Metrics Final Exam (Part 1)

In a standardized normal curve, the values on the x-axis ALSO represents z-values

We would expect the correlation between height and weight among all UofSC students to be

“X” variables always are placed on the vertical axis

Could you be at least 99% certain that the store’s score of 4.3 was higher than expected?

The mean, median, and mode all share the same value in a standardized normal curve

The variable “state” is best described as being

_____Statistics are used to describe or summarize data; ____ statistics are used to make inferences about a population.

The EXCEL function for a test is TTEST()

Engagement is a scale score based on 3 items asked using the 5-point response:Strongly disagree(1) to strongly agree (5)

See the picutre!

The greek term sigma ( ∑ ) is an abbreviation used to signify that values should be summed

What is the median of the vector [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]?

Cohesion has both a kinship and a task-focused component. These items are dificent in respect to measuring the construct

See the picture!

The two levels of measurement upon which mathematical operations can be carried out are:

Standard deviations provide ambiguous information when distributions are asymmetrical

What part of the 1-2-3 rule would you use to test against 99%?

A standardized normal curve always has a mean equal to 0 and a standard deviation of 1

The correlation reflected in the scatterplot below is most likely….

Your company presents data as Z-scores. A store has a Z-score of -2.33 on engagement. Is the store:

A major limitation w/ variance is that variance causes you to lose sight of original units of measurement

If you follow the construct validation steps you can decisively conclude that your construct has been “validated”.

If X and Y are related such that Y increases when X increases, their correlation is

What is the mode of the vector [4,5,4,6,7,9,4,8]?

You can calculate t from the means and standard deviations of two samples, with no additional information.

The excel function to estimate the mean is MEAN

If a curve is a normal curve, the total shape is defined by the mean and standard deviation.

Correlations range from 0 to 1

Evidence-based HR management requires creating a _ that encourages & teaches managers to think more critically

A correlation takes a value between 0 and 1

A skewed distribution is symmetrical

If I want to test the difference in pay between men and women, I would use a t-test for (related/unrelated) means.

In HR, effectiveness and impact get a lot of attention, but efficiency is often unmeasured

A negative association is the same as an inverse association

If the t-value is greater than the critical value, we accept the null hypothesis.

In a graph, the Y-axis is the horizontal line

Face validity is a form of validity.

The variables “job level” is best described as being

Assume normal distribution. Take a range that goes ± 1 SD, what % data will be covered by lower+ upper end of the range?

What is/are the mode(s) of the vector [3,4,6,3,4,3,8,4,9]?

A Cronbach Alpha (or coefficient alpha) value of 0.60 or greater is generally considered acceptable reliability.

Reliability indices range from -1 to 1

The null hypothesis implies that there are no data to test.

See picture below

The variable “age” is best described as being

The critical value of t is always 2.0.

To answer the significancy of this question, what part of the 1, 2, 3 rule can you use?

In a normal curve, the point at which the curve begins to turn outward will be one standard deviation away from the mean

A frequency distribution is a table or graph that indicates how many times a value or score appears

It is often practical and feasible to collect data from an entire population

The EXCEL function SKEW returns:

The Descrip. Stat. option under the Data Analysis tab is a quick way to get summary statistics such as mean,median,mode

A correlation coefficient (r) can take on any value between -1.00 and 1.00.

Stronger correlations have higher values

As sample size goes up, the critical value of t goes (up/down).

The figure below has (a) a positive skew or (b) a negative skew

A normal curve or distribution (not standard normal) can have any mean and standard deviation

If X causes Y, their correlation will be ___________ if they are not causally related

Per C&B, leaders in HR are often aware of existing scientifically supported ways to measure& evaluate decisions about HR

See the picutre!

Google’s People Analytics Group describes 4 levels of sophistication in HR Analytics: Counting,__, Insight & influence.

Across the board layoffs are a best practice because they spread the pain equally

See question on image

Generally speaking, one way to increase reliability of a scale is to add more items measuring the scale construct

A scatterplot that trends up (from left to right) reflects a positive correlation

In a standardized normal curve, the values on the x-axis represent Standard Deviations.

The estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution of mean differences is called the __________

LAMP stands for Logic, Analytics, Measures and Process

It is possible to have a highly reliable score that is still deficient.

What is the median of the vector [23,25,27,2000]?

If the correlation between two variables is zero, they can still be related in a way that is not linear.

The formula for the median is: Σx/N

See picture for question

If the correlation between X and Y is 0.64, then the correlation between Y and X will be:

The null hypothesis is represented by H0

The function EXCEL function VAR.S estimates the variance for a population

Cascio and Boudreau believe that familiarity with analytic principles is increasingly essential for all HR professionals

When we have a nominal variable (ex: race), the only measure of central tendancy that makes sense to report is

Correlation does not imply causation

Convergent validity is established by testing whether 2 or mor measures of the same/similar construct are highly related

Reliability indicates the degree to which measurement scores are free of random error

According to C&B, many assumptions about the link b/w HR programs & benefits of these programs are based on naïve logic

On a scatterplot, the Y variable is always placed on the vertical axis

See the picture!

See the picture!

A(n) __ provides the logical connections between decisions about a resource & the strategic success of the organization.

The correlation between X and Y is always the same as the correlation between Y and X

The three forms of reliability are:

A dictionary-like statement that describes a construct is the _________.

Use N-1 in the deminator of the variance estimate when you have a sample&plan to apply the estimate to a larger populat.

See the picture!

The squart-root of the variance is the ___

Content validity is often established using subject matter experts.

Deviations from the mean will ALWAYS sum to zero

Leadership support is a common assumed driver of employee attitudes such as commitment.

According to Cascio and Boudreau, analytics is about drawing the right conclusions from data

There is a single definitive test that can be used to establish validity.

The mean is more sensitive to extreme values than is the median

Inferential Statistics are used to make statements about a sample when we know the characteristics of a population

If you have a z-value of 0.71, how much of the area under the curve is between the mean and the z-value?