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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
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1
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
2
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
The Silk Road
Regional trade in the Americas
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
3
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
looking to create empires in the Americas.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
4
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
5
Which empire relocated their capital to Tabriz?
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
6
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
7
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
8
Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
9
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Native American and African cultures
Christianity and Islam
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
10
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
11
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
chattel slavery
encomienda
indentured servitude
Voluntary Labor
12
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Social powers
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
13
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Chattel Slavery
Mit'a
14
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
15
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
16
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
17
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
18
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
19
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
20
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Age of Exploration
The Artistic Renaissance
The Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution
21
BQ: Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
Islam and Confucianism
22
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
23
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
24
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
25
The expansion of Ottoman and Safavid empires led to conflict . What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
26
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
caravels using lateen sails.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
colonies in the Americas.
silver-backed currencies.
27
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
28
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
29
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
30
Located in Agra, India, this mausoleum was built for the tomb of Shah Jahan favorite wife Mumtaz.
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
31
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated revenue through trade
Created tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
32
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
33
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
34
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region? (Roll the Dice )!
Russia
Middle East
China
South Asia
35
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
36
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
37
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were originally;
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
Christian peoples.
38
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
39
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Romans
The Byzantines
The Chinese
The Egyptians
40
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created taxation systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
41
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Hawaii
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
42
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Egyptian Empire
43
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
44
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
45
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
46
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
47
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of the anatomy of the human body
48
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy (trade), spurring Portugal to explore, was
the Mughals
the Manchu Qing
the Ottomans
the Safavids
49
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
50
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
51
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
52
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
53
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that;
Took Christian children as tributes for the army or civil servants.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
54
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
55
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
56
Which empire was ruled by a Sultan?
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire