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Review of Evolution
Review of Evolution
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Review of Chapters 16-19 in Biology
Flashcards
48 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
A fossil does not have to include preserved remains of the once-living organism.
True
False
2
The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon
the number of genes that control the trait.
the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios.
which form of the trait is dominant.
the relative frequencies of the various alleles.
3
Scientific names are written in which language?
French
English
Latin
Arabic
4
The type of classification key used in class is also called a ____ key.
duplicate
binomial
binary
dichotomous
5
When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is
disruptive selection.
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
not predictable.
6
How did Darwin view the fossil record?
Interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species
A detailed record of evolution
Evidence that Earth was thousands of years old
Evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse
7
Which concept is
not
included in the modern theory of evolution?
transmission of acquired characteristics
competition among members of a population
descent with modification
natural selection
8
Which scientific name is written correctly?
ursus Maritimus
Ursus maritimus
ursus Maritimus
Ursus maritimus
9
The study of the supposed evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
genetics.
genealogy.
taxonomy.
phylogeny.
10
A certain allele is present 100 times in a total gene pool of 1,000 genes. Relative frequency
is 1 percent.
is 100 percent.
is 10 percent.
is 20 percent.
11
How do binomial names compare with earlier versions of scientific names?
They are longer.
They are more descriptive.
They are shorter.
They are in English.
12
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its
half-life.
relative date.
radioactive date.
period.
13
A diagram that shows the supposed evolutionary relationships among organisms is called a
pedigree.
Punnett square.
cladogram.
family tree.
14
When a farmer breeds only his/her best livestock, the process involved is
survival of the fittest.
artificial selection.
artificial variation.
natural selection.
15
What is the half-life of carbon-14?
1.25 million years
5,730 years
50,000 years
3,750 years
16
Scientists who specialize in the study of fossils are called
anthropologists.
ecologists.
zoologists.
paleontologists.
17
Genetic equilibrium can be disturbed by each of the following
except
nonrandom mating.
immigration or emigration.
a large population size.
mutations.
18
A random change in a population's allele frequency is known as
genetic drift.
a gene pool.
fitness.
variation.
19
The scientific name of an organism
may have more than one genus name.
varies according to the native language of scientists.
may refer to more than one species.
is the same for scientists all over the world.
20
The science of classifying and naming organisms is called
botany.
zoology.
biology.
taxonomy.
21
Which scientist developed the system of binomial nomenclature for naming organisms?
Linnaeus
Aristotle
Mendel
Darwin
22
Darwin's concept of evolution is based on the idea(s) of
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging species.
the transmission of acquired characteristics.
use and disuse of body structures.
heritable variation and natural selection.
23
According to the law of superposition,
younger rock layers normally lie on top of older rock layers
older rock layers normally lie on top of younger rock layers
24
According to evolutionists, how old is Earth?
about 200,000 years old
about 3.5 billion years old
about 4.5 billion years old
about 2 million years old
25
Which other biologist independently came up with ideas similar to Darwin's?
Louis Pasteur
Gregor Mendel
Stephen Jay Gould
Alfred Russel Wallace
26
According to evolutionists, the first life form to evolve was
multicellular and prokaryotic.
single-celled and eukaryotic.
single-celled and prokaryotic.
multicellular and eukaryotic.
27
Darwin's concept of evolution suggests that
animals that look alike are the most closely related.
extinct species are not related to living species.
species change over time.
different species can interbreed.
28
Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily
extinct organisms.
general similarities in appearance.
similarities in proteins.
similarities in the DNA.
29
Based on their names,
Ursus maritimus
and
Ursus arctos
do
not
belong to the same
family.
species.
class.
genus.
30
Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
diversity.
fitness.
adaptation.
evolution.
31
Darwin's famous book is titled
The Origin of ____.
the Universe.
the Galapagos Islands.
Species.
Life on Earth.
32
According to Darwin, certain individuals in a population will survive due to the
lack of competition within the species.
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
33
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene are known as ____ traits.
dominant
polygenic
recessive
single-gene
34
What did Thomas Malthus suggest?
There would soon be insufficient food for humankind.
In the 1700s, England needed more housing.
The majority of a species' offspring die.
Humans are dying faster than they can reproduce.
35
When individuals at only one end of a range of phenotypes have high fitness, the result is
disruptive selection.
directional selection.
genetic drift.
stabilizing selection.
36
Which of the following is
not
a source of genetic variation?
adaptations
lateral gene transfer
sexual reproduction
mutations
37
___ refers to the concept that living species have descended, with changes, from other species.
Artificial selection
Natural selection
The theory of acquired characteristics
Descent with modification
38
Evolutionary change resulting from small changes accumulating over time is
gradualism.
punctuated equilibrium.
39
All the genes of all the members of a population make up the population's
genotype.
gene pool.
relative frequency.
phenotype.
40
The phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait can often be expressed as
a bell-shaped curve.
Mendelian ratios.
allele frequencies.
a bar graph.
41
Radioactive dating of rock samples is a method of
relative dating.
absolute dating.
42
The organism
Quercus alba
is a member of the genus
Quercus.
alba.
43
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and shows simple dominance will result in
four phenotypes.
two phenotypes.
millions of phenotypes.
one phenotype.
44
The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is called
genetic equilibrium.
genetic drift.
natural selection.
evolution.
45
In which type of rock are most fossils found?
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
46
According to evolutionists, when did life first appear on Earth?
about 4.5 billion years ago
about 2 million years ago
more than 3.5 billion years ago
about 200,000 years ago
47
A
monophyletic group
includes
a given species and all of its ancestors.
a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
48
Which taxon would include the widest variety of organisms?
species
domain
phylum
kingdom
