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TVMSC Ecology review--a review of chapters 34-36 Flashcards | StudBud
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TVMSC Ecology review--a review of chapters 34-36
TVMSC Ecology review--a review of chapters 34-36
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A review of 3 ecology chapters of Biology: Concepts and Connections
Flashcards
78 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Humans
are often primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers
are strictly primary and secondary consumers
are strictly secondary consumers
are strictly primary consumers
2
With birth rate 40 per 1000 pr yr and death rate 30 per 1000 per year, what is yearly change?
will increase 10% per yr
will increase 100% per yr
will increase 1% per yr
will increase 5% per yr
3
Species diversity of a community refers to
number of species in it and the evenness of their abundance
the number of species in it
the number of species & individuals in it
the number of individuals in it
4
A strategy that involves producing many young, each with low chance of surviving to adulthood,
is typical of humans
is typical of whales
is typical of salmon
a typical of elephants
5
What percent of energy generally passes from one trophic level to the next?
about 50%
about 40%
about 10%
about 1%
6
in logistic growth, population growth
slows and stops, due to density-dependent factors
continues indefinitely, due to density-independent factors
slows and stops, due to density-independent factors
continues indefinitely, due to density-dependent factors
7
Deserts are defined by being
hot and dry
hot
dry
home to many cacti
8
"coevolution"
occurs only in mutualistic relationships
occurs only in "arms races" between predator and prey
occurs in mutualism & predator-prey arms races
9
The type of growth illustrated by humans during the past few thousand years is ____ growth
exponential
equilibrial
linear
logistic
10
A "fugitive" or "colonizing" plant species may be expected to produce
many small, easily-dispersed seeds, perhaps wind-dispersed
any sort of seed type, all types being equally likely
a few, large seeds
11
If a toxin is concentrated up a food chain, which is likely to have the highest concentration?
1 primary consumer
A secondary consumer
an herbivore
a plant
12
Stage one of the Demographic Transition model features
a high birth rate and high death rate
a low birth rate and high death rate
a high birth rate and low death rate
a low birth rate and low death rate
13
the mark and recapture method is most important for studying
plants
elephants
diurnal rodents like prairie dogs
nocturnal rodents
14
the term "life history" refers to
the typical population growth rate of a species
the size of individuals of a species
the typical population density of a species
the magnitude and timing of events involving reproduction
15
Which type of spacing among conspecifics implies a lack of ecological interaction among them?
regular spacing
clumping into groups
all of these
random
16
compared to "species diversity", "biodiversity" is
a broader concept
a narrower concept
equivalent
17
Mutualism is a type of relationship in which
both members feed mutually on the same food resource
both members are harmed
one member obtains a benefit and the other is harmed
both members obtain a benefit
18
When we call dandelions a "fugitive" species we mean it
is good at using temporarily-existing habitats
is good at using stable, long-lasting habitats
19
If an area has a K of 1,000 deer but 2,000 are present, we can predict the population
is at equilibrium
will slowly increase
is equally likely to increase or decrease
will decrease
20
Stage four of the Demographic Transition model features
a low birth rate and low death rate
a low birth rate and high death rate
a high birth rate and high death rate
a high birth rate and low death rate
21
Primary production in the oceans
is generally greatest in zones of upwelling
is greatest in the tropics
is determined mainly by temperature
is uniform throughout the oceans
22
The greatest volume of the ocean is
lit by the sun at all times
lit by the sun during the day
in perpetual darkness
23
A population age-structure pyramid that is widest at the bottom
has not very many young individuals
Is not growing rapidly
has most individuals in the youngest age class
is shrinking in size
24
"biodiversity" includes
all of the above
genetic diversity within populations
number of community types present
processes such as evolution
25
Primary consumers are
herbivores
carnivores
top carnivores
plants
26
The world's major grain-producing regions occupy areas once occupied by which biome?
Tropical savannah
Coniferous (boreal) forest
Temperate grassland
Deciduous, broad-leaved forest
27
the mark and recapture method is used for
estimating amount of movement
estimating population size
estimating clutch and litter size
estimating birth and death rates
28
In the sea otter, kelp, sea urchin relationship, which is viewed as a keystone species?
the otter
all 3 are considered keystone species
the kelp
the sea urchins
29
If water availability is limiting to plant growth, adding nutrients
will have unpredictable results
will not increase plant growth
will increase plant growth
30
Along a lake edge, every 75 yards is a male redwing blackbird singing. This is an example of
a random dispersion pattern
a clumped dispersion pattern
artificial selection
a uniform dispersion pattern
31
An area where a river enters the sea is called
a saltmarsh
an estuary
a swamp
a bay
32
Which are most often limiting nutrients for plant growth?
Calcium and Potassium
Calcium and Phosphorus
Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Nitrogen and Potassium
33
a plant "secondary compound" is
often toxic to many insects
part of an essential biochemical pathway, e.g. respiration
34
In the logistic growth model, as population size increases
birth rates decline but death rate remains steady
birth rates remain constant and death rates increase
birth and death rates increase
birth rates decline and/or death rates increase
35
Which is most likely mainly a secondary consumer?
