Generation of a proton gradient occurs during

both photosynthesis and respiration

What is convergent evolution?

2 species develop traits from adapting to the same niche

compared to a eutrophic lake, an oligotrophic lake tends to have a greater:

supply of oxygen in the deep waters

Cytoplasmic streaming in cells is a phenomenon that:

depends on intracellular microfilaments

Involve adiabatic cooling and warming of air masses

Mitochondria, chloroplast, and bacteria membranes are all involved with the following EXCEPT

catalyzing reactions of the Krebs Cycle

What is a mechanism for the production of genetic recombinants

crossing over & indep. assortment

Crossing over is more likely to occur between genes that are

far apart but on the same chromosome

What are the three basic parts of a nucleotide?

sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

What is an interstitial deletion?

When an inner portion of a chromosome is deleted

A circadian rhythm is best exemplified by the:

daily activity patterns of a rat

In mitosis, which condition is most characteristic of metaphase?

Positioning of chromosomes on the equatorial plane of cell

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ETS Elon Biology Exam review

127 termsStudBud Administration229 plays

student generated general review questions based on content from Bio111 (Intro Cell), Bio131 (Biodiv), Bio212 (PopBio), and Bio245 (Genetics)

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Questions 127

Answers

1
NOT one of five conditions required in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium:
A large breeding population
Random mating
No change in allelic frequency due to mutation
natural selection
2
Generation of a proton gradient occurs during
neither
both photosynthesis and respiration
respiration
photosynthesis
3
Relationship b/t bird & bat wing
Homology
All of the Above
Convergent
Homoplasy
4
Organisms that don't have the ability to produce their own food are called
autotroph
anaerobic
heterotrophs
exergonic
5
What is convergent evolution?
two species mate to create another species
traits in one species merge together to form one new trait
2 species develop traits from adapting to the same niche
two new species are formed from one species
6
What BEST describes this picture?
Resource Partioning
Competitive Exclusion
Intraspecies Competition
Interspecies Competition
7
Which is not a type of tissue system in vascular plants?
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue
Root tissue
Dermal tissue
8
The electrons consumed during cell respiration is involved directly in which process?
the citric acid cycle
accepting e- at the end of ETC
oxidation of pyruvate
glycolysis
9
compared to a eutrophic lake, an oligotrophic lake tends to have a greater:
amount of hydrogen sulfide
number of blue-green algae
supply of oxygen in the deep waters
bological oxygen demand
10
Which of the following describes the ABO blood group system?
incomplete dominance
multiple alleles
pleiotropy
epistasis
11
The sequence of aa in a polypeptide is called the
tertiary structure
secondary structure
quaternary structure
primary structure
12
mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants are examples of....
commensalism
parasitism
competition
mutualism
13
Cytoplasmic streaming in cells is a phenomenon that:
occurs only in prokaryotes
depends on extracellular collagen
depends on intracellular microfilaments
is caused by cilia and flagella
14
The end product of glycolysis is
NADH
Acetyl-coA
Pyruvate
Lactate
15
Rain shadow deserts
Are formed on the windward side of mountain ranges
Involve adiabatic cooling and warming of air masses
Tend to be found at 20o N and 20o S of the equator
Form near the intertropical convergence zone
16
Which term describes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
telophase
metaphase
anaphase
prophase
17
Mitochondria, chloroplast, and bacteria membranes are all involved with the following EXCEPT
generation of ATP
generation of chemical gradients
generation of electrical potentials
catalyzing reactions of the Krebs Cycle
18
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
19
A woman has six sons. The chance of having a daughter as her next child is
1/2
0
1/6
1
20
What acts during termination of transcip. to finish a mRNA primary transcript
small ribosomal subunit
polymerase
polyadenylation signal
release factor
21
What allows the DNA to exit the nucleus?
Introns and exons
Phosphorylation
Tandem repeat sequence
Poly A tail and 5’ cap
22
Reduction of NADP+ occurs during
neither
photosynthesis
both photosynthesis and respiratino
respiration
23
organisms living in highly unstable environments would tend to have which survivorship curve?
Type I
Type II
Type III
24
A retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase to go from:
Protein to RNA
RNA to DNA
RNA to DNA
RNA to Protein
25
What is a mechanism for the production of genetic recombinants
crossing over & indep. assortment
nondisjunction
X inactivation
methylation of cytosine
26
Crossing over is more likely to occur between genes that are
close together on the same chromosome
