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AP Biology Unit 1-4 Basics Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Biology Unit 1-4 Basics Review
AP Biology Unit 1-4 Basics Review
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1
What needs a transport protein to pass through the lipid bilayer?
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
Ions
All of the Above
2
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
An object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by another force
For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
The force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
3
What macromolecule is needed for storing genetic information?
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
4
What occurs when the structure of an enzyme changes?
Demake
Dies
Denature
Deactivate
5
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) do what when cyclins bind to it and activate it?
Inhibits cell growth and begins apoptosis
Causes a positive feedback loop, making more cyclin
None of the Above
Phosphorylate the proteins necessary for the cell cycle
6
What is the order of the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase
7
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
An object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by another force
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
8
What macromolecule is the picture showing?
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
9
What is responsible for maintaining stability and facilitating cellular recognition in the cell membrane?
Glycoproteins
Cholesterol
Glycolipids
10
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place in the cell?
Cytolsol
Inner Mitochoridrial Membrane
Mitochondrial Matrix
11
Conducts photosynthesis in plant cells
Lysosomes
Vacuolues
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
12
What is the correct order of the steps of cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain, Glycolysis, Fermentation
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Electron Transport Chain
Fermentation, Glycolysis, Electron Transport Chain
13
What is the term for the the conversion of ADP to ATP in cellular respiration?
Protonphosphotylation
Chemiosmosis
Photophosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
14
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are what type of base?
Pyrimidine
Purine
15
Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?
G2
G1
S
M
16
Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for just cell growth?
G2
G1
M
S
17
What macromolecule is the picture showing?
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
18
What kind of cells have a cell wall?
Plant, Algae, and Fungi
Only Animal
Plant and Algae
Only Plant
19
What is the name of the gradient form by H+ molecules?
Adicic gradient
Ion gradient
Proton gradient
Energy gradient
20
Positive or negative feedback pathway?
Positive
Negative
21
A greater amount of H+ molecules in the inner membrane space leads to the inner membrane space becoming...
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
More acidic
More basic
22
What acts as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
FAD
H2O
O2
NADP+
23
A property of water that is caused by cohesion
Less Dense As Solid
Universal Solvent
Surface Tension
High Specific Heat
24
What is the primary function of all enzymes?
Make cell membranes
Increases the required activation energy of a chemical reaction
Defend the body from bacteria and viruses
Decrease the required activation energy of a chemical reaction
25
What is responsible for the fluid mosaic of cell membranes?
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Cholesterol
26
Which of these signals uses hormones and the circulatory system?
Autocrine
Endocrine
Paracrine
27
If a cell is hypotonic to its environment, water will have...
Net movement into the cell
Net movement out of the cell
No net movement
28
Active transport requires energy
True
False
29
Water molecules can form bonds with other water molecules
Cohesion
High Specific Heat
Adhesion
Universal Solvent
30
Synthesizes lipids, produces steroid hormones, and detoxification.
Rough ER
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
31
Structure dictates function
True
False
32
The site of protein synthesis in the cell. Embedded in the Rough ER.
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
33
Fermentation occurs after what step of cellular respiration?
Electron Transport Chain
None of them
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
34
Stores fluid and waste products in the cell.
Chloroplasts
Vacuolues
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
35
Do cells want higher or lower surface area to volume ratio?
Lower
Higher
36
____ are genes, when mutated, that begin making tumors. ____ inhibit cell proliferation and tumor development.
Proto-oncogenes, Tumor Supressor Genes
Tumor Supressor Genes, Proto-oncogens
37
What macromolecule is needed for long-term energy and make up membranes?
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
38
Water is a polar molecule
True
False
39
Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder within a system
True
False
40
What can denature an enzyme?
Both
Change in temperautre
Change in pH
41
What macromolecule is needed for structure, reactions, and enzymes?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
42
Water can pass through the plasma membrane on its own
True
False
43
What is the term for the the conversion of ADP to ATP in photosynthesis?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Protonphosphotylation
Photophosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
44
Only specific cells will respond to specific chemical signals because they have a receptor for the chemical signal
True
False
45
Diffusion is a type of passive transport
False
True
46
Where does the energy that fuels photosynthesis come from?
Other Animals
The Soil
Oxygen
The Sun
47
At what level of folding does protein become functional?
Secondary
Quaternary
Primary
Tertiary
48
Enzymes are made up of what macromolecule?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
49
Is this lipid saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
Unsaturated
50
What macromolecule is needed for short-term energy and structure?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
51
Which of these answers describe the head and tail of a phospholipid?
