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World History and Geography Part 1
World History and Geography Part 1
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World History and Geography Part 1 released Virginia SOL test questions from 2012 and 2014
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which type of government was used in the Persian Empire?
Democracy
Imperial bureaucracy
Religious oligarchy
Republic
2
The practice of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was primarily the result of contact with the —
Persian Empire
Mongol Empire
Byzantine Empire
Islamic Empire
3
Living in hannony with nature is an important part of Chinese culture primarily because of-
Hinduism
Buddhism
Taoism
Confucianism
4
The Battle of Tours was significant because it marked the —
end of the Crusades in the Middle East
end of Muslim expansion into Western Europe
beginning of Turkish rule in the Balkans
beginning of British dominance in Northern Europe
5
Constantine brought a significant change to the Roman Empire by —
writing a constitution
moving the capital
abolishing slavery
banning monotheism
6
One characteristic of the Pax Romana was widespread -
social equality
political conflict
cultural decline
economic prosperity
7
What best replaces the question mark?
Social Structure
Citizenship Rights
Representative Government
Trade Policies
8
Hippocrates made important contributions in the area of —
philosophy
sculpture
medicine
poetry
9
Which phrase best completes this diagram?
Letters of Credit
Closure of Banks
Church Rules on Usury
Use of Arabic Numbers
10
Which action best completes this diagram?
Prohibition of money lending
Control of price levels
Adoption of uniform currency
Limitation of economic regulations
11
The first European universities were based on the scholarly contributions of —
guilds
monasteries
courts
manors
12
Which region best replaces the question mark?
China
Egypt
Greece
Mesopotamia
13
The ancient Hebrews established a civilization near which location?
3
2
4
1
14
In this quotation, Pericles describes Athenian society as valuing —
economic opportunity
military discipline
religious freedom
civic responsibility
15
The cause of the split in Islam after Muhammad's death was a difference of opinion concerning -
expansion
leaders
pilgrimages
prayer
16
Which group was most responsible for spreading this cultural characteristic?
Roman soldiers
Sumerian bureaucrats
Islamic traders
Egyptian pharaohs
17
During the Paleolithic Era, how did most early humans acquire food?
By following animal migrations
From nearby settlements
From domesticated animals
By planting crops
18
Many Incan cities were easily defended because they were built-
on islands
in canyons
on mountaintops
in rainforests
19
Which institution in Western Europe had the most power during the Middle Ages?
Roman universities
The feudal system
The Church
Merchant guilds
20
The rivervalley civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia developed governments that were ruled by
religious authorities
elected officials
representative assemblies
tribal councils
21
Which of these best completes this diagram?
Upanishads
Vedas
Ten Commandments
Twelve Tablets
22
Which phrase completes this diagram?
Production of Books
Construction of Monasteries
Development of Guilds
Growth of Universities
23
The Vikings who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages were from —
Russia
Scandinavia
Turkey
Poland
24
One of the main accomplishments of Justinian was —
defeating an invading army of Ottoman Turks
reconquering territory that had belonged to the Roman Empire
making Christianity the official religion ofthe Roman Empire
stoppingthe Islamic conquest of Western European territories
25
This sequence of events was caused by the-
beginning of the Crusades
Hundred Years' War
Bubonic Plague
fall of the Roman Empire
26
Which text is a central document of Judaism?
Upanishads
Koran (Qur’an)
Analects
Torah
27
Which factor strengthened both the Byzantine Empire and the empire of Charlemagne?
Studies of geography and medicine
Patrons of painters and sculptors
Unity between politics and religion
Respect for elders and ancestors
28
Whose codification of Roman law has strongly influenced European laws of today?
Justinian
Augustus Caesar
Marcus Aurelius
Constantine
29
Which god kept the same name when adopted from Greek mythology by the Romans?
Venus
Juno
Zeus
Apollo
30
Which accomplishment is associated with Alexander the Great?
The spread of Greek culture throughout the empire
The defeat of the Chinese army in Asia
The destruction of the Athenian navy in battle
The introduction of Christianity to the Near East
31
The Dome of the Rock is an example of which civilization’s achievements in art and architecture
Greek
Roman
Chinese
Islamic
32
Which choice belongs in this diagram?
Plebeians in section 1
Patricians in section 1
Consuls in section 2
Emperors in section 2
33
Which civilization best completes this diagram?
Mayan
Egyptian
Persian
Incan
34
Which regions were connected by the Silk Roads?
Northern Europe and the Mediterranean basin
Western Europe and East Africa
East Africa and Southeast Asia
East Asia and the Mediterranean basin
35
Which characteristic was most common in ancient river valley civilizations?
Social equality
Hereditary rule
Limited population growth
Limited economic growth
36
These events occurred in the nation-state of —
England
Spain
France
Russia
37
Which ancient writing system is illustrated in this picture?
