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Cells, Chapter 3, Heredity Flashcards | StudBud
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Cells, Chapter 3, Heredity
Cells, Chapter 3, Heredity
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8th Grade quiz on cells and heredity, punnett squares, DNA, and chromosome theory.
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1
An organism's physical appearance is its...
genotype
codominance
phenotype
heterozygous
2
Factors that control traits are called...
cells
parents
genes
purebreds
3
Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which...
the cell's cytoplasm divides
the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei
the sex cells divide into four new sex cells
the cell divides into two new cells
4
Which term refers to physical characteristics that are studied in genetics?
offspring
genotype
traits
hybrids
5
Each rung on the DNA ladder is made of...
Four letters
A single letter, T
Three letters
A pair of letters
6
A hybrid is an organism with...
different alleles for a trait
a different phenotype
the same alleles for a trait
a harmful mutation
7
What is a mutation?
Any change in a gene or chromosome
Any change that is helpful to an organism
Any change that is harmful to an organism
Any change in the phenotype of the cell
8
Chromosomes carry ___ from parents to offspring.
cells
genes
nuclei
hybrids
9
A mutation is harmful to an organism if it...
Makes the organism a better hunter
reduces the organism's chances for survival and reproduction
makes the organism better able to avoid predators
changes the phenotype of the organism
10
A chicken is born with both black and white feathers... what can you infer?
Several alleles work together to determine the trait
Both alleles are dominant
The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
Both alleles are recessive
11
What does the notation Tt mean to geneticists?
two dominant alleles
one dominant and one recessive allele
two recessive alleles
homozygous alleles
12
A Punnett square shows all the possible _____ resulting from a cross
phenotypes
alleles
purebreds
hybrids
13
What did Gregor Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments?
He cross-pollinated both plants and animals
He studied only asexual plants
He cross-pollinated pea plants
He cross-pollinated butterflies
14
The different forms of a gene are called
alleles
traits
factors
homozygous
15
The sex cells produced by meiosis have ____ the number of chromosomes as body cells.
12 times
half
thrice
twice
16
A mutation in a sex cell can be passed to offspring.
false
true
17
A pea plant that is heterozygous for tall stems has the alleles....
tt
TtT
TT
Tt
18
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a...
trait
homozygous
purebred
hybrid
19
What does the notation TT mean to geneticists?
one dominant and one recessive allele
heterozygous alleles
two dominant alleles
two recessive alleles
20
What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant if the parents are two hybrid tall plants
three in four 75%
four in four 100%
two in four 50%
one in four 25%
21
In a DNA molecule, Guanine always pairs with...
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
22
Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have...
more chromosomes than found in body cells
the same number of chromosomes found in body cells
half the number of chromosomes found in body cells
12 times the number of chromosomes found in body cells
23
A ________ organism is the offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait
dominant
recessive
purebred
hybrid
24
The copied DNA in a normally growing cell is pulled apart during...
meiosis
mitosis
25
A heterozygous (hybrid) organism has...
two different alleles for a trait
three different alleles for a trait
only one allele for a trait
two of the same alleles for a trait
26
What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
Genes are carried from offspring to parents on chromosomes
Codominant genes combine to form new hybrids
Chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on hybrids
27
When Mendel crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants, all of the offspring were
hybrid
short
tall
homozygous
28
A DNA molecule is shaped like a...
A long, thin rod
A spiral staircase
a square
a triple helix
29
What determines the genetic code?
the order of the nitrogen bases along a gene
the number of G and C bases in a chromosome
the number of A and T bases in a chromosome
the number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule
30
What does a Punnett Square show?
only the dominant alleles in a genetic cross
all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
all the children the parents will have
only the recessive alleles in a genetic cross
31
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute...
one fourth the number of chromosomes in body cells
half the number of chromosomes in body cells
the normal number of chromosomes in body cells
twice the number of chromosomes in body cells
32
Chromosomes are made up of...
one pair of alleles
many genes on a strand of DNA joined together
many traits joined together
many cells put together