Polar Head, Nonpolar Tail
Nonpolar Head and Tail
Nonpolar Head, Polar Tail
Polar Head and Tail
52
Facilitated diffusion is a type of active transport
True
False
53
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The mitochondrial matrix
Thylakoid membrane
Stroma
54
Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for cell growth and preparation for mitosis?
M
S
G2
G1
55
Membrane-enclosed organelles that break down marcomolecules
Golgi Bodies
Vacuolues
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
56
Which photo-system do electrons pass through first?
PS II
PS I
57
Membrane bound organelle that produces ATP
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Lysosomes
58
Positive or negative feedback pathway?
Positive
Negative
59
What is apoptosis?
The Replication of Chromosomes
Programmed Cell Death
The Stopping of Replication
None of the Above
60
What are receptors made up of?
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
61
What can easily pass through the lipid bilayer?
Hydrophobic Molecules
Small Polar Uncharged Molecules
Gases
All of the Above
62
Competitive or noncompetitive substrate inhibition: The substrate binds to the active site
Competitive
Noncompetitive
63
Where does the electron transport chain take place in the cell?
Cytolsol
Inner Mitochoridrial Membrane
Mitochondrial Matrix
64
What in this signal transduction pathway example acts as the second messenger?
Ligand
Adenylyl Cyclase
Protein Kinase A
cAMP
65
Synthesizes proteins. Has ribosomes embedded into its membrane
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
66
What macromolecule is the picture showing?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
67
Which of these signals is produced by signaling cells that can also bind to the ligand that is released?
Paracrine
Autocrine
Endocrine
68
Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
Inner Mitochoridrial Membrane
Mitochondrial Matrix
Cytolsol
69
What acts as the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?
H2O
O2
NADP+
FAD
70
The type of bond responsible for cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
Hydrogen
Ester
Ionic
Covalent
71
What is the order of the signal transduction pathway steps?
Transduction, Reception, Response
Response, Transduction, Reception
Reception, Transduction, Response
Transduction, Response, Reception
72
What formed the oxygen in our atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria
The first mammals
It was already there
The first plants
73
Which of these signals acts on nearby cells?
Autocrine
Endocrine
Paracrine
74
What is the name of the enzyme that H+ molecules pass through to synthesize ATP?
Oxidoreductase
Carbohydrase
Amylase
ATP Synthase
75
Involved in secretion and intracellular transport
Golgi Bodies
Rough ER
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
76
What do kinase do in signal transduction pathways?
Binds to the receptor
Acts as a receptor on the nucleus
Add a phosphate group to molecules
Releases the energy from ATP
77
The G2 checkpoint decides whether or not the cell proceeds with division based on growth factors
False
True
78
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
Thylakoid membrane
The mitochondrial matrix
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Stroma
79
Water molecules can form bonds with other surfaces
High Specific Heat
Surface Tension
Cohesion
Adhesion
80
Energy coupling is when the energy produced by one reaction or system is used to drive another reaction or system
True
False
81
Water needs a high amount of energy to change temperature
High Specific Heat
Universal Solvent
Cohesion
Surface Tension
82
Is this a exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Endothermic
Exothermic
83
Adenine and guanine are what type of base?
Purine
Pyrimidine
84
What macromolecule is the picture showing?
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
85
Is this lipid saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
Saturated
86
What makes up a cell membrane?
Proteins
Both
Phospholipids
87
Competitive or noncompetitive substrate inhibition: The substrate binds to an allosteric site and changes the structure
Competitive
Noncompetitive
88
Where do the light dependent reactions take place?
Thylakoid membrane
The mitochondrial matrix
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Stroma
89
Where do light dependent reactions take place?
Matrix
Stroma
Membrane
Thylakoid
90
Is this a exothermic or endothermic reaction?
Endothermic
Exothermic
91
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
Stroma
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Thylakoid membrane
The mitochondrial matrix
92
What do ligands do in signal transduction pathways?
Releases the energy from ATP
Add a phosphate group to molecules
Binds to the receptor
Acts as a receptor on the nucleus
93
If a cell is hypertonic to its environment, water will have...
No net movement
Net movement into the cell
Net movement out of the cell
94
What is responsible for cell signaling, cell-cell recognition, and cell adhesion in the cell membrane?
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Cholesterol
95
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that are responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA
The signal for the replication of DNA
The signal to begin mitosis and meiosis
The signal that activates the transcription of proteins
96
If a cell is isotonic to its environment, water will have...
Net movement out of the cell
No net movement
Net movement into the cell
