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Test #3 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Test #3 Review
Test #3 Review
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Operant and classical conditioning, learning, intelligence, motivation, and emotions
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Answers
1
Which of the following is
not
a key idea in Alfred Adler's theory of personality?
collective unconscious
inferiority complex
birth order
striving for superiority
2
Physical changes that accompany emotions produce the subjective emotional experience
Maslow's hierarchy of emotions
Ekman's theory of emotion
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
James-Lange theory of emotion
3
An example of crystallized intelligence is
learning how to put together an engine
memorizing the multiplication tables
learning to locate all the countries in Europe on a map
all of the above
4
Which of the following is a personality trait that is
not
seen in cultures all over the world?
interpersonal relatedness
neuroticism
agreeableness
conscientiousness
5
According to Freud the part of the mind which operates on the "reality principle".
reaction formation
ego
id
superego
6
facial expressions & physical changes of emotion are universal; emotion regulation is cultural
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
Ekman's theory of emotion
James-Lange theory of emotion
Maslow's hierarchy of emotions
7
What type of behavior is operant conditioning based upon?
involuntary
learned
voluntary
extinct
8
The theory that classifies intelligence into eight broad independent abilities.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Spearman's g
Sternberg's triarchic theory
9
The heritability of most basic personality traits is approximately __________.
40 to 60 %
25 to 35 %
10 to 20 %
75 to 95 %
10
the realization of one's potentialities; considered as a need present in everyone
drive-reduction theory of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
self-actualization
instinct theory of motivation
11
A test is said to have construct validity when:
the construct is related to real-world consequences
it measures the concept it claims to measure
the test yields the same results from 2 different people
the test yields the same results from 2 different times
12
Gamblers who insert coins in a slot machine are reinforced on a _______ schedule.
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable ratio
variable interval
13
Ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences.
repression
id
archetype
sublimation
14
95% of people who take the Wechsler IQ tests score between
55 and 145
90 and 105
85 and 115
70 and 130
15
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
first place ribbon
money
candy
grades in school
16
In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what was the unconditioned response?
electric shock
the ringing of the bell
salivating to the food
food
17
The theory of intelligence that includes three dimensions including narrow, broad, and general.
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Spearman's g
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
Sternberg's triarchic theory
18
We have a biological foundation for our personality traits.
Evolutionary-Biological personality theory
Social-Cognitive personality theory
Psychoanalytic personality theory
Humanistic - Positive personality theory
19
Which of the following scientists is closely associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
E. L. Thorndike
B. F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
20
A test is said to have test-retest reliability when:
the construct is clear and concise
the test yields the same results from 2 different people
the construct is related to real-world consequences
the test yields the same results from 2 different times
21
Which schedule of reinforcement results in the most persistent behavior?
fixed
variable
nondiscriminant
discriminant
22
Sue was born with three rather than two number 21 chromosomes. Her intellectual disability is
Down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Asperger's syndrome
Edward's syndrome
23
A person's behavior changes in different situations.
Evolutionary-Biological personality theory
Psychoanalytic personality theory
Humanistic - Positive personality theory
Social-Cognitive personality theory
24
Choosing to buy one brand of peanut butter over another because its taste is called _______.
discrimination
shaping
following your role model
generalization
25
What is an unconscious strategy used by the mind to protect itself?
inferiority complex
defense mechanism
ego
id
26
The root of all
motivations
is the
motivation
to survive.
self-actualization
instinct theory of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
drive-reduction theory of motivation
27
What type of behavior is the process of classical conditioning based upon?
voluntary
choice
involuntary
complex learning
28
TRUE or FALSE: Negative reinforcement strengthens the targeted behavior.
FALSE
TRUE
29
Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
money
pain
water
food
30
We feel emotions and experience physiological reactions simultaneously.
James-Lange theory of emotion
Ekman's theory of emotion
Maslow's hierarchy of emotions
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
31
Reinforcing "baby steps" toward a desired complex behavior is the basic principle behind ____
shaping
extinction
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
32
In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
food
salivating to the bell
ringing of a bell
sound of footsteps
33
What happens to behavior that is reinforced?
strengthens
shows up less frequently
goes extinct
weakens
34
Mirror neurons are
involved in fear response
involved in social learning
an example of negative punishment
a form of cognitive maps
35
Guilford’s Alternate Uses test measures which of the following characteristics?
openness to experience, unconventionality, and creativity
analytic, practical, and creative
fluency, flexibility, and originality
convergent thinking, divergent thinking, and originality
36
Genetic factors account for about what percentage of variability in intelligence?
75%
30%
50%
40%
37
Motivation comes from human needs in a hierarchical manner from the lower to the higher order.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
instinct theory of motivation
drive-reduction theory of motivation
self-actualization
38
Our personality resides in the unconscious and early childhood experiences.
Humanistic - Positive personality theory
Evolutionary-Biological personality theory
Social-Cognitive personality theory
Psychoanalytic personality theory
39
Strive toward growth and fulfillment through unconditional positive regard.
Psychoanalytic personality theory
Humanistic - Positive personality theory
Evolutionary-Biological personality theory
Social-Cognitive personality theory
40
A physical need creates a tension state that motivates an organism to achieve homeostasis.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
drive-reduction theory of motivation
self-actualization
instinct theory of motivation
41
Conditioning is just another word for a simple form of _____
voluntary behavior
involuntary behavior
reflex
learning
42
An example of fluid intelligence is
knowing how to put together an engine
being able to locate all seven continents on a map
learning the multiplication tables
solving a problem in a factory assembly line
43
Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
x
s
g
i
44
In operant conditioning the ___________ are the key to learning.
role models
antecedents
consequences
behavioral errors
45
Intelligence predicts real-world success from 3 areas analytical, creative, and practical.
Cattell-Horn-Carroll
Spearman's g
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
Sternberg's triarchic theory
46
Which of the following refers to test “fairness?”
Ensuring that tests have a high internal reliability
Applying test results in an impartial way
Ensuring that tests measure intelligence & not anything else
Ascertaining that test scores predict real-world outcomes
47
Operant conditioning comes from the _____________ viewpoint of behavior.
psychodynamic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
48
Which of the following scientists would be classified as a behaviorist?
B. F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
Carl Rogers
49
According to Freud, the part of the mind that is the seat of impulse and desire.
id
archetype
ego
superego
50
When little Albert became afraid of all things white and furry, we say that he was ______
showing an unconditioned response
discriminating
becoming extinct
generalizing
51
A test is said to have predictive validity when:
the test yields the same results from 2 different people
the test yields the same results from 2 different times
the construct is clear and concise
the construct is related to real-world consequences