bw different homologous chromosomes
far apart but on the same chromosome
on sister chromatids
27
Which of the following correctly matches organelle with function?
lysosome, amino acid synthesis
mitochondrion, photosynthesis
smooth ER, manufacture lipids
Golgi apparatus, cellular respiration
28
Which is not a major role of lipids?
Cell membrane
Reactant for respiration
Insulation
Energy source
29
Flame cells, green glands, and malpighian tubules are all specialized structures involved in:
excretion
digestion
energy transfer
respiration
30
Which of these features is not characteristic of roundworms?
Complete digestive system, one with 2 openings
Three tissue layers: ecto, endo, and mesoderm
Long, smooth, and unsegmented bodies
A supporting backbone
31
Pioneer organisms appear at the start of:
Primary succession
Neither
Both
Secondary succession
32
Which of the following span the phospholipid bilayer, usually a number of times
peripheral proteins
integrins
transmembrane proteins
integral proteins
33
Where do microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant & animal cells
centriole
centrosome
chromatid
centromere
34
What are the three basic parts of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
fatty acids, phosphate, glycerol
phosphate, glycerol, peptide
lipid, protein, carbohydrate
35
What kind of molecules pass through the cell membrane most easily
small and hydrophobic
large polar
ionic
large and hydrophobic
36
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis
CO2 and pyruvate
Co2 and H2o
Co2 and NADH
NADH and pyruvate
37
Evolution in both a pollinator and flower from their interaction is an example of:
coevolution
divergent evolution
regressive evolution
parallel evolution
38
Which phylum in Kingdom Plantae lacks vascular tissue?
Bryophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Pteridophytae
39
What is an interstitial deletion?
When an outer portion of a chromosome is deleted
When an inner portion of a chromosome is deleted
40
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of the DNA strand from 5' --> 3'
DNA ligase
topoisomerase
DNA polymerase III
primase
41
Which organelle is primarily involved in synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids
ribosome
mitochondrion
lysosome
smooth ER
42
Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid and a homozygous recessive for alleles at two independent loci:
9:3:3:1
1:2:1
3:1
1:1:1:1
43
What process removes nitrogen from active biological cycling back into the atmosphere?
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrogen fixation
Ammonification
44
Ribosomes are made up of ____ subunits
3
1
2
4
45
A circadian rhythm is best exemplified by the:
daily activity patterns of a rat
annual migration patterns of butterflies
emergence patterns of 17-year cicadas
scheduled mealtimes of a school child
46
Which would be considered for pure breeding? i) AABBCC, ii) aabbcc, iii) AaBbCc, iv) AAbbcc
i, ii and iv
i & ii
i, ii and iii
Only i
47
What factor impacts the carrying capacity of a species?
Available space for a species
Related predators to a species
All of the above
Available food
48
In mitosis, which condition is most characteristic of metaphase?
Positioning of chromosomes on the equatorial plane of cell
Separation of pairs of sister chromatids
Reformation of the nuclear envelope.
Replication of cell's DNA
49
Active transport is important because it can move molecules
restore equilibrium
low concentration to high
resist osmosis across membrane
high concentration to low
50
Which is not a factor that influences epigenetics?
X-linked traits
ncRNA-association
Histone Modification
DNA methylation
51
Double helix describes the structure of a molecule of?
DNA
Monosaccharide
Protein
Disaccharide
52
Who just rickrolled you?
Izzo
Hamel
Vick
Vandermast
53
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
synthesize simple sugars from CO2
transport RuBP out of the chloroplast
use ATP to release carbon dioxide
use NADPH to release CO2
54
All epigenetic changes are past from parent to offspring
False
True
55
multiple genes under the control of a single promoter is called a(n)....
polyribosome
gene bridge
operon
repressor
56
A constitutive gene has constant levels of expression; a regulated gene does not
True
False
57
How is natural selection not analogous to artificial selection?
no limit to artificial selection, limit to natural selection
Natural occurs within and artificial between populations.
Natural depends on variation; artificial selection does not.
Natural is due to fit, whereas artificial requires a breeder
58
What does p^2 represent in Hardy Weinberg's equation, p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
frequency of AA
frequency of aa
frequency of 2a
frequency of Aa
59
In the carbon cycle, carbon enters the ocean reservoir by
Diffusion
Photosynthesis
Upwelling
Consumption
60
Which histone is present as a monomer within the chromatosome and associated with linker DNA
H3
H2A
H2B
H1
61
Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
vacuole
lysosome
62
Transposons are:
Fragments of DNA from the lagging strand
