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The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
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1
How did Voltaire think about freedom of speech?
we should censor rude or offensive speech
we should defend speech we disagree with
we should fight people who we disagree with
no one should insult anyone else
2
Which ruler claimed to support the Enlightenment but didn't actually do many reforms?
Maria Theresa
Catherine the Great
Joseph II
Frederick the Great
3
Thomas Jefferson, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, copied an important phrase from
John Locke
Jean Jaques Rousseau
Ben Franklin
William Blackstone
4
Hobbes was in favor of which type of government?
communism
absolute monarchy
republic
limited monarchy
5
Which philosopher argued that governments should have separation of powers and checks and balances?
Rousseau
Beccaria
Locke
Montesquieu
6
Who argued in favor of women's rights?
Franklin
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
Locke
7
This is an example of
modernist architecture
neoclassical architecture
medieval architecture
baroque architecture
8
What city was associated with great classical composers like Mozart and Beethoven?
Paris
Rome
London
Vienna
9
Which enlightened empress made life easier for her peasants?
Joseph
Frederick
Catherine
Maria Theresa
10
Which is true of Ben Franklin?
he had the most original ideas of any philosopher
he was jailed and exiled by the king of France
he popularized Enlightenment ideas in North America
he copied Locke's ideas when he wrote the Declaration of Independence
11
Which reform is Frederick the Great NOT associated with?
abolishing torture
abolishing the feudal system of serfdom
religious freedom
reducing censorship
12
Who was the most popular French Enlightenment philosopher?
Locke
Hobbes
Voltaire
Beccaria
13
Who is considered the most radical enlightened despot because he tried to free his peasants from serfdom?
Catherine the Great
Maria Theresa
Frederick the Great
Joseph II
14
Which enlightened despot probably had her own husband killed?
Maria Theresa
Mary Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
Catherine the Great
15
Supporters of the Enlightenment often argued that society could be perfected through
science and logic
business and commerce
war and the military
religion and faith
16
Which is true of neoclassical art?
it frequently celebrated deeply religious themes
like Renaissance art, it borrowed themes from ancient Greece and Rome
it emphasized simplicity, just like Renaissance art
it was influenced by the art of the Ottoman and Ming empires
17
Who argued against mercantilism and other government interference in the economy?
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
Mary Wollstonecraft
John Locke
18
What form of government did Locke think was best?
absolute monarchy
republic
constitutional monarchy
communism
19
The idea that people give up some freedom and the government provides law and order:
Leviathan
checks and balances
social contract
rehabilitation
20
Who wrote a book where a mythical giant monster is presented as a metaphor for an appropriate government?
Franklin
Rousseau
Wollstonecraft
Hobbes
21
The Enlightenment made Europe more secular, which means
less democratic
more democratic
less religious
more religious
22
The Enlightenment was
a solar eclipse
a philosophical movement in favor of more rights
a philosophical movement in favor of absolute monarchy
the discovery of electricity
23
Who argued that Native Americans were superior to Europeans?
Wollstonecraft
Rousseau
Hobbes
Franklin
24
Which philosopher was jailed, and later exiled from France, because of his writings critical of king and church?
Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Rousseau
Beccaria
25
Which enlightened despot was the most successful at war, taking land from Poland and the Ottoman Empire?
Maria Theresa
Joseph II
Catherine the Great
Frederick the Great
26
How did Rousseau differ from Locke on the social contract?
Locke thought it was impossible to withdraw from the social contract
Rousseau thought that individuals can withdraw from the contract
Locke believed the contract should be broken as soon as possible
Rousseau thought it was a phony idea
27
How did popular literature change in 18th century Europe?
fiction was seen as illogical and a waste of time
longer works of fiction meant as entertainment became popular
novels were no longer popular
stories were meant to provide moral education, not entertainment
28
According to Locke, government authority comes from
natural selection
might makes right
the consent of the governed
divine right of kings
29
Who argued that without a strong government everyone would harm each other all the time?
Locke
Rousseau
Voltaire
Hobbes
30
Locke and other supporters of the Enlightenment believed that if you have a bad government you
should help another country invade your country
must suffer quietly and obey
can overthrow the government
should wait for the government to improve
31
What are "enlightened despots"?
popular musicians who played the works of Mozart and Beethoven
holy men who proclaimed the mystical truth of Enlightenment
absolute monarchs who claimed to believe in Enlightenment ideas
revolutionaries who sought to overthrow absolute monarchs
32
Who tried to force all of his people to speak only German?
Frederick the Great
Catherine the Great
Voltaire
Joseph II
33
Whose book became a popular textbook in law schools?
William Blackstone
Baron Montesquieu
Cesare Beccaria
John Locke
34
How did Beccaria want to improve society?
criminals should be punished
the government should have checks and balances
criminals should be rehabilitated
women and men should have equal rights