Chinese characters
Sumerian cuneiform
Egyptian hieroglyphics
Phoenician alphabet
38
During the Middle Ages Greek and Roman classics were preserved when they were translated into -
Persian
Arabic
Russian
Chinese
39
Emperor Constantine chose the location for a new capital partly for its distance from-
feudal kingdoms
Germanic invaders
Mongol hordes
trade routes
40
Which belief is associated with Shintoism?
Reincarnation depends on karma.
People must respect nature spirits.
The gods interfere in human lives.
People will experience an afterlife.
41
Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge?
Gupta
Byzantine
Chinese
Mongol
42
During the Renaissance, these authors were most often studied by -
feudal lords
parish priests
bankers
humanists
43
Which list places these events in the correct chronological order?
3, 1, 2, 4
4, 3, 1, 2
2, 4, 3, 1
1, 2, 4, 3
44
This speech helped to start the —
Hundred Years’ War
Holy Roman Empire
First Crusade
Norman Conquest
45
The Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers were boundaries for the empire of —
Ghana
Zimbabwe
Kush
Nubia
46
When studying prehistoric people, cave drawings like this one allow archaeologists to —
study farming techniques
speculate about daily lives
interpret written records
understand spoken languages
47
According to the Mandate of Heaven, a Chinese emperor could remain in power as long as he-
governed as a just ruler
conquered new territories
controlled the army
obeyed the priests
48
Which factor was most important about the site of Constantinople?
Mountains for stone building materials
River valley to provide rich farmland
Peninsula for easily constructed defenses
Desert oasis to supply fresh water
49
The ancient Hebrews were among the first to develop a religious tradition that included —
sacrifices
holy pilgrimages
ancestor worship
monotheism
50
Which number on map represents theregion where archaeologists believe the firsthumans appeared?
1
3
4
2
51
Which number shows where Roman civilization first developed?
4
1
3
2
52
Which civilization influenced the architecture in this picture?
Byzantine
Islamic
Russian
Greek
53
What was the major change caused by the agricultural revolution?
End of hunting
Increase of spoken languages
Elimination of trade
Development of permanent settlements
54
What was the purpose of this structure?
To carry water
To practice a religion
To defend a city
To make travel easier
55
Which information correctly completes this table?
Column 1—Centered in Constantinople
Column 2—Centered in Rome
Column 1—Accepted the authority of the Patriarch
Column 2—Used Greek language in liturgy
56
Which change was a result of the rise of the feudal system?
Local lords had the most political power.
Artistic achievements became socially important.
Major cities were established.
Long-distance trade routes were developed.
57
Emperor Constantine influenced the traditions of Western civilization by -
codifying Roman law in the Middle East
sending Roman soldiers to the Middle East
legalizing Christianity within the Roman Empire
unifying Europe by founding the Holy Roman Empire
58
The defining characteristic of polytheistic religions is the idea that-
there is an eternal struggle between good and evil
there are many gods and goddesses in existence
beings undergo many cycles of rebirth
past actions control the destiny of each person
59
The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai benefited from being near the-
largest European cities
Red Sea coast
Trans-Saharan trade routes
Mediterranean Sea
60
Which empire is described by these characteristics?
Byzantine Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mongol Empire
Persian Empire
61
Buddhists achieve enlightenment by following the —
decrees of the Upanishads
laws of the Old Testament
Five Pillars
Eightfold Path
62
What does this diagram represent?
Caste system of India
Political system of Greece
Feudal system of Japan
Class system of China
63
Which statement describes the origin of these terms?
They are events from Roman history.
They are taken from Greek mythology.
They are found in Babylonian legends.
They are actions of Egyptian gods.
64
Machu Picchu is located in which type of geographic region?
Plains
Mountains
Rain forest
Arid valley
65
What was one impact of this event?
Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj.
The desert tribes declared a lasting truce.
Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina.
A permanent split occurred within the religion.
66
Which number represents the location of ancient Athens?
1
2
3
4
67
According to this quotation, Christopher Columbus relied on technology that originated in -
Arabia
China
Italy
Spain
68
The Gupta Empire made a major contribution to world civilizations by developing —
long-lasting roads
the production of porcelain
wind-powered boats
the concept of zero
69
The Mayan and Aztec civilizations advanced the development of-
calendars
ocean navigation
manufacturing goods
printing
70
Which number on the map marks the location of this building?
2
1
4
3
71
What characteristic did the Persian Empire share with the Roman and Incan Empire?
Written system of law
Widespread road system
Uniform system of money
Monothesistic religious system
72
This quotation best represents the religious views of-
Hindus
Zoroastrians
Buddhists
Jews
73
This sequence describes the development of government in ancient —
Athens
Byzantium
Rome
Sparta
74
These statements describe characteristics of the early -
Zoroastrians
Muslims
Buddhists
Christians
75
In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli explained why it is necessary for leaders to have —
democratic participation
absolute power
constitutional government
political equality
76
Howdid Rome's military conquests affect the economic and social structures of theRoman Republic
The Republic adopted a monotheistic religion.