Pieces of DNA that can move within an organism's genome
Spools of DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Non-coding regions of DNA that influence gene activation
63
All the organisms regardless of species in a defined limited space would be called a(n)..
biosphere
community
population
ecosystem
64
Which of these is not considered a threat to biodiversity?
Pollution
Climate change
Unlimited food
Invasive species
65
Mitosis involved which of the following cells?
Sex cells
Both
It depends
Somatic cells
66
Which of the following rules is not a reason why DNA rep is slower than transcription
nucleotide only added to 3' end of growing strand
single stranded DNA tends to close itself off
only RNA can be added directly to DNA
The strands of double stranded are always antiparallel
67
Mendel's 2nd law of indep. assortment has its basis in which of the events of meiosis I
crossing over
synapsis of homologous chrom
separation of homologs at anaphase
alignment of tetrads at the equator
68
Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the vol. of a plant cell
lysosome
mitochondrion
peroxisome
vacuole
69
Which are major structural components of the cell membrane
phospholipids and cellulose
phospholipids and proteins
nucleic acids and proteins
proteins and cellulose
70
Which of the following organisms do NOT have a nucleus
fungus
plant
human
bacteria
71
List the steps of polymerase chain reaction in order
Prime, anneal, amplify
Extend, denature, anneal
Anneal, prime, amplify
Denature, extend, anneal
72
Oxidation is the _____ of electrons and reduction is the ________ of electrons.
Gain, loss
loss, gain
73
Which is not a characteristic of the kingdom Plantae?
The have motility
Their cell walls are composed of cellulose
They are autotrophic
They reproduce both asexually and sexually
74
What is the role of NADH and FADH2
Accept electrons to ETC
Directly converted to ATP
No roll in cell respiration
Donate electrons to ETC
75
Which of the following was the biggest mass extinction event?
Late Denovian, 375 mya
end Permian, 251 mya
end Triassic, 200 mya
end Ordovician, 444 mya
76
Which would you find in the digestive system of insects?
Nephridia
Protonephridia
Malphigian tubes
77
Who confirmed that DNA is genetic material?
All of the above
Miescher
Hershey and Chase
Watson and Crick
78
Which of the life strategies best exemplify humans?
Type III
Type II
Type I
79
Within chloroplasts, light is captured by
Grana within thylakoids
Cisternae within grana
Grana within cisternae
Thylakoids within grana
80
another term for the population size where the population stops growing is...
logarithmic growth
parasitic limit
density
carrying capacity
81
Which of the following help hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?
DNA polymerase
ligase
single-stranded binding proteins
primase
82
A phosphodiester linkage holds __ together in DNA
two strands of polynucleotides
two nitrogen bases
two adjacent nucleotides
two phosphates
83
The process of transduction usually begins
when signal molec. changes the receptor protein in some way
after the third stage of cell signaling
when chemical signal is released from alpha cell
after the target cell divides
84
Operons control gene regulation in:
Archaea only
Prokaryotes only
All of the Above
Eukaryotes only
85
Which is an example of an abiotic factor?
Algae
Carbon Dioxide
Mouse
Sunflowers
86
What happens to most of the energy that flows through an ecosystem?
Energy continuously recycles
The energy degrades and is destroyed
Much of it is lost as heat of respiration
Energy levels get lower as ecosystems are closed
87
The pyrimidine bases are
adenine and guanine
cytosine, thymine, uracil
adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
88
Higher plants have a polar main axis and definite stem and roots. This is first established:
when germination first starts in the soil
When the seedling first grows into the light
when the plant is old enough to produce leaves
in the embryo of the seed
89
Which of the following is not a type of cell membrane receptor?
Ion channels
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Neurotransmitters
G-protein coupled receptors
90
Which of these animal phyla is the most numerous in terms of species?
Mollusca
Chordata
Porifera
Arthropoda
91
Which of the following reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell
respiration
digestion
dehydration rxns
hydrolysis
92
Which is true of transcription factors
transcribe ATP to cAMP
control which genes are expressed
Initiate epinephrine response
they regulate synthesis of DNA in response to a signal
93
The organelle most directly involved in aerobic cell respiration is the
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosome
ER
94
A woman carrier for X-linked hemophilia marries a normal man. What are the odds the son has it?
25%
0%
50%
75%
95
Which is not true of mitochondria?
The outer membrane is more permeable than the inner membrane
The amount of cristea folds depends on ATP and ETC use
Glycolysis happens in the matrix of the mitochondria
Different cells have different numbers of mitochondria
96
