MLT 106 Unit 4( Other Major Blood Group System)

Both antibodies are usually considered to be clinically significant, bind complement & associated with HTR & HDFN

Contains only one antibody specificity, either anti-IgG or antibody to specific complements like C3d or C3b

Importance and appreciation of antigen-typing technique include, EXCEPT!

Poorly expressed at birth, take up to 7 years,inhibited by a rare dominant gene In(Lu) type Lu(a-b-) RBCs

Required anti-human immunoglobulins are, EXCEPT?

—-% of the errors are misidentification of the recipient or blood at bedside

Which statement is CORRECT about the steps taken to use additional panel cells

Newborn red cells have a linear structure with repeating N-acetyllactosamine units

Also called “Rule-out’’ technique, it is performed ONLY if there’s homozygous expression of the antigen ( 0 +)

When donor units of an ABO group other than the recipient’s own type have been transfused(Test for unexpected anti-A &B)

Lutheran Null Phenotype Lu(a-b-) can result through three different methods, EXCEPT!

For whole blood NO ALTERNATIVE IS ALLOWED

Located on smaller glycoprotein called glycophorin B ( GPB), which is similar to GPA

Are generally IgM and can not cross the placenta to cause HDN

Most commonly encountered antibody of the Lewis system. IgM & Clinically insignificant

Discovery and use of the reagent led to the finding of, EXCEPT!

Contains multi-antibodies to human IgG and C3d in each reagent bottle

Produced by people of S-s-U- phenotype, is seen in African American. IgG & react at 37oC( very clinically significant)

Anti-Lu a often displays a characteristic loose, mixed field reaction during in vitro testing

Antigen should be examined to see if the pattern of reactivity matches a pattern of antigen-positive cells.

Enzyme adds sugar L-fucose to type 2 precursor chain

For the most part clinically insignificant unless detected at 37 oC IgM

Fairly rare antibody, autoantibody. Seen in infectious Mononucleosis

Once an antibody is positive, additional testing is required to ID the antibody & determine its significance

What is the primary purpose of a crossmatch ?

The DAT can detect a level of 100 to 500 IgG molecules per RBC and —- to —— molecules of C3d per RBC

Testing Pt serum with donor RBCs is the last blood bank test performed before component is given

Produced by Jk(a-b-) individuals

Is associated with poor expression of Kell system antigens( McLeod phenotype)

Techniques that may aid in the identification of anti-Le a & anti-Le b:

Production of the trans-membrane carrier molecule for Duffy glycoprotein

Found on RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes,& monocytes. Synthesized by the sequential action of glycosyltransferases

When phenotyping the patient is DIFFICULT, b’ce of a positive DAT or recent transfusion

We do an auto control, If crossmatch is incompatible

Was developed to promote efficient utilization of blood & to establish realistic blood ordering level of certain procedu

Is used to adsorb Bg-like antibodies from serum

Is located on chromosome 19. It codes for the production of enzyme that adds L-Fucose to type 1 precursor chain

The true Lewis phenotype ( Le(a-b+) ) resulting after ———-of age.

Is the final check on ABO blood group compatibility and may detect any antibodies in Pt’s serum

Bacterial contamination of cells leading to cell agglutination

The most common bacterial contaminant is —-!

Lewis antigens are not well developed at birth, but begin to appear shortly thereafter

Not intrinsic to RBCs but are on type I glycosphingolipids that are passively ADSORBED ONTO the RBC membrane from plasma

It is a powerful biphasic hemolysin

Agglutination or hemolysis in the crossmatch is considered evidence of ——?

The number of IgG molecules sensitized on RBC and the rate at which sensitization occurs can be influenced by: EXCEPT!

The XK gene responsible for Kc protein

Adults have almost all I antigen= I adult

The Fy gene Plays a role in susceptibility to red cells invasion by ———-.

Is not destroyed by neuraminidase or purified trypsin

No secretions, lack Se and Le genes that add fucose to type 1 chain

No secretions, lack Se and Le genes that add fucose to type 1 chain

Uses Hybridoma technology which fuses mouse spleen lymphocytes with myeloma cells

If IgG antibodies are detected, it dissociate the antibodies from the RBC surface to allow for identification & classif-

Associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia, which often develop strong cold agglutinins with I specificity

What’s NOT true about anti-M & anti-N antibodies?

( Less than 4 months old) use serum/plasma of MOTHER and INFANT for initial testing

Secretors gene are found in approximately—-% of the random population

What is the secondary purpose of compatibility testing?

Will remove these insignificant antibodies, which may interfere with the detection of clinically significant antibodies

Patient labeling requirements include, EXCEPT?

Interpreting the significance of positive DAT requires the knowledge of the—, —-, &—-, EXCEPT?

Results of autocontrol & antibody screening test determine patterns that may identify the cause of the incompatibility

Are well developed at birth & are destroyed by proteolytic enzymes ( ficin, papain,&bromelin

The following are biological significance of Anti-Le a EXCEPT?

In extreme cases, when there is no time to do Pretransfusion testing, O Rh-negative blood can be used

Secretes everything. Lea, Leb, A,B,& H

Are resistant to malaria invasion. EXCEPT!

Usually IgM and rarely clinically significant ( incubated at 37oC)

Which statement is INCORRECT about anti-S,-s, and -U ?

Weak secretions stated, insignificant and rare

ABO grouping and Rh typing, repeat weak-D testing is NOT required.

Lewis antigen strength may decline dramatically during ———

Advantage of monoclonal AHG production is —-

Examples of clerical errors include, EXCEPT?

Found on glycophorin A ( GPA) , the major sialic acid rich glycoprotein (SGP)

Appeared to be Kell null but demonstrated weak expression of k, Kpb and Jsb

Which method is the antigen-antibody complex composed of SOLID PRECIPITATES and is removed from test by Centrifugation

Blood transfused exceeding the patient’s total blood volume within 24 hrs or 4 to 5 units of RBC units in 1 hr

Detection of incomplete antibodies to potential donor red cells

Are not destroyed by enzymes

The primary objective of crossmatch is to——?

If ABO/Rh of fetus is determined to, group specific blood can be given provided there’s no fetomaternal ABO or Rh inco

Are produced by TISSUE CELLS and are found in plasma & body secretions