations made
less genetic diversity
makes prokaryotic cells more complex than eukaryotic cells
science has no earthly idea
38
Somatic cells are all cells except gametes in an organism.
True
False
39
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts do their own mitosis?
to speed up the cell cycle
this is how they reproduced when they were their own cells
the endosymbiotic theory explains it
to slow the cell cycle down
40
What happens to the mRNA before it reaches the ribosomes?
it is diced
it is stripped
it is snipped
it is spliced
41
A section of DNA that has the instructions to build a protein is called a
gene
transcription unit
TATA box
genome
42
What is the correct order of the steps of mitosis?
P, M, A, T
T, A, M, P
P, M, T, A
M, A, T, P
43
When is DNA in the form of a chromosome?
only when making mRNA
all the time
during mitosis only
only in interphase
44
What ensures that the correct amino acid is being added to the amino acid chain?
doesn't matter, hopefully a few of the proteins will work
the codon and anti-codon have complementary bases (letters)
the codon and the anti-codon have the same bases (letters)
the cell destroys all the wrongly built amino acid chains
45
What the functionof tRNA in translation?
to prevent the mRNA from attacking the DNA for control
to bring the correct amino acids to the ribosomes
to bring the genetic code from the DNA
to bring random amino acids to the ribosomes
46
What are the correct of order of the steps in meiosis?
P1, M1, T1, A1, P2, M2, A2, T2
P1, M1, A1, T1, M2, A2, T2, P2
T1, A1, M1, P1, T2, A2, M2, T2
P1, M1, A1, T1, P2, M2, A2, T2
47
If cell cycle is reduced to 1/3 of original time, how many cells are made during original time?
twice as many
1/3 as many
three times as many
same amount
48
What is the name of the sugar in DNA?
deanimose
dextrose
dextrin
deoxyribose
49
How is the shape of a sickle-cell red blood cells different from its normal shape?
it looks like the RBC's on the right of the image
it looks like a star
it looks like the RBC on the left of the image
it looks like a box
50
What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
G, S, M, C
C, A, T, G
U, A, G, C
M, C, A, T
51
What is RNA polymerase doing as it moves along the template strand of DNA?
adding together RNA nucleotides to make mRNA
adding together RNA nucleotides to make rRNA
adding together RNA nucleotides to make tRNA
checking for mistakes in the DNA base sequence
52
How does a cell know that a mistake has been made when A is across from G?
the cell will die immediately
the DNA molecule is no longer the correct 3-D shape
Mitosis will fail so then the cell knows
DNA repair enzymes detect that DNA's helix shape is wrong
53
What are exons?
regions of mRNA that code for amino acids to make proteins
excised portions of mRNA during splicing
what splicesosome cut out of the mRNA
what "snurps" cut out of mRNA
54
If the cell cycle is over-stimulated by growth hormones like estrogen, a possible outcome is
being sleepy all the time
extra fingers
cancer
migraine headaches
55
What does rRNA stand for?
regulatory RNA
ribosomal RNA
radioactive RNA
round RNA
56
What is the purpose of transcription?
make DNA
make mRNA
make rRNA
make tRNA
57
What is a germ cell?
A cell that is haploid
A cell that undergoes meiosis
A cell that undergoes mitosis.
A cell that makes you sick.
58
What does S stand for in the cell cycle?
synthesis of DNA
sytoekinesis
synthesis of proteins
synthesis of RNA
59
How many different spelling are there in the genetic code?
128
20
32
64
60
What DNA nitrogen base was named after bat poop?
cytosine
thymine
adenine
guanine
61
Why does chemotherapy make cancer patients lose their hair and makes them nauseated frequently?
Chemo tastes bad so it makes patients throw up a lot.
all of these
Chemo reduces the amount of meiosis cells can do.
Chemo reduces the amount of mitosis cells can do.
62
What the benefit of having diploid somatic cells?
Diploid cells are smarter than haploid cells.
More DNA is always better.
Diploid reproduce faster than haploid cells.
Each cell has a back-up copy of DNA.
63
What happens during the M phase of the cell cycle?
nucleus is duplicated
cell splits
microtubules migrate to poles of the cell
chromosomes condense
64
What is the correct order of steps in the cell cycle?
S, G1, G2, C, M
G1, G2, M, S, C
M, C, G2, S, G1
G1, S, G2, M, C
65
Why does C and G go across from each other in DNA?
forms 3 hydrogen bonds
forms 1 hydrogen bond
repel each other
forms 2 hydrogen bonds
66
It will be a good idea to review this Quiz more than once before you take your exam.
True
Nah, I was in the top ten, I'm good!
False
Only if I can get my math homework done.
67
Which type of reproduction is the best in a
very stable environment
?
asexual
sexual
binary fission
fusion
68
What are the two steps of the Central Dogma in the correct order?
RNA splicing, transcription
translation, RNA splicing
translation, transcription
transcription, translation
69
What are the building blocks of proteins?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
amino acids
70
What happens during prophase?
Sister chromatids are split apart.
Chromosomes condense and nuclear membrane disappears.
Cells split apart.
Crossing over occurs.
71
Why is the correct amino acid sequence so important for a protein?
all of these
incorrect shapes can cause diseases or death
incorrect AA sequence --> wrong shape--> protein no work
a wrong amino acid will make the protein work too well
72
How do chromosome form?
RNA forces DNA into an X shape
The magnetism of the centromere creates the X shape.