a mouse-eating weasel
snake-eating snake
snake-eating bird of prey
an herbivorous insect
36
In the rainshadow effect, areas down-wind of mountains have
a hotter climate than the upwind side
a drier climate than the upwind side
a colder climate than the upwind side
a wetter climate than the upwind side
37
The dead zone at the mouth of the Mississippi River is
an extreme example of eutrophication
all of the above
a result of farming practices over much of the US
due mainly to Nitrogen and/or Phosphorus in the river
38
predation is believed
responsible for many species extinctions
to have no effect on species diversity
to virtually always diminish species diversity
to increase species diversity in some cases
39
Decomposers (bacteria, fungi)
consume from all trophic levels present in an ecosystem
are strictly primary consumers
are strictly secondary consumers
are strictly primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers
40
Algae growing on a turtle's shell is most likely an example of
commensalism
predation
competition
mutualism
41
a keystone species
has a large total biomass within a community
is very abundant in a community
is particularly large in body size
has a strong effect on community structure or function
42
The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support without damaging the habitat is called
community size
reproductive potential
optimal density
carrying capacity
43
You have 10 mice in yr 1, 20 in yr 2, and 40 in yr 3. It this continues, in yr 5 there will be
120
80
160
60
44
Which is not a primary producer?
oak tree
algae
herbivorous insect
bamboo
45
The age structure diagram associated with an unchanging population size has a shape
nearly parallel-sided, tapered at the top
like a funnel
like an hourglass
like a pyramid
46
For the following question, consider trophic levels to be:
not an answer
level 1=plants, 2=herbivores, 3 and above = carnivores
47
Which is most clearly an example of a density-dependent factor?
the 1st hard fall frost for a population of annual plants
a virus transmitted among animals by sneezing
occurrence of rainstorms for an fast-growing annual plant
summer drying of savanna grass for an inset that feeds on it
48
Alpine tundra occurs
in the far north and high in mountains, equally
in the far north
high in mountains
49
Photsynthesis in oceans and lakes takes place
in the photic zone
in the aphotic zone
in the benthic zone
in all zones from surface to bottom
50
A species with an unusually large impact on community structure or function is often called
Fred
a competitive species
a keystone species
a dominant species
51
There are five alligators per acre in a swamp. This is a measure of the alligator population's
dispersal
dispersion
density
range
52
A strategy involving producing few offspring, each with high odds of survival, is typical of
oysters
elephants
mice
grasshoppers
53
zooplankton are
tiny, algae-eating animals
algae and other tiny photosynthesizers
large herbivores
medium-sized fishes
54
What process is most responsible for putting carbon into the air?
pollination
nitrogen fixation
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
55
The human population of Earth is currently growing by one billion, about every
32 years
12 years
64 years
20 years
56
A natural process of successive change in species composition in a community is called
the "Great Chain of Being"
Synchrony
ecological succession
a trophic cascade
57
mimicry would be unlikely to evolve in the absence of
warning coloration
predation
both of these
58
We would expect a "fugitive" species
to be good at colonizing habitat patches
to be poor at colonizing habitat patches
to have no adaptations for habitat colonization
59
A country with an age structure diagram narrowest at the base is experiencing
logistic growth
exponential growth
a population explosion
negative population growth
60
a "slow-to-fast" spectrum of lifestyles
is widely recognized among plant but not animal species
is widely recognized among animal but not plant species
is widely recognized among plant and animal species
has little evidence in support of the idea
61
"nitrogen fixation" refers to
putting N2 into the atmosphere
making nitrate and/or ammonia from N2
growing plant biomass
repairing damaged nitrogen atoms
62
Our agriculture using greatest quantities of which?
potassium
sodium
calcium
nitrogen
63
Eutrophication is
enrichment of a water body with limiting nutrients
the same as a fish kill
always a bad thing for the environment
64
Which one of the following best illustrates K-selection or a "slow" life history strategy?
mice that produce 3 litters of 10-12 babies in a summer
a weed species that quickly spreads inover an area
a bear producing 1-2 cubs every 3 years or so
production of thousands of eggs each spring by a frog
65
Which of these is a primary consumer?
lizard
spider
deer
coyote
66
when species A evolves in response to evolution by species B, and vice versa, this is called
interspecific competition
an arms race
mutualism
coevolution
67
What process is most responsible for taking carbon out of the air?
photosynthesis
pollination
cellular respiration
decomposition
68
The biome with least area worldwide is
Tropical forest
Chaparral
Taiga
Tundra
69
Periodic population crashes of some animal species are most likely caused by
all the above are equally likely
a combination of biotic factors
some abiotic factor
some biotic factor
70
Mediterranean climates have
mild summers and cold, dry winters
hot, rainy summers and cold, rainy winters
hot, dry summers and cold, dry winters
hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters
71
Which of these will speed a population's growth rate?
remove any density-dependent influences on clutch size
all would likely increase population growth rate
begin breeding at an earlier age
improve habitat quality
72
Plants that grow quickly from seed, reproduce, and die, all within a few weeks are called
annual plants
perennial plants
fast plants
biennial plants
73
A population is which?
all the individuals of all species in an area
all the species living together in an area
all the individuals of one species in the world
all the individuals of 1 species living together in an area
74
A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of porcupines on an islands. This an example of
a density-dependent effect
an abiotic factor
interaction between density dependent & independent factors
an exponential death rate
75
Which is false?
after 1950, death rates dropped in most developing nations
reproduction at an early age speeds population growth
about 80% of the world's population lives in poor countries
As women's status increases, they generally have more kids
76
What is the main abiotic reservoir of the carbon cycle
rocks
living tissue of plants and animals
the atmosphere
water
77
Primary production is
the production of decomposers in an ecosystem
the production of plant or algal biomass in an ecosystem
the production of animal biomass in an ecosystem
the total production of biomass in an ecosystem
78
vultures are most likely
consume at trophic levels 2 and above
primary producers
primary consumers
consumer at trophic levels 3 and above