A nonpoisonous insect adapting coloration of a poisonous one is an example of...
Divergence
Aposematism
Gene transfer
Disruptive selection
97
What are nonparental offspring?
Offspring that have traits present in either parent.
Offspring that have traits not present in either parent.
98
What is the order of signal transduction?
Initiation, amplification, termination
receptor , amplification, initiation
Ligand, termination, secondary messengers, receptors
Ligand, secondary messenger, receptor
99
What is a gene pool?
A laboratory device in which gene samples are stored
All genes in a population at a given time
A stage in mitosis
All genes that are active in one individual
100
2 plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait, suggests
blending of traits has occurred
incomplete dominance
parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits
parents were both heterozygous
101
All of the following occur as part of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis EXCEPT
transfer of electrons to ferredoxin
utilization of photons
oxidation of water molecules
formation of ADP molecules
102
Parapatric speciation occurs when:
a small part of the population moves to a new location
the population does not mate randomly
part of the population moves into a new niche
two populatinso are separated by a physical barrier
103
Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?
Genes don't influence each other in the sorting of alleles
Two alleles of a gene won't separate during gamete formation
Genes do influence each other in the sorting of alleles
Two alleles of a gene will separate during gamete formation
104
Oxidative metabolism is carried out ____ of mitochondria.
In the inter-membrane space
In the matrix
In the inside of the outer membrane
On the surface of the inner membrane
105
Name of an enzyme that transfers phosphate group from ATP to a protein is
protein kinase
phosphatase
phosphorylase
ATPase
106
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
plasmodesmata
Golgi vesicles
rough ER
lysosomes
107
What chromosome is involved with the development of Down Syndrome?
20
19
21
22
108
What would happen to translation if all copies of one type of tRNA were removed from the cell?
large ribosomal subunit would never initiate translation
ribosome add the wrong aa at the codon of the missing tRNA
ribosome would pause at the codon of the missing tRNA
nothing
109
Which is an example of ancestral homology?
all of the above
The first birds +descendants have feathers, not other groups
birds and mammals have forelimbs they share with amphibians
Humans and insects have eyes
110
The process responsible for fixation of neutral alleles in a small population is called:
genetic drift
Darwinian selection
recombination
Lamarckian selection
111
Which rule is most directly responsible for the existence of Okazaki fragments?
The strands of doublestranded nucleic acids are antiparallel
Only RNA can be added directly to DNA
Single stranded DNA tends to close on itself
Nucleotides can only be added to the 3’ end
112
an inhibitor that binds a spot other than the active site of an enzyme would be a(n)...
product
noncompetitive inhibitor
competitive inhibitor
RNAse
113
What is the last stage of cellular respiration in plants?
Calvin Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
TCA Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
114
What is an pericentric inversion?
An inversion that includes the centromere
An inversion of one arm
An inversion that includes multiple chromosomes
An inversion that does not include the centromere
115
Which symmetry type is the most common among all the phyla in the kingdom animalia?
Asymmetrical
Bilateral
Radial
116
Animals store glucose in the form of
gylcogen
guanine
glycerol
amylose
117
Viruses need ____ in order to transmit their genetic material into other cells
Reverse Transcriptase
Injection Plasmid
RNA Primers
RNA Polymerase
118
Which of the following synthesizes short segments of RNA
helicase
ligase
primase
DNA poly III
119
Which of the following is released by the placenta and assists in maintaining pregnancy?
vasopressin
luteinizing hormone
thyroxine
chorionic gonadotropin
120
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
DNA
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
121
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is an area with
Consistent high air pressure
Consistent high rainfall
Polar climate change
Desert-like climate
122
Plant cells have ____ for energy production
both mitochondria and chloroplasts
only chloroplasts
neither
only mitochondria
123
During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction
DNA
protein
lipid
RNA
124
_____ is a nonprotein compound required for some enzymatic reactions to occur
Substrate
Cofactor
ATP
Biomolecule
125
Which of the following is not a mode of speciation?
allopatric
peripatric
bipatric
sympatric
126
The bacterial cell wall is composed of
A polymer of sugars
A phospholipid matrix
A lipoprotein
Chitin
127
Where is ATP synthesis located in the mitochondrion
inner membrane
ETC
outer membrane
cytosol

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