DNA wraps twice around each histone protein then supercoils.
X is the natural shape of DNA.
73
What disease is caused by a single nitrogen base error (mutation)?
heart disease
sickle-cell anemia
Down's syndrome
sickle-cell bulimia
74
What does G2 stand for in the cell cycle?
growth 2.1
gap 2
gap I
growth 2
75
What does mRNA stand for?
molecular RNA
messenger RNA
mitochondrial RNA
microscopic RNA
76
What is a mistake in the nitrogenous base sequence in DNA called?
a mutation
a malconflagration
a mutalation
a misinterpretation
77
What happens during metaphase?
the chromosomes condense
random alignment of homologous chromosomes pairs
crossing over occurs
chromosomes line up in a straight line along metaphase plate
78
Where are amino acids linked together in the cell to make proteins?
mitochondria
ribosomes
nucleus
cholorplasts
79
What is crossing over?
random alignment of homologous chromosomes
when sister chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase II
when a Jedi Knight embraces the Dark Side of the Force
when parts of homologous chromosomes swap places
80
Diploid cells are
n
d
2d
2n
81
What does M stand for in the cell cycle?
midichlorians
microtubules
mitosis
mitochondria
82
What does tRNA stand for?
telophase RNA
template RNA
transfer RNA
tiny RNA
83
A sex cell is called a
gamete
germ cell
embryo
zygote
84
Why are most mutation harmful to cells/organisms?
prevents the cell membrane from forming correctly
prevents the correct order of amino acids to make proteins
prevents chloroplasts from making glucose by photosynthesis
prevents the mitochondria from making ATP
85
What will I bring to the Biology exam?
a sharpened No. 2 pencil with an eraser
my phone to take the exam on
a sharpened No. 2 pencil
a sharpened No. 2 pencil
86
What does G1 stand for?
growth phase 1
growth 1
gap 1
gap zero
87
What is the best predictor of having a child with Down's syndrome?
whether both biological parents smoke
a mother over the age of 40
a father under the age of 20
a mother under the age of 20
88
How many different amino acids are used in proteins?
25
10
20
50
89
What are the base pairing rules in RNA?
C with T, and A with U
A with T, C with G
G with C, A with U
U with C, A with G
90
Why are proteins so important to a cell?
proteins are needed for only mitosis and meiosis
proteins do everything in a cell
proteins are the main component of the cell membrane
proteins release energy for chemical reactions
91
Haploid cells
have 2 copies of each chromosome
are in all organs of animals.
have 1 copy of each chromosome
have more than one nucleus.
92
Which is not a part of a nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar
amino acid
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
93
"If some is good, more is better." Is this true in regards to chromosomes in animal cells?
Yes
Mr. O. has never mentioned a good outcome with extra chromos
Yes but not including sickle cell anemia.
No
94
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
Crossing over happens
Gametes are made.
Random alignment of homologous chromosomes pairs
95
What is a chromosome made of?
DNA and lipids
RNA and ribosomes
DNA and histone proteins
RNA and DNA
96
What is not a difference between DNA and RNA?
The sugars are different.
Both are involved in making proteins.
The phosphate groups are different.
The nitrogenous bases are different.
97
What is the function of mRNA in translation?
to build the ribosome
to catch for mutations in the new proteins
to bring the anti-codons to the ribosome
bring the order of the amino acid sequence to the ribosomes
98
What are introns?
the secret to life
coding region in mRNA from DNA
sections of mRNA left in by splicing
sections of mRNA removed by splicing
99
What does RNA polymerase make?
mRNA
influenza
polio
chicken pox
100
What makes each of the 20 kinds of amino acids different?
the amino group
the phospholipid group
the carboxyl group
the R group
101
What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
radishose
ribose
ritalinose
radicchiose
102
What is an anti-codon?
The part of tRNA that base pair bonds to the codon in mRNA
the part of the tRNA where the amino acid is found
The part of the mRNA that tells what the DNA wants.
all of these
103
Haploid cells are
n
2h
2n
h
104
What will be the amino acid sequence if the mRNA is AUGUAUAUUGUG
met-cys-iso-glu
met-tyr-iso-val
met-cys-iso-trp
ala-cys-iso-glu
105
DNA and RNA are examples of
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
106
What is the sequence of a mRNA strand if the template DNA strand is AAATTTGCGTTG?
UUUAAACGCAAC
UUAAAACGCAAG
IDONTCAREANYMORE
TTTAAACGCAAC
107
Why is genetic diversity from meiosis important to a species?
More inbreeding
Mating with your clone is gross!
Every individual looking the same is boring.
Have a few individuals that could survive a enviro disaster
108
What 2 processes in meiosis increase genetic diversity?
mutations and evolution
homeostasis and fertilization
random alignment of H.C.P.'s and crossing over
splitting of sister chromatids and cytokinesis
109
What happens during telophase?
homologous chromosomes separate
nuclear membrane reforms and chromosomes unwind
nuclear membrane is broken down
spindle fibers attach to the sister chromatids
110
Why are animal gametes haploid?
to return the chromosome number to 2n after fertilization
to cut in half the number of chromosomes in the offspring
to double the number of chromosomes in the offspring
23 + 23 = 46
111
Crossing over benefits a species because it
provides for more opportunities for endosymbiosis
provides for more identical offspring
provides for more genetic variation in offspring
provides for more protein synthesis