Trade routes fell into disuse throughout the Republic.
Slavery became important to Rome's agricultural production.
Soldiers deserted to join enemy armies attacking Rome.
77
This quotation describes the-
triumph of Pope Urban in retaking the Holy Land
collapse of Western control of Jerusalem
collapse of Rome as a result of the barbarian invasions
triumph of the Ottoman Turks at Tours
78
What best completes the title of this map?
the Plague
Islam
Judaism
the Crusades
79
Which statement best explains the migration of early humans?
People searched for new sources of food.
Natural disasters forced people to leave native lands.
Religious conflicts made people leave disputed lands.
Rise of civilizations displaced other people.
80
In the 14 and 15 centuries most goods arrived in Europe from Constantinople after crossing the
Black Sea
Red Sea
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
81
The Vedas and the Upanishads are sacred writings of-
Zoroastrianism
Hinduism
Judaism
Buddhism
82
Which art form is most associated with the Byzantine culture?
Tapestries
Music
Sculpture
Mosaics
83
Ancient Athens was responsible for developing which concept in government?
Elected legislatures
Civil service
Direct democracy
Written laws
84
Which primary factor encouraged Greek city-states to develop different identities?
Religion
Geography
Economy
Language
85
Which city served as the capital of three empires at different times and under different names?
Baghdad
Moscow
Athens
Constantinople
86
Which number marks the location of an African kingdom that adopted Christianity?
4
3
1
2
87
Which city was an obstacle to early Rome's control of the Mediterranean region?
Athens
Corinth
Carthage
Alexandria
88
Which event is described in this list?
The Peloponnesian War
The Trojan War
The Punic Wars
The Gallic Wars
89
Which religion encourages its followers to make a pilgrimage to this site?
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Buddhism
90
The ruling authority of China’s ancient dynasties was based on the —
Ten Commandments
Mandate of Heaven
Code of Hammurabi
Twelve Tables
91
Which religion belongs in the shaded part of this diagram?
Shintoism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Confucianism
92
Which characteristic describes the early Catholic Church?
Conducted services in Greek
Headed by the Pope
Established monasteries in Russia
Centered in Mecca
93
This is a quotation from -
Pythagoras
Pericles
Hippocrates
Homer
94
Which civilization most lnnuenced the architecture of this church?
Indian
Greek
Byzantine
Roman
95
The lack of arable land in Greece contributed to an economic system based on -
lumber and minerals
manufactured goods
agricultural production
shipping and trade
96
During the Neolithic Era, which change first resulted in the creation of settled communities?
Invention of written language
Development of agriculture
Use of pottery
Specialization of labor
97
Which number marks a province of the Roman Empire?
1
3
2
4
98
Which factor had the greatest effect on the movements of early nomadic societies?
Survival needs
Mineral deposits
Tribal treaties
Religious beliefs
99
Which event helped to spread Islam in Africa?
Conquest of Jerusalem
Relocation of capital to Baghdad
Conquest of Damascus
Establishment of trade with Timbuktu
100
Which movement had the greatest influence on the Renaissance?
Feudalism
Utopianism
Humanism
Romanticism
101
Which characteristic is associated with both the Roman and the Greek cultures?
Bicameral legislature
An army of legionnaires
Polytheistic religion
The rule of emperors
102
Which characteristic describes the earliest followers of Islam?
Migrated from Central Asia
Nomads in West Africa
Lived on the Arabian Peninsula
Sea traders from South Asia
103
Which characteristic was shared by the Aztec and Mayan civilizations?
3
1
2
4
104
Shinto had which lasting effect on Japanese culture?
Focus on military devotion as the highest form of virtue
Adoption of examination system to select officials
Division of people into rigid social classes
Emphasis on the beauty of the natural world in art
105
The movable-type printing press helped the Renaissance by--
supporting the teachings of the Catholic Church
expanding the distribution of new ideas
motivating the analysis of Egyptian society
increasing the use of new accounting practices
106
Which phrase best describes the geographic location of the Mayan civilization?
Mountains of Brazil
Woodlands of North America
Rainforests in Central America
Deserts in Mexico
107
Which best supports the conclusion that the Indus Valley civilization had a central government
The cities had a organized pattern of streets.
Goods were imported from coastal cities.
Houses were constructed with baked bricks.
The farms produced annual crop surpluses.
108
Which empire Is associated with this river system?
Babylonian Empire
Gupta Empire
Phoenician Empire
Chinese Empire
109
Early Hellenic culture spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of —
democratic elections
sea trade
dynastic decline
climate changes
110
The Magna Carta was important because it —
increased the influence of the church
limited the power of the king
established the right of assembly
ended the system of feudalism